Effect of protein and energy on broilers

1. Dietary Protein and Energy Effects on Broiler
Live Performance to 42 Days
F. I. L. Hernandez1, D. R. Korver2, R. A. Renema2,
M. J. Zuidhof1
1
Alberta Agriculture and Food, Agriculture Research Division, AB. Canada
2
Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, AB. Canada

2. The Problem
• Story of the fat chicken – Producers were paid
for BW and this resulted in carcasses with high
fat content

3. Objective
•Evaluate the effects of different protein and
energy levels on performance of broilers

4. Materials and Methods
• 3,700 Chicks
• 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 factorial experiment
– 2 sexes
– 2 prestarter nutrient densities (High and Low)
• Prestarters were nested within Sex x ME x DBP
– 3 levels of metabolizable energy (ME) - 94, 97 and 100
% of COBB recommendations for maximizing growth
and FCR
– 5 levels of dietary balanced protein (DBP) – 85, 92.5,
100, 107.5 and 115 % of recommendations

5. Materials and Methods
• Parameters measured
– Body weight
– Feed intake
– Carcass yield (breast, wings, legs)
• Statistical analysis
– Data were analyzed as a four way factorial using the
MIXED procedure of SAS (2003)

7. Hypothesis
• High energy diets increase deposition as fat
• High protein diets increase lean meat
• Decrease dietary protein reduce yield
• Decrease dietary protein increase feed intake

8. Results

9. Effect of Early Nutrition on BW
4.0
3.8
3.6
3.4
3.2
3.0
2.8
2.6
2.4 2.80
BW (kg)
2.2
2.0
1.8 2.70
BW (kg)
1.6
1.4 2.60
1.2
1.0 2.50
0.8 High Low
0.6
0.4
0.2 Prestarter
0.0
0 7 11 14 21 28 36 42 49 56
Age (days)
PS Level P<0.0001

10. Effect of ME on 42 d BW
2.7
BW (kg)
2.5
2.3
94.0% 97.0% 100.0%
Energy (% of recommended)
P=0.40

11. Ef fect of DBP on 42 d BW
a a a
2.7
b b
BW (kg)
2.5
2.3
85.0% 92.5% 100.0% 107.5% 115.0%
Protein (% of recommended)
P=0.0005

12. BW (42 d)
a
2.9
BW (kg)
2.7
b
2.5
2.3
Males Females
Sex
P<0.0001

13. Body Weight (42 d) Males
Females
Energy (% of recommended)
3.1
2.9
BW (kg)
94%
2.7
97%
2.5
100%
2.3
85.0%
92.5%
100.0%
107.5%
115.0%
DBP*ME*Sex P=0.003
ME*Sex P=0.025
Protein (% of recommended) DBP*Sex P=0.0003

14. Feed Intake (0 - 42 d)
6100.0
ab a ab
b b
4100.0
Feed (g)
2100.0
100.0
85.0% 92.5% 100.0% 107.5% 115.0%
Protein (% of recommended)
P=0.04

15. Effect of Energy on Feed Intake
6100
4100
Feed (g)
2100
100
94.0% 97.0% 100.0%
Energy (% of recommended)
P=0.17

16. Effect of Sex on Feed Intake to 42 d
6100.0
a
b
4100.0
Feed (g)
2100.0
100.0
Males Females
Sex
P<0.0001

17. Feed Intake Males
Females
Energy (% of recommended)
6100
Feed (g)
4100 94%
2100 97%
100%
100
85.0%
115.0%
92.5%
100.0%
107.5%
DBP*ME*Sex P=0.027
ME*Sex P=0.849
Protein (% of recommended) DBP*Sex P=0.014

18. Feed Conversion Ratio (11 to 42d)
2.5
2.061 a
2.0 1.915 b
1.5
FCR
1.0
0.5
0.0
Females Sex Males
Sex P<0.0001

19. Feed Conversion Ratio (11 to 42d)
2.5 Males
Females
abc a ab abcd
bcd
2.0
1.5
FCR
1.0
0.5
0.0
85.0% 92.5% 100.0% 107.5% 115.0%
Protein (% of recommended)
Sex*DBP P<0.0650

20. Effect of Dietary Balance Protein on
Carcass Yield
2500
ab a
bc bc c EBW
2000
Other
Weight (g)
1500
ab a bc bc c Wings
1000
Legs
500
c bc ab a a Breast
0
85.0% 92.5% 100.0% 107.5% 115.0%
Protein (% of recommended) Evis-BW P=0.0076
Wings P<0.0001
Breast P<0.0001

21. Breast Yield
510
a
500 a
ab
Weight (g)
490 bc
c
480
470
460
85.0% 92.5% 100.0% 107.5% 115.0%
Protein (% of recommended)
P<0.0001

22. Carcass Yield
2500
2000
Other
Weight (g)
1500
ab b a Wings
1000
Legs
500
a ab b Breast
0
94.0% 97.0% 100.0%
Energy (% of recommended)
Wings P=0.0860
Breast P=0.0811

23. Carcass Yield
2500 a Ev-BW
b
2000
Other
Weight (g)
1500
1000
b a Wings
500 Legs
Breast
0
Females Males
Sex Evis-BW P<0.0001
Wings P=0.0018
Breast P=0.0759

24. Effect of Prestarter on Carcass Yield
2500
a b EBW
2000
Weight (g)
1500
1000 Wings
Legs
500
Breast
0
High Low
Prestarter Evis-BW P=0.0118
Wings P=0.0748
Breast P=0.9251

25. Feed Intake to 11 d
400
341 335 337 326 Males
300 Females
Feed (g/bird)
200
100
0
High Low PS P=0.14
Prestarter Sex P=0.09
PS*Sex P=0.66

26. Nutrient Intakes to 11 d
100 1200
a
b 1000
Energy Intake (kcal)
80
Protein intake (g)
800
60 a
CP
b 600
ME
40
400
20 200
0 0
High Low CP ME
Prestarter PS <.0001 0.0002
Sex 0.0879 0.0882
PS*Sex 0.6661 0.6586

27. Conclusions
• High prestarter increased BW at 42 days
– 2.73 vs 2.66 kg
• Breast yield increased with increasing DBP
– 1 g of breast meat for every 1.5% increase in DBP
• Males were more efficient than females
– 1.91 vs 2.06 FCR

28. Future Research
• Maximize carcass value
• Predict performance under different nutritional
regimes

29. Acknowledgments
• Alberta Livestock Industry Development Fund
• Agriculture and Food Council
• Poultry Industry Council
• University of Alberta
• Alberta Agriculture and Food
• Cobb-Vantress
• Alberta Chicken Producers
• Maple Leaf