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Educational psychology I
Group presentation
Introducing the crew
Jeremy
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His parents
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His teacher
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His classmates
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??? !!!! !!!! ??!!!!!!?
People Jeremy has contact with
Jeremy
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Primary Areas of
Learning theories
• Cognitivists
• Behaviorists
• Constructivists
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Behaviorism
• Learning witness through ‘observable’
behaviours (J.B.Watson)
• Lack Mental process
• Skinner: Operant Conditioning
• Change in voluntary behaviour
• Learning is a behaviourial change
Behaviorism -
Role of teacher
Role of teacher
• Behavioural engineer
• Thorndike’s Laws of
Exercise and Effect
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Approaching Jeremy’s
case
• Many negative reinforcers
• Attempt to coax good
behaviours
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Approaching Jeremy’s
case
• Attention Moves
• Occurs along a
spectrum
• Desisting
• Alerting
• Enlisting
• Winning
Approaching Jeremy’s
case
• Ms Low should consider positive
reinforcers
• Resist sarcasm and other authority-based
attention moves
• Affect Jeremy’s self-worth
Limitations of
behaviorism
• Student behaviour entirely controlled by
teachers
• Does not explain cognitive behaviours
Limitations of
behaviorism
• Radical behaviourists
• Forms of behaviour which seem to have no
observable reinforcement are ALWAYS the
result of some kind of reinforcement
(Gredler, 93)
• Motivation NOT in radical behaviourists
Approaching Jeremy’s
Case
• Jeremy is UNMOTIVATED
• Failure-accepting student
• Mr chan’s comments that
Jeremy is a slow learner
• Damaging to
student’s self-
attribution
• Learned helplessness
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I am Mr Tan
Approaching Jeremy’s
Case
• DeCharm’s causation
model
• self-efficacy improved
through an
appropriately
structured lesson
• lack of structure in Mr
Tan’s lesson
• Minimal instruction
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Discuss
among yourselves
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??? ???? ????
Approaching Jeremy’s
Case
• Cognitivism
• Learning takes place through memory
• “Essential components of learning are the
organization of the information to be learned, the
learner’s prior knowledge, and the processes
involved in perceiving, comprehending and storing
information.” (Gredler)
• Information processing model, Schema theory and
Meaningful reception theory.
Approaching Jeremy’s
Case
• Under structured lesson (DeCharms)
• Mr Tan begins class by giving them a puzzle
to solve
• Briefly tells the class the answer according
to lessons learnt in previous lesson
• Jeremy rebuked
• Ms Low handling of Jeremy’s failure to
anwer questions
Approaching Jeremy’s
Case
• Both teachers should have attempted to
get Jeremy to provide a correct answer
• Mr Tan should guide Jeremy to the
correct answer
• Motivational for Jeremy
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Correct answers
Approaching Jeremy’s
Case
• Jeremy has a problem of getting to the
point of equilibration
• Disruption in class (Naps, teachers)
• Tuition
• Affects his motivation
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X
Jeremy’s social situation
• Jeremy as upper middle snob
• parents
• extra classes
• Means of conditioning
• Jeremy’s classmates: reinforcers of non-
participation
Constructivist view of
Learning
• Learning as social (Vygotsky)
• Students do not learn through social
interaction but learning IS social interaction
Approaching Jeremy’s
case
• Jeremy must negotiate social interactions
• Greater degree of structure in lessons
• conflicts may be avoided
• humiliation by teacher should be avoided to
prevent non-participation.

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