Presentation

The Potential of the 3D Internet
in the Cultural Heritage Domain

André Stork, Dieter Fellner
Fraunhofer IGD
http://www.igd.fraunhofer.de
GRIS / TU Darmstadt
http://www.gris.tu-darmstadt.de
© 2012 D. Fellner

1 EuroMed, 30.10.2012 – A. Stork / D. Fellner

Access
© 2012 D. Fellner


3D Cultural Heritage Artifacts

• worldwide
many
hundreds of
millions of
CH objects

137 million objects
© 2012 D. Fellner


3D Cultural Heritage Artifacts: precious & fragile

• Stadtarchiv Köln
30 shelf-km
collapse 3/2009

• Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliothek
Weimar
© 2012 D. Fellner



• Cultural heritage exhibits
from all over the world
• Artifacts dating back 6000
years in human history
• More than 175 years of
museum history

• ~ 6 million artifacts

• 120.000 new objects per year
© 2012 D. Fellner



• Let‘s do some calculations …

• If we would like to scan only the new objects …
• 120.000 / 365 days / 24 h / 60 minutes =
• 0,22 obj/min
• 4,38 min/object

• Houston, we have a problem!
© 2012 D. Fellner

• Why? …


3D geometry digitization: state of the art
 3D Artifact  Digital Replica
© 2012 D. Fellner


3D material acquisition: state of the art
• BTF-Dome (TU Bonn)
© 2012 D. Fellner


V&A study: Geometry with texture (no complex materials)

[h]

25

20

15

10

5
© 2012 D. Fellner

Digitization [h] Postprocessing [h] (Study: Victoria & Albert Museum)


3D Digitization & Documentation

The model
© 2012 D. Fellner


Time Budget: Geometry & Texture PLUS Material ̶ today

Geometry and Material acquisition Postprocessing
texture
acquisition

12 h 16 h 8h

= 36 hours

Preparation Return
© 2012 D. Fellner



• 3D acquisition challenges:
• faster acquisition
• optically complicated objects
• spatially varying materials
• translucent / transparent materials
• cost reduction
• ease of use
• develop and establish workflows
• transfer of knowledge and guidelines
© 2012 D. Fellner

• projects with critical mass



• technical approaches
• fast cameras
• faster projectors (even more important)
• automation (e.g. scan planning)
• post-processing (registration, stitching, cleaning, etc.)
• new sensors and sensor fusion

• potential organizational solutions
• ‚standardized‘ workflows
© 2012 D. Fellner

• rights management


What to do with all the
digital 3D artefacts?
© 2012 D. Fellner


Acquisition /
Research
Digitization

Documentation Sales &
Shipping
Preservation

Exhibition PR & Marketing

Education Entertainment
© 2012 D. Fellner


3D-centered documentation
© 2012 D. Fellner


• 3D linking with
• media data
• meta data
• provenance data
© 2012 D. Fellner



Repository
© 2012 D. Fellner

existing existing
resources resources


Annotation tools: state of the art

• structured information for describing the intrinsic structure of
the digital 3D shape
• (Papaleo and De Floriani 2010, Attene et al. 2009).
© 2012 D. Fellner


Annotation tools: state of the art

• segmenting, and structuring
• these are driven by different principles
• (Attene at al. 2006, Shamir 2008 and Chen et al. 2009)

vs.
© 2012 D. Fellner

complexity
segmentation benchmark (geometry and texture)


3D documentation

• need for more sophisticated 3D annotation and segmentation

• requirements
• segment object by
• shape, texture/material, topology
• surface or volume selection
• link arbitrary media data (text, pictures, video, audio, …)
• establish multi-lateral relationships
• easy-to-use
© 2012 D. Fellner


Annotation tools: 3D-COFORM IVB

• Video
© 2012 D. Fellner

accepted for
EG VAST 2012


Annotation tools

• future challenges and potential technical solutions
• human-assisted segmentation algorithms
• machine learning
• steering
• improved user interfaces
• gestures, drawing metaphors, etc.
• crowd sourcing / collaboration

• accessibility via 3D internet
© 2012 D. Fellner


3D Internet and Europeana
© 2012 D. Fellner


3D Internet: 3D Information inside the Web

• from websites to web applications
• increasing interest in 3D for
• product presentation
• visualization of abstract information
(e.g. time lines)
• enriching experience of Cultural Heritage
• enhancing user experience with more
sophisticated visualizations
Example 3D-COFORM:
• today: Adobe Flash-based sites with videos scanned historic 3D object
• tomorrow: Immersive 3D inside browsers


3D Internet: WebGL


3D Internet: X3DOM – Declarative (X)3D in HTML5
• allows utilizing JavaScript and DOM infrastructure for 3D
• brings together both worlds
• declarative content design as known from web design
• “old-school” imperative approaches known from game engine
development

<html>
<body>
<h1>Hello X3DOM World</h1>
<x3d>
<scene>
<shape>
<box></box>
</shape>
</scene>
</x3d>
</body>
</html>


3D Internet: X3DOM – Declarative (X)3D in HTML5

• X3DOM := X3D + DOM
• DOM-based integration
framework for declarative
3D graphics in HTML5
• seamless integration of
3D contents in Web Browser


3D Internet: the way of 3D to Europeana
Images

Legacy
3D-COFORM
© 2012 D. Fellner

Integrated Viewer Browser (IVB)
3D model


3D Internet

• future challenges and potential technical solutions
• automation
• Internet 3D search engines (shape retrieval)
• combined search
• meta data, shape, material, …

• organizational challenges
• rights management
• access, use, distribution, …
© 2012 D. Fellner


Conclusion
• 3D Internet can tremendously affect accessibility to
virtual 3D CH artefacts
• 3D Internet base technology exists
• WebGl, X3D, HTML5
• persisting technical challenges Cloud
• economic acquisition Computing
• organizational challenges
• future synergies
• linked open data Mobile 3D
• Cloud Computing devices Internet
• mobile devices


Thank you for your attention

Andre.Stork@igd.fraunhofer.de
www.igd.fraunhofer.de
www.3d-coform.eu
http://x3dom.org
© 2012 D. Fellner


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