1. Middle East
U.S. Policy
Israel & Its Issues
Arab World & Arab Issues
Monday, May 13, 13

2. Jihad versus McWorld
by Benjamin Barber
Monday, May 13, 13

3. Jihad versus McWorld
by Benjamin Barber
 Meaning?
Monday, May 13, 13

4. Jihad versus McWorld
by Benjamin Barber
 Meaning?
 Forces today:
– Globalization
– Tribalism (nationalism, fundamentalism)
Monday, May 13, 13

5. Jihad versus McWorld
by Benjamin Barber
 Meaning?
 Forces today:
– Globalization
– Tribalism (nationalism, fundamentalism)
 American foreign policy in the Middle
East
Monday, May 13, 13

6. Monday, May 13, 13

7. OIL
Monday, May 13, 13

8. David Ben-Gurion
ZIONISM or the creation of the State of Israel
Monday, May 13, 13

9. RELIGIONS
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10. Fundamentalism
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11. Judaism
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12. 9
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14. Monday, May 13, 13

15. Israel: A Brief History
 Zionism
 Balfour Declaration (1917)
– Palestine for Jews & Arabs?
 Israel
– 1948 created.
– War (same year)
Monday, May 13, 13

16.  Suez Crisis 1956
 Six Days War 1967
 Munich Games 1972 Black September
 Yom Kippur War 1973
 Camp David Accords 1978
– Israel (Begin) and Egypt (Sadat)
– Sinai returned to Egypt
– Egypt recognizes Israel
 Lebanese War 1982-3
Monday, May 13, 13

17.  West Bank Uprisings 1987-9
 1988 PLO recognizes Israel
 Oslo Accord (1993) p. 226
– Israel withdrawal from Gaza, West Bank
 Shepherdstown, W.V.
– Syria & Israel
– Issues: Golan Heights, Israeli security, &
water.
– Palestinians returning to Israel
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21. Arab World
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22. Arab World
 End of Ottoman Empire: Turks are not
Arab.
Monday, May 13, 13

23. Arab World
 End of Ottoman Empire: Turks are not
Arab.
 Mandate system after WW I.
Monday, May 13, 13

24. Arab World
 End of Ottoman Empire: Turks are not
Arab.
 Mandate system after WW I.
 Pan-Arab movements have not been
very successful.
Monday, May 13, 13

25. Arab World
 End of Ottoman Empire: Turks are not
Arab.
 Mandate system after WW I.
 Pan-Arab movements have not been
very successful.
 Islamic fundamentalism in Egypt,
Algeria, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia and
Iran.
Monday, May 13, 13

26. Arab World
 End of Ottoman Empire: Turks are not
Arab.
 Mandate system after WW I.
 Pan-Arab movements have not been
very successful.
 Islamic fundamentalism in Egypt,
Algeria, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia and
Iran.
 Anti-Americanism & Anti-Soviet.
Monday, May 13, 13

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29. The Suez Crisis
1956
 Nasser becomes leader of Egypt
 Aswan Dam Project
 US funding cancelled
 Sealed off Port of Eilat (cause) Israeli
Army invades (effect)
 Nationalizes Suez (cause) French &
British invade (effect)
Monday, May 13, 13

30.  U.N.E.F. United Nations Emergency
Force responds
– Defeated in Security Council (Why?)
– Overridden in General Assembly (Can.
Min. of For. Affairs Lester B. Pearson)
– Indian, Yugoslavian, and Canadian troops
Monday, May 13, 13

31. Monday, May 13, 13

32. Six Day War 1967
 Great victory for Israel: pre-emptive
strikes against Egypt, Syria and Jordan
 Gain more territory: Jerusalem and
West Bank; Sinai; Gaza; Golan Heights
 Arabs via OPEC (Organization of
Petroleum Exporting Countries)
discover power of oil.
Monday, May 13, 13

33. Yom Kippur
1973
 Huge Arab force attacks Israel
 Israelis suffer loses.
 Counter offensive successful
 Soviets & US supply their allies
 Close to nuclear war (Cuban Missile
Crisis)
Monday, May 13, 13

34. Big Events in the Middle East:
Iran
Monday, May 13, 13

35.  Dr. Mohammad
Mossadegh P.M. of Iran
early 1950s.
 Anglo-Iran Oil Comp.
was nationalized.
 British and Americans
forced his resignation…
coup?
 Power goes to…
Monday, May 13, 13

36. Iranian Revolution
 Muhammad Reza Pahlavi: The Shaw of
Iran (1941-79)
– White Revolution: modernize nation.
– Used terror: SAVAK
 Iran was important to US during much
of Cold War.
 Ayatollah Khomeini
 Islamic Republic
 Taking of US Embassy.
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37.  This ended Carter’s administration.
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38. Iran/Iraq War, “War of the
Cities”, “Gulf War (the First
One)” 1980-88
 Neither Super Power supported either
side.
 US feared that its supply of oil could be
threatened, as well as friendly nations in
the area, Kuwait, UAE, and Saudi Arabia.
 Use of chemical weapons.
 Summer, 1988 USS Vincennes Incident.
 Lockerbie, Scotland American Airlines ‘88
Monday, May 13, 13

39.  Salman Rushdie, The Satanic Verses
 1989 Khomeini dies.
 His fatwa : ‫ﻑفﺕتﻭوﻯى‬
"I inform the proud Muslim
people of the world that the
author of the Satanic Verses book,
which is against Islam, the
Prophet and the Qur'an, and all
those involved in its publication
who are aware of its content are
sentenced to death."
Monday, May 13, 13

40. Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
 A left wing coup in 1979.
 Amin asked for Soviet aid to defend the
revolution.
 Amin murdered.
 Karmal takes over.
 Mujaheddin (=Vietcong) aided by US
and Pakistan.
 1988 Soviets withdraw.
Monday, May 13, 13

41.  Civil war and radical Islamic
Fundamentalism dominate this country
to this day.
 Usama bin Laden now an enemy of the
US.
– Had ties to the bombing of US embassies
in east Africa.
Usama bin Laden
Monday, May 13, 13

42. Gulf War: Iraq
Monday, May 13, 13

43. The Gulf War
 July 1990:
– Baghdad accuses Kuwait of exceeding oil
quotas.
 August 1990:
– Iraq invades Kuwait.
 Security Council imposes embargo.
 No success.
 15 January, 1991 Coalition forces
attack.
Monday, May 13, 13

44.  Hyper-war (extension of the blitzkrieg).
 Six weeks later the war was over.
 PP. 219-21.
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45. The Palestinians
 Refugees from all the Arab-Israeli wars.
 Camps exist in Lebanon, Syria, Jordon,
as well as West Bank and Gaza.
 Intifada
 Self-government + territory (goal for
Palestinians).
 Hamas (Pal.)
 Hazballa (Leb.)
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