The Ocean Acidification Summary for Policymakers was published in 2013. It summarises key findings from the Ocean in a High CO2 World Symposium, which is sponsored by the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO and the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research. For more information http://ocean-acidification.net/ Summary for Policymakers http://www.igbp.net/publications/summariesforpolicymakers/summariesforpolicymakers/oceanacidificationsummaryforpolicymakers2013.5.30566fc6142425d6c9111f4.html

1. Ocean
Acidification
Summary for
Policymakers 2013
International Geosphere-Biosphere
Programme
Intergovernmental Oceanographic
Commission of UNESCO
Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research
Wendy Broadgate, IGBP Deputy Director (2014)

2. • 26 % increase in acidity due to CO2
emissions
• Many organisms show adverse effects
(corals, molluscs)
• Some thrive (e.g. seagrasses)
• Ecosystems will change in the future
• There will be socio-economic impacts
and need for adaptation
• Reducing CO2 emissions will reduce
impacts

4. pH 1850

5. pH 2100

6. Aragonite saturation 1850

7. Aragonite saturation 2100

8. Commercially important organisms

9. After Peters et al., 2013
Observed CO2 emissions and
emissions scenarios to 2100

10. Confidence levels (IPCC)

11. iStockhphoto.com/ermingut

12. Atmospheric CO2 and ocean pH

13. After Bopp et al., 2013
3.2°–5.4°C
Global
temperature
increase likely
by 2100:
0.9°–2.3°C
Ocean surface pH projections to 2100

14. Turley et al., 2006
Rapid ocean acidification

15. Jason Hall-Spencer
Winners and losers

16. Hot, sour and breathless

17. Molluscs
iStockphoto.com/Eduardo Luzzatti

18. Coral Reefs
iStockphoto.com/t.light

19. Changes in marine ecosystems
iStockphoto.com/Richard Carey

20. Calcifying organisms
Ulf Riebesell; GEOMAR

21. Marine snails
Steve Ringman

22. Fish behaviour

23. Nitrogen fixation stimulated
NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/USGS)

24. Economic losses
iStockphoto.com/Thomas Bradford

25. Economic losses

26. Fisheries

27. Biogeochemical cycles

28. www.ocean-acidification.net

29. IGBP, IOC, SCOR (2013). Ocean Acidification Summary for Policymakers – Third Symposium on the
Ocean in a High-CO2 World. International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, Stockholm, Sweden.
Authors
Wendy Broadgate, IGBP
Ulf Riebesell, Germany
Claire Armstrong, Norway
Peter Brewer, USA
Ken Denman, Canada
Richard Feely, USA
Kunshan Gao, China
Jean-Pierre Gattuso, France
Kirsten Isensee, IOC-UNESCO
Joan Kleypas, USA
Dan Laffoley, UK
James Orr, France
Hans-Otto Pörtner, Germany
Carlos Eduardo de Rezende, Brazil
Daniela Schmidt, UK
Ed Urban, SCOR
Anya Waite, Australia
Luis Valdés, IOC-UNESCO
Wendy Broadgate, IGBP Deputy Director (2014)
wendy@igbp.kva.se
www.ocean-acidification.net