Arun K. Sharma & M. S. Saharan Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, INDIA

1. STATUS OF STRIPE RUST RESEARCH IN INDIA Arun K. Sharma & M. S. Saharan Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, INDIA

2. The Green revolution and after (1965 onwards) Establishment of the All India Coordinated Wheat Improvement Project (AICWIP) in 1965 by the ICAR The real breakthrough in productivity occurred from substitution by the semi-dwarf Mexican wheat through the Green Revolution.

3. National Wheat ProgrammeDWR and AICW&BIP DWR – nodal centre of wheat & barley research Regional Stations Flowerdale, Shimla Dalang Maidan (>10,000 ft) 107 scientists from 31 funded centres 115 non-funded cooperating centres National coordination: rice-wheat cropping system

4. Wheat in India Second most important winter cereal after rice. Bread wheat contributes approximately 95% to total production Remaining 4% from durum wheat and 1% from Dicoccum Wheat crop contributes substantially to the national food security by providing more than 50% of the calories to the people who mainly depend on it. Wheat contributed 37 % (80.71 million tons) in total food grain production to the tune of 218.20 million tons during 2009-10. The estimate for wheat production in 2010 – 11 crop season is 84. 27 million tons , an all time high record.

5. Wheat Growing Zones

6. Revised Wheat Targets-2030 AD 90.0 m tons of wheat to feed our population by the year 2030 A.D.

8. Leaf Rust– All parts of the country

9. Stem Rust– Central & Peninsular parts

10. No major epidemic of any of the rusts occurred in India during the past about four decades.

13. Trap Plot Nurseries - 27 locations in India

14. SAARC Disease Trap Nursery : 22 locations in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and Pakistan

16. Monitoring Yellow RustArea (Encircled) Intensively Surveyed Every Year

17. TRAP PLOT NURSERIES Trap Plot Nursery (TPN) : 36 locations in India SAARC Disease Trap Nursery : Planted at 23 locations in India (14), Bangladesh (2), Nepal (3), Bhutan (2) and Pakistan (2)

18. Time of appearance of rusts in different wheat growing zones in India (1995-2011) In 2010-11 crop season, disease appeared in mid December, 2010 in Punjab

20. HOST RESISTANCE EVALULATION FOR PROMOTION / IDENTIFICATION OF VARIETIES CONSTITUTION AND EVALUATION OF PEST SCREENING NURSERIES IDENTIFICATION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANT ENTRIES / SOURCES OF RESISTANCE CONTRIBUTION TO NGSN FOR USE BY THE BREEDING PROGRAMME AT CO-OPERATING CENTRES RUST RESISTANCE GENES POSTULATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF PATHOTYPES

21. PLANT PATHOLOGICAL SCREENING NURSERIES IPPSN PPSN Locations: Karnal, Ludhiana, Gurdaspur, DhaulaKuan, Durgapura, Malan, Bajoura, Jammu and Pantnagar

22. Multiple Resistant Genotypes Identified in 2009-10 Resistant to all Three Rusts +RA: MACS 3660, PBW 599, PBW 605, PDW 312, VL 922, HP 1911, IWP 5019 +SF: B662 +SF+FA+KB: HD 2989 +SF +FS+KB: VL 900 +SF+MR to LB+R to KB+Pm: PBW 580 +BWM: PBW 581, PBW 590, HD 2997, HS 512, HW 1096 +FA+FS+MR to LB: HPW 296 +RA+SF+FS+MR to LB: LION 1172 + BWM+SF+ KB+FS: AKDW 3795-3

23. Resistant to Leaf and Stripe Rusts +RA: MP 1202, IWP 72 +RA+BWM: Raj 4125 Resistant to Stem and Stripe Rusts +RA: TL 2961, MACS 6272, MP 1212, UAS 305 +SF: UAS 415, +KB+FS+MR to LB+SF: HPW 297 +BWM+KB+FS: HS 491 + RA+BWM+SF+Pm+KB+FS: TL 2959 +RA+BWM+FA+ Pm+KB+FS: VL 923 +SF+FA: HD 2969 Resistant to Stripe Rust + RA: IWP 72, A-9-30-1, +SF: HPW 331, UP 2770 +BWM+KB: HPW 329 +RA+SF: UP 2762 +SF+KB

24. RESISTANCE LEVEL IN PIPELINE MATERIALS Resistant wheat genotypes to stripe, leaf and stem rusts (ACI ranging from 0-10) AVT IInd Year AKDW 4021 (D), DBW 50, DBW 51, DBW 52, HD 3016, HI 1563, HI 8691 (D), HS 507, HS 513, HW 5207-1, KRL 240, MACS 3742 (D), MP 3288, PBW 621, PBW 629, PDW 315, PDW 317, RSP 561, UAS 315, WH 1081 and WHD 943. AVT Ist Year DBW 54, DBW 58, DBW 60, DBW 73, GW 1255, HD 3028, HD 3043, HI 1569, HI 1571, HI 8702 (d), HI 8703, HI 8704 (d), HI 8708 (d), HI 8709 (d), HPW 316, HPW 317, HPW 338, HPW 347, HPW 348, HS 514, HS 525, HS 532, HS 533, HS 534, HUW 635, HUW 636, HUW 638, K 0808, KRL 249, KRL 250, KRL 273, MACS 3744 (d), MP 1236, MPO 1232 (d), NIAW 1549, NIDW 577 (d), NW 4081, NW 4091, NW 4092, PBW 634, PBW 635, PBW 636, PBW 639, PBW 640, PBW 644, PDW 322, RAJ 4201, RAJ 4205, RSP 566, SKW 441, TL 2968, TL 2969, UAS 324, UAS 327, UAS 429, UAS 432 (d), UP 2763, UP 2766, UP 2798, UP 2799, VL 926, VL 930, VL 931, VL 934, VL 943, VL 944, VL 946, WH 1094, WH 1095 and WHD 946.

25. Flow of Material for Identification of Sources of Resistance in Wheat National and International Nurseries PPSN EPPSN Individual Disease Screening Nurseries Other Sources MDSN NGSN Materials Utilized as Sources of Resistance Registration of Genetic Stocks Long TermStorage

26. Commonly used Rust Resistance Genes

27. Enhancement of rust resistance in AVT entries

28. Gene Pyramiding in Wheat

30. Advisories issued to replace PBW 343 and other susceptible varieties with PBW 550 and DBW 17, specially in the epidemiologically important region – foothills and plains of J&K, foot hills and along the international border in Punjab, and Himachal Pradesh

34. Net area sown : 4.20m ha

35. Production in 2009-10: 15.11 m t

36. Losses if PBW 343 grown : 5.14 m t

37. Cost of 5.14 m t wheat : Rs. 5397 crore

38. Timely action and the crop protection advisory saved 5.14 m t of wheat worth Rs. 5397 crore(approximately) (@ Rs.1050 / Q, MSP)

39. Conclusion Stripe rust is the most important disease in northern parts of India Survey – surveillance is very important to take pre-emptive action to avoid epidemic situations Regional monitoring on the International movement of rusts should be the top priority Resistance materials are available in the Indian wheat programme on breeding for disease resistance Seeing the importance of other diseases, multiple disease / pest resistance approach is needed.

40. Thanks