Climatic Changes and Yellow Rust Outbreak in Syria

Syrian Arab Republic Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Climatic Changes in Syria ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Consequences ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The relative value of annual rainfall rate in Syria during the period 1965-2007 The relative value of annual rainfall rate in Syria was decreased by 9% during 5 previous decades 2005-2007 1995-2005 1985-1995 1975-1985 1965-1975 86% 95% 88% 94% 100%

Stresses affected wheat crop during 2009/2010 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stresses consequences ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Climatic Factors / Aleppo – Serbaya Station ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Monthly rate Jun. May Apr. Mar. Feb. Jan. Dec. Temp. C ⁰ 13.3 27.5 23.4 13.9 11.0 9.1 4.3 3.9 2006-2007 15.3 31.1 24.5 21.5 14.3 6.9 3.0 6.2 2007-2008 13.9 28.2 21.4 16.1 10.9 8.8 5.7 6.3 2008-2009 15.6 26.8 22.3 15.4 13.3 11.7 9.3 10.4 2009-2010 Total May Apr. Mar. Feb. Jan. Dec. Rainfall/mm 164 30.2 23 30 29 44 8 2006-2007 144 8.5 0 23 0 41 72 2007-2008 232 4 25 36 86 38 43 2008-2009 206 0 16 7 58 54 71 2009-2010

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Climatic Factors / Aleppo – Serbaya Station Jun. May Apr. Mar. Feb. Jan. Dec. Sunshine hr/day 13.2 9.1 8.4 5.1 5.3 5.2 7.4 2006-2007 12.8 11.2 8.4 7.3 6.1 6.0 4.9 2007-2008 11.8 12.8 9.1 5.3 3.7 4.4 5.0 2008-2009 11.8 10.6 8.3 5.9 3.4 3.3 2.7 2009-2010 Monthly rate Jun. May Apr. Mar. Feb. Jan. Dec. Relative humidity% 75.5 52.9 64.1 73.9 81.8 88 77.9 55.8 2006-2007 68.9 30.1 40.9 52.8 81.2 73 56.4 81.2 2007-2008 70.7 40.2 52.2 62.6 72.3 79.5 68.4 705 2008-2009 75.5 59.9 82.6 60.6 77.5 80.9 75.9 82.2 2009-2010

The effect of warm winter on spikes number (m2) and tillering number (plant) of some durum wheat varieties in the farmers fields at Yahmool Research Station/Aleppo (1st settlement) during 2009 and 2010 growing seasons ,[object Object],[object Object],Tillering number / plant Spikes number / m 2 Variety 2010 2009 2010 2009 2 3 263 370 Cham5 2 3 270 423 Cham1 2 3.5 310 467 Douma1 2.0 3.2 281 420 Average

Productivity of some bread and durum wheat varieties during 2007-2010 growing seasons (kg/ha) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Weight of 1000 grains (g) for some bread and durum wheat varieties during 2007-2010 growing seasons 1000 grain weight (g) of tested bread and durum wheat varieties were varied according to variety and season, the highest 1000 grain weight was obtained during 2008/2009 growing season in comparison with others. The percentages of decreasing1000 grain weight for tested bread wheat cvs. (Cham10, Cham8 and Bohouth8) in irrigated zone and in 1 st settlement (Joulan2, Cham4 and Cham10) were moderate during 2010 season in comparison with other previous seasons, while they were low for durum wheat cvs.(Cham7, Cham1, Bohouth9, Bohouth7, Bohouth11 and Douma1).

Productivity of some released and promising bread and durum wheat varieties in the experimental fields during 2009-2010 growing season (kg/ha) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The priority was for The …., Followed by Douma 40765 (promising) Douma 48335 (promising) Sham10 Sham8 Bohooth 8 4636 5006 3144 2995 3030 Douma48114(promising) Douma40444 (promising) ACSAD1133(promising) Bohooth6 Sham10 Sham4 Joulan2 3695 3667 3823 3155 2876 3317 2972 ACSAD1115(promising) ACSAD1069 (promising) ACSAD1133 (promising) Douma 2 Douma4 1730 1714 1604 1629 1678 Sham1 Bohooth9 Cham7 5348 5426 5941 Douma45367 (promising) Cham9 Douma1 Bohooth7 Bohooth11 3693 3688 3080 3417 3326 Douma41282 (promising) Douma1 Sham9 Sham5 Sham3 Hourani 1623 1639 1519 1589 1304 940

Control strategies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Climatic Changes and Yellow Rust Outbreak in Syria

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