This document discusses the domestication and breeding of wild bananas. It notes that wild banana species have become rare and isolated, with an estimated 95% becoming extinct, due to habitat loss and other human impacts. The document explores the biology of wild banana species and how human activities have impacted their domestication and led to major diseases in domesticated banana varieties. It considers opportunities and challenges for banana breeding programs in exploring wild species diversity to develop new varieties with improved traits.
36. NATURAL SELECTION
IN WILDS
- Less height Negative
- Vertical bunch angle Negative
- Vertical peduncle Negative
- Long fingers Neutral
- Pathosystem balance Positive
37. DOMESTICATION
MIGRATION OF MAN TO:
– SOUTH ASIA
– SOUTHEAST ASIA
– ARCHIPELAGOS
– NEW GUINEA
SEA LEVEL CHANGES
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
LINGUISTICS
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55. DIFFERENT
PARTHENOCARPIC
ORIGINS IN AAs?
- Yes, in different subspecies
- SW India
- SE Asia and Sumatra
- New Guinea
- Philippines
- Do parthenocarpic genes differ?
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58. DOMESTICATION CREATED
MAJOR DISEASES
IN WILDS:
- Little known of pathogens/pests
- Some co-evolved
- Co-evolution towards balance
- Clonality freezes host evolution
59. HOW FOR FUSARIUM
WILT?
-By intrusion of clones into
balanced Musa/Fusarium
coevolved sites.
-By intrusion of commensal
Fusaria inside clones.
61. HOW FOR BACTERIAL WILTS?
-Intrusion of bananas into new-
encounter situations (bacteria
from other hosts) (Moko)
-Intrusion of new-encounter
bacteria into old banana sites
(Xantho wilt)
63. HOW FOR MYCOSPHAERELLA?
- Musa co-evolved pathosystem
- Clonal movement into different
pathogen populations
- Changing ecological dynamics
- Freezing host genes
65. THE BALBISIANA ENIGMA
Where truly native, pre-Man?
Why no subspecies?
Does parthenocarpy occur?
Where hybridized with which A’s?
Is it domesticated?
66. ANSWERS
- Extensive range is largely
clonal introduction
- Usually clonal near towns
- Clones bear empty seeds
-Rare feral seeded populations
derived from clonal
71. ANSWERS
- Greatest diversity with named clones:
Assam
N. Bangladesh
- Truly native:
Himalayan foothills eastward
Arunachal Pradesh (+ E and W?)
Burma/Thailand/S. China interface?
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72. ANSWERS
No subspecies because:
- Only one wild “population” known -
small area.
- Not anciently evolved in separate
areas.
- Free breeding wilds poorly
sampled/studied.
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73. ANSWERS
No parthenocarpy?
- Maybe, but contentious
- But, not selected for parthenocarpy
- “Domesticated” for fiber/leaves
- Moved by fisherfolk
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79. ANSWERS
Where hybridized?
- Balbisiana intrusion into different
AA wilds and derived clones
- SW India, Sri Lanka
- Philippines New Guinea
- South Burma/adjacent area?
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