The valuation tool exposed in this case is intended to facilitate valuation within technology transfer activities. This tool, composed of an excel document, embraces three quantitative valuation approaches, namely cost, income, and market. This valuation tool, and the related case, will grant technology transfer officers a solution in order to choose a valuation method, and to conduct the chosen valuation activity accordingly.
www.FITT-for-Innovation.eu
Repurposing LNG terminals for Hydrogen Ammonia: Feasibility and Cost Saving
FITT Toolbox: Valuation Tool
1. Valuation Tool
FITT
– Fostering Interregional Exchange in ICT Technology Transfer –
www.FITT-for-Innovation.eu
Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
2. Practice in general
The objective of this case is to expose an excel-based worksheet (the Tool)
designed to support valuation processes
This Tool aims at assisting “quantitative” valuation methods
• Facilitates valuation processes
• Helps choosing among a quantitative valuation method
• Cost Approach
• Market Approach
• Income Approach
Tool was designed for internal use at Tudor
• Tool is a work in progress, aimed at being optimized through further use experience
Tool needs adaptation on a case-by case basis
2 | April 2011 Valuation Tool
3. Valuation methods used in Tool
Cost Approach
Measures the value of an intangible asset by taking into account all relevant costs
invested or related to the appraised asset
Historic costs : accounting all costs (effective and sunk) directly related to the
appraised asset (such as securing, research, development, and licensing-in
costs)
Replacement costs : valuing the costs for buying an asset bringing the same utility
than the appraised one
Reproduction costs : valuing the costs induced in creating, at the time of the
appraisal, a similar asset based on actual knowledge
Cost approach is generally favored under high uncertainty and limited information
3 | April 2011 Valuation Tool
4. Valuation methods used in Tool
Market Approach
Value consists in the price of a comparable asset in a similar market transaction. Market
approach relates to the quantification and adjustment of pricing multiples in order to create
theoretical comparable conditions
Lack of active and transparent market for IP transactions and market dynamics have to be taken
into account in the process
Income Approach
Measures the value of an intangible asset by reference to the expected and actualized
benefits, incomes or saved costs over the remaining life of the asset. Such prospective-
based quantification of financial flows needs to take into account various risk-related factors
such as
Endogenous : Extend of IP protection, nature of competition, …
Exogenous : Substitute product development risks, maturity of market, …
4 | April 2011 Valuation Tool
5. The Tool – Part 1 (Choosing a valuation
method)
Various parameters help choosing among valuation methods
Maturity of technology
Based on the notion of the technology life cycle. The maturity of a technology impacts the amount
of products based on such technology available on markets at the time of valuation.
Strong maturity is needed for market approaches.
Level of novelty
Is to be considered strictly for the considered market . An asset under valuation can be old from a
technological standpoint, but new for a given market.
High level of novelty favor cost and income approaches.
5 | April 2011 Valuation Tool
6. The Tool – Part 1 (Choosing a valuation
method)
Nature of technology
Either discrete (asset usable solely) or complex, meaning that the use of such technology
relies on the necessity to use other dependant technologies.
Complex technologies favor cost and income approaches.
Substitutable technologies
Availability of other technologies that can be use in order to replace an existing one with no or
minimal loss of utility
For replacement costs, technologies need to be substituable.
Sustainaible technologies
Implies that they have a potential for a long life cycle remaining
Sustainability favors income approaches.
6 | April 2011 Valuation Tool
7. The Tool – Part 1 (factors impacting royalty
and risks)
Impacting factors (which need to be analyzed prior to valuation activity)
• Legal-focused criterias
Freedom to operate (based on third party IP)
Level of Protection granted by IPR (level of appropriability)
• Internal and organisational-focused criterias
Nature of the value proposal (understanding of how value will be created)
Accounting rules and reporting methods (if important)
• External and market-related criterias
Market risks (strong or weak – known or unclear)
Comparable markets (existing or not)
Consumer behaviour (understood and “rationnal” or not)
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8. Historic Cost Approach
Inflation and
depreciation should
be managed
externally
8 | April 2011 Valuation Tool
9. Market Approach
Market price for comparable technology/asset (known
price)
Example : 1 M€
Advantage induced by this comparable
technology/asset
Example : 20% productivity gain
Number of years of technology/asset exploitation on
market + inflation rate
Current value of comparable technology
1M€ x (1- 0,03)^5
Valuated technology
Gain for the valuated technology
Example : valuated technology permits a 30%
productivity gain
Value of technology
20% gain = 858k€
30% gain = 1,288k€ (50% increase)
9 | April 2011 Valuation Tool