This document summarizes lessons learned from breeding lowland rice varieties for sub-Saharan Africa. It discusses the challenges of rice production in SSA, including low yields, lack of high-yielding varieties adapted to local conditions, and high post-harvest losses. It outlines IRRI's contributions to rice breeding in SSA over several decades, including developing NERICA varieties and training African scientists. The document emphasizes targeting drought tolerance, nutrient deficiencies, diseases, and other stresses in future rice breeding to meet the growing demand for rice in the region.

1. Designing lowland rice in SS Africa:
What have been done
and lessons
learned.
Glenn B. Gregorio
Sr. Scientist, Plant Breeder
PBGB Division, IRRI
Africa Rice Center (WARDA),
Nigeria station
IITA, Ibadan Nigeria

2. WARDA station @
IITA-Ibadan, Nigeria

3. Rice in SSA
• 9.2 m t import/yr
(1/3 of world
market!)
• WCA: imports 40-
50% of rice needs
• By 2015: 10 mln t
paddy/yr extra
needed
Source: IRRI / WARDA (2004-2006 data)

4. SSA: Rice Supply & Demand
• Rice: grown and consumed in 40 countries
• Demand for rice: growing at 6% per year
• Per capita consumption: 30 kg/y (2000)
• Local production covers < 50% of the
demand
• Rice imports: 6 m tons ($1.5 billion) (2003)
• Severe burden on many governments

5. SSA: Rice Production Status
• Potential rice area: 200 m ha;
< 10% only is cultivated
• Cultivated rice area & yield:
– Rainfed lowland: 70-80%; yield < 1 t ha-1
– Rainfed upland: < 20%; around 500 kg ha-1
– Irrigated, fully or partially: < 10%; 2-4 t ha-1
– Average for all systems: 1.88 t ha-1
Women provide much
of labor for rice
• Total production: 3% or less of farming
world’s output of >600 m tons

6. SSA: Challenges to Rice
Production
• Producing quality rice at competitive price
– Low yield & high cost of production
– Lack of HYV: with consumer-preferred grain quality &
resistance to local pests
– High post-harvest losses (15% to 50% in value)
– Weak rice R&D capacity: 4-5 rice professionals for
every 100,000 farmers

7. IRRI’s Presence and Contribution to SSA
• 1984-2001: Madagascar (USAID)
• 1985-1996: IRTP (1985-89) – INGER (1989-96):
Nigeria (Core + UNDP + GTZ)
• 1988-2002: Egypt (USAID)
• 1985: IRRI-IITA first regional WS on rice in ESA
• 2001-2003: Biotech project – Mozambique
• 1990-2005: Trained 190 African scientists
• 2006: Posted a rice breeder at WARDA-IITA, Agronomist in
Mozambique – Sep 2006, Rice Breeders in Mozambique and Tanzania
• 2009: IRRI Nigeria move to Tanzania and form ESARP with WARDA
IRRI Breeder back to IRRI-HQ

8. IRRI’s Initial Focus Countries

9. Uniqueness of Africa
• Irrigated and rainfed areas are proportionally
smaller than in Asia-applicability of rice
technologies will be limited
• Short of skilled people
and qualified people
tends to go to
administrative post
• Commitment of the
government to
research
is very limited

10. Uniqueness of Africa
• Upland-larger area
– Strong rice blast pressure, blights, weeds etc.
– Drought and soil stresses
– Glume discoloration – due to soil problems and fungus
• Rainfed lowlands- better potential but problems are also
complicated
– Disease pressures- yellow mottled virus,
gall midge, panicle blast,
white stem borer etc.
– Soil problems, drought
– Glume discoloration
– Underdeveloped irrigation and paddies

11. The challenge to introduce Asian
modern rice to Africa
• The uniqueness of Africa will limit the
applicability of rice germplasm from Asia
• INGER method- spread the germplasm to
station but only less than 10% may survive.
• Rainfed technologies are
not yet very successful in
Asia – more complicated
to transfer to Africa

12. Target designs for
new waves of NERICA
• Resilience to drought
• Fe toxicity and Zn
deficiency tolerance
• Salt tolerance
• Resistance to African
gall midge
• RYMV resistance
• Blast
• High yield potential
• Grain quality
Smart Seeds are carrier of technology

13. Strategies to introduce the new
waves of NERICAS
• Establishment of robust/practical screening methodologies
for the target traits (to screen in large scale) including
molecular marker technology.
• Products of rice genomics
feeding in to the SSA
breeding programs.
• Categorize the Elite
materials in terms to its
potential adaptability to
other areas in
consideration of the
environmental stresses.

14. Dendrogram of 102 sub-Saharan Africa and 12 Asian rice
accessions using 65 SSR markers and its phenotypic rating for
Salinity, Fe toxicity, Zn deficiency and rice blast.
Phenotypic rating
Salinity Salinity Fe Tox Fe Tox Zinc
Code Designation Source Country Blast
EC12 EC18 9d 16d Def
AFR-12 NERICA33
NERICA Ivory Coast SSA S S I S S R
AFR-11 NERICA55
NERICA Ivory Coast SSA S S I S S R
AFR-40 CHOKOTO
CHOKOTO Taiwan Asia T T T S S R
AFR-47 ITA257
ITA257 Nigeria SSA S S S S M R
AFR-48 POKKALI
POKKALI India Asia T T S S I R
AFR-55 ITA 128
ITA 128 Nigeria SSA T I I S S M
G-I
AFR-58 ITA 150
ITA 150 Nigeria SSA S S I S S R
AFR-49 NERICA22
NERICA Ivory Coast SSA S S S S S R
AFR-57 ITA 230 bb
ITA 230 Nigeria SSA I I I I I I
AFR-56 ITA 117
ITA 117 Nigeria SSA T I I S S R
AFR-52 ROK 5
ROK 5 WARDA SSA I S I I I I
AFR-54 BOUKENE
BOUKENE Senegal SSA T T I I S I

AFR-53 IR13240-10-1
IR13240-10-1 Philippines Asia I I I I I R
AFR-50 NERICA44
NERICA Ivory Coast SSA S S S S M R
AFR-51
AFR-39
AFR-6
AFR-4
AFR-13
AFR-3
NERICA66
NERICA
YN2484-507-21
YN2484-507-21
BW348-1
BW348-1
IR64
IR64
AS996
AS996
BW293-2
BW293-2
Ivory Coast
Myanmar
Sri Lanka
Philippines
Vietnam
Sri Lanka
SSA
Asia
Asia
Asia
Asia
Asia
S
S
S
T
S
I
S
S
S
S
S
S
I
I
T
T
I
T
S
S
S
S
T
T
M
S
I
I
I
I
R
R
R
S
R
S
Genetic diversity of SSA rice
AFR-1 IR20
IR20 Philippines Asia S S T I T S
germplasm useful for
AFR-7 IR31851-96-2-3-2-1
IR31851-96-2-3-2-1 Philippines Asia I S I S S R
AFR-5 CISADANE
CISADANE Indonesia Asia I S T S I R
G-II
AFR-43 IET3137
IET3137 Gambia SSA T T I I M R
AFR-44 ITA212
ITA212 Nigeria SSA I S I I I R
AFR-45 ITA222
ITA222 Nigeria SSA I S I I T S
AFR-46 ITA306
ITA306 Nigeria SSA S S I S I R
AFR-42 FARO37
FARO 37 Nigeria SSA T I I I I R
AFR-41 ITA230a
ITA230 a Nigeria SSA T I I S I R
AFR-9
AFR-2
AFR-8
AFR-10
AFR-139
AFR-135
AFR-129
TOX3100-44-1-2-3-3
TOX3100-44-1-2-3-3
BG90-2
BG90-2
ITA344
ITA344
TOX4004-4-3-1-2-1
TOX4004-4-3-1-2-1
SUAKOKO 8
SUAKOKO 8
WAS 201-B-B-3
WAS 201-B-B-3
WAS 44-B-B-68-3
WAS 44-B-B-68-3
Ivory Coast
Sri Lanka
Nigeria
Nigeria
Liberia
Senegal
Senegal
SSA
Asia
SSA
SSA
SSA
SSA
SSA
T
S
I
S
S
T
I
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
I
I
I
T
T
S
S
I
I
I
T
T
T
T
M
S
M
I
I
I
S
R
R
I
R
R
identification and selection of
appropriate parents for
AFR-114 WAS 173-B-B-10-6-2
WAS 173-B-B-10-6-2 Senegal SSA S S I I S I
AFR-111 WAS 203-B-B-1
WAS 203-B-B-1 Senegal SSA I S T T I S
AFR-127 WAS173-B-B-6-4-3
WAS 173-B-B-6-4-3 Senegal SSA S S T T S I
AFR-107 WAS122-7-5
WAS 122-7-5 Senegal SSA S S T T S S
AFR-108 WAS126-1-1
WAS 126-1-1 Senegal SSA S S I I S R
AFR-133 WAS122-7-2
WAS 122-7-2 Senegal SSA I S T T S S
AFR-100 WAS49-B-B-9-1-4-3 b b
WAS 49-B-B-9-1-4-3 Senegal SSA S S T T I S
AFR-61 WAS 161- B-4-B-2
WAS 161- B-4-B-2 Senegal SSA S S I I S S
breeding program
AFR-60 WAS 173-B-B-9-5-3
WAS 173-B-B-9-5-3 Senegal SSA I I I I S S
AFR-98 WAS19-B-B-52-4-4-1B
WAS 19-B-B-52-4-4-1B Senegal SSA S S T T M S
AFR-99 WAS63-22-5-9-10
WAS 63-22-5-9-10 Senegal SSA S S T T I S
AFR-109 WAS 127-12-1
WAS 127-12-1 Senegal SSA S S I I T R
AFR-95 WAS 50-B-B-24-4-2-4
WAS 50-B-B-24-4-2-4 Senegal SSA I S T T S S
AFR-91 WAS 62-B-B-17-1-1-1
WAS 62-B-B-17-1-1-1 Senegal SSA T T T T I S
AFR-82 WAS 63-22-1-1-3-3
WAS 63-22-1-1-3-3 Senegal SSA T I I I S S
AFR-92 WAS 62-B-B-17-1-1-3
WAS 62-B-B-17-1-1-3 Senegal SSA T T T T I S
(a)
AFR-88 WAS 55-B-B-2-1-2-5
WAS 55-B-B-2-1-2-5 Senegal SSA T I T T T S
AFR-97 WAS 62-B-B-14-1-4-2
WAS 62-B-B-14-1-4-2 Senegal SSA I S T T I S
AFR-85 WAS 21-B-B-20-4
WAS 21-B-B-20-4 Senegal SSA T T T T S R
AFR-84 WAS 62-B-B-14-1
WAS 62-B-B-14-1 Senegal SSA T T T T I S
AFR-83 WAS 63-22-5-9-10-1
WAS 63-22-5-9-10-1 Senegal SSA T I I I I S
AFR-89 WAS 50-B-B-24-4-2-1 b b
WAS 50-B-B-24-4-2-1 Senegal SSA T T T T I S

AFR-77 WAS 57-B-B-17-7-2-3
WAS 57-B-B-17-7-2-3 Senegal SSA T I T I T R
Valuable source of diversity for
AFR-65 WAS 50-B-B-24-4-2-1 a a
WAS 50-B-B-24-4-2-1 Senegal SSA T I I I S S
AFR-90 WAS 49-B-B-9-1-4-3 a a
WAS 49-B-B-9-1-4-3 Senegal SSA I I T T S S
AFR-78 WAS 49-B-B-9-1-4-4
WAS 49-B-B-9-1-4-4 Senegal SSA I S I I T S
AFR-105 WAS 127-B-5-1
WAS 127-B-5-1 Senegal SSA S S I I T R
AFR-71 WAS 122-IDSA-10-WAS-3-4-FKR-1
WAS 122-IDSA-10-WAS-3-4-FKR-1 Senegal SSA I S I I I R
AFR-62 WAS 49-B-B-9-1-4-1B
WAS 49-B-B-9-1-4-1B Senegal SSA I S T T S S
(b)
AFR-63 WAS 30-11-1-4-6-2-2-2
WAS 30-11-1-4-6-2-2-2 Senegal SSA T I I I S S
association mapping efforts.
AFR-128 WAS 30-11-4-6-2-2-1
WAS 30-11-4-6-2-2-1 Senegal SSA S S T T M S
AFR-96 WAS 30-11-1-4-6-2-2-1B
WAS 30-11-1-4-6-2-2-1B Senegal SSA S S T I S S
AFR-59 WAS 62-B-B-14-1-4-3
WAS 62-B-B-14-1-4-3 Senegal SSA I I I I S S
AFR-117 WAS122-IDSA-1-WAS-3-WAB-1-WAS-1
WAS 122-IDSA-1-WAS-3-WAB-1-WAS-1 Senegal SSA S S T T S R
AFR-93 WAS 21-B-B-20-4-3-3
WAS 21-B-B-20-4-3-3 Senegal SSA I S I I S I
AFR-86 WAS 19-B-B-65-5-2
WAS 19-B-B-65-5-2 Senegal SSA T T T T S I
AFR-87 WAS 57-B-B-3-1-4-6
WAS 57-B-B-3-1-4-6 Senegal SSA I S I I I I
G-III
AFR-116 WAS 194-B-2-1
WAS 194-B-2-1 Senegal SSA S S T I S I
AFR-81 WAS122-IDSA-11-WAS-6-3
WAS 122-IDSA-11-WAS-6-3 Senegal SSA T I I I S R
AFR-134 WAS122-7-8
WAS 122-7-8 Senegal SSA I S T T S S
AFR-136 WAS202-B-B-1
WAS 202-B-B-1 Senegal SSA I S T T S S
AFR-101 WAS173-B-B-2-1-4
WAS 173-B-B-2-1-4 Senegal SSA S S T T S S
AFR-103 WAS191-8-1-FKR-1
WAS 191-8-1-FKR-1 Senegal SSA I S T T M I
AFR-106 WAS122-4-2
WAS 122-4-2 Senegal SSA I S T I M S
AFR-104 WAS122-IDSA-14-WAS-B-FKR-1
WAS 122-IDSA-14-WAS-B-FKR-1 Senegal SSA S S I I S I
AFR-126 WAS122-IDSA-13-WAS-B-FKR-1
WAS 122-IDSA-13-WAS-B-FKR-1 Senegal SSA S S T T M S
AFR-130 WAS122-IDSA-10-WAS-7-2
WAS 122-IDSA-10-WAS-7-2 Senegal SSA S S T T S R
AFR-132 WAS161-B-6-4-FKR-1
WAS 161-B-6-4-FKR-1 Senegal SSA I S I I I R
AFR-73 WAS122-B-9-1-FKR-1
WAS 122-B-9-1-FKR-1 Senegal SSA I S I S S R
AFR-72 WAS122-IDSA-10-WAS-6-1-FKR-1
WAS 122-IDSA-10-WAS-6-1-FKR-1 Senegal SSA I S S S S S
AFR-118 WAS122-IDSA-10-WAS-10-WAB-2-WAS-1
WAS 122-IDSA-10-WAS-10-WAB-2-WAS-1 Senegal SSA S S T T M I
AFR-120 WAS191-5-WAB-1-WAS-3
WAS 191-5-WAB-1-WAS-3 Senegal SSA S S T T S S
AFR-102 WAS191-1-7-FKR-1
WAS 191-1-7-FKR-1 Senegal SSA S S T T S I
AFR-119 WAS191-4-WAB-1-WAS-1
WAS 191-4-WAB-1-WAS-1 Senegal SSA S S T T S S
AFR-79 WAS 122-IDSA-10-WAS-4-3
WAS 122-IDSA-10-WAS-4-3 Senegal SSA T I T T I S
AFR-80 WAS 122-IDSA-10-WAS-5-4
WAS 122-IDSA-10-WAS-5-4 Senegal SSA T I T T M S
AFR-74 WAS 161-B-4-1-FKR-1
WAS 161-B-4-1-FKR-1 Senegal SSA S S I I S R
AFR-94 WAS161-B-9-2
WAS 161-B-9-2 Senegal SSA T I I I S S
AFR-75 WAS161-B-6-3-FKR-1
WAS 161-B-6-3-FKR-1 Senegal SSA I S T I S S
AFR-76 WAS161-B-9-1-FKR-1
WAS 161-B-9-1-FKR-1 Senegal SSA T T I I S R
AFR-64 WAS 161-B-6-B-3-1
WAS 161-B-6-B-3-1 Senegal SSA T T I I S R
AFR-67 WAS 161-B-6-B-1
WAS 161-B-6-B-1 Senegal SSA I I I S I R
AFR-70 WAS 161-B-6-FKR-1
WAS 161-B-6-FKR-1 Senegal SSA S S I I S R
AFR-68 WAS 186-B-8-B-2
WAS 186-B-8-B-2 Senegal SSA T I I I S I
AFR-69 WAS 191-9-B-1
WAS 191-9-B-1 Senegal SSA I I I I S S
AFR-123 WAS 174-B-3-15
WAS 174-B-3-15 Senegal SSA T I T T S R
AFR-66 WAS 174-B-5-6
WAS 174-B-5-6 Senegal SSA T I I I S R
AFR-110 WAS 198-B-B-2
WAS 198-B-B-2 Senegal SSA S S T T I I
AFR-137 WAS 173-B-B-4-2-4
WAS 173-B-B-4-2-4 Senegal SSA I S T T I R
(c)
AFR-112 WAS 173-B-B-5-3 a a
WAS 173-B-B-5-3 Senegal SSA S S T T I I
AFR-113 WAS 196-B-4-3
WAS 196-B-4-3 Senegal SSA S S T T I R
AFR-125 WAS 105-B-IDSA-B-WAS-2-1-FKR-1
WAS 105-B-IDSA-B-WAS-2-1-FKR-1 Senegal SSA S S T T M I
AFR-138 WAS 173-B-B-5-3 b b
WAS 173-B-B-5-3 Senegal SSA I S T T S I
AFR-131 WAS 173-B-B-9-5
WAS 173-B-B-9-5 Senegal SSA S S T T I I
AFR-115 WAS 173-B-B-10-6-5
WAS 173-B-B-10-6-5 Senegal SSA S S I I S I
AFR-124 WAS 173-B-B-6-4-2
WAS 173-B-B-6-4-2 Senegal SSA I S T T S I
AFR-121 WAS 173-B-B-2-1-3
WAS 173-B-B-2-1-3 Senegal SSA I S T T S I
AFR-122 WAS 173-B-B-9-5-2
WAS 173-B-B-9-5-2 Senegal SSA I S T T I I
0.1

15. •Comparative Genetic diversity
between Oryza sativa, Oryza
glabberima, and interspecific
hybrid (NERICA) based on SSR
markers
•Validation of the salinity tolerance
(Saltol) molecular markers using
two breeding populations

16. Genes
Maize (C4) Rice (C3  C4)
IRRI

17. New Sub1 lines after 17 days
submergence in the field at IRRI
IR64-Sub1
Samba-Sub1 IR49830 (Sub1)
Samba IR64 Samba
IR42 IR42 IR49830 (Sub1)
IR64 IR49830 (Sub1) IR64
IR64-Sub1
Samba IR64-Sub1
Samba-Sub1
IR42
IR42
IR49830 (Sub1) IR64-Sub1
IR49830 (Sub1)
Samba
Samba-Sub1
IR64

18. Swarna-Sub1 in eastern UP (India)
Yield comparisons 2008
2007
6
5
4
Yield
Swarna
3
Swarna-Sub1
2
1
0
0-5 days 6-10 days 11-15 days > 15 days
Days of submergence

19. Yield performance of
submergence tolerant rice
varieties in Nigeria
One day after end of submergence
Rice trial submerged for 21 days
Varieties with sub1 showed fast recovery
at 3 days after end of submergence.

20. Swarna-Sub1 demonstrated its superiority at Submergence trial plots at 15 days after end
13 days after end of submergence of submergence at IITA, Ibadan. Nigeria
Swarna-Sub1 at reproductive stage WITA 4 flanked with Sub1 varieties

21. Waterproof genes Sub1 submerged for 21 days at IITA
Farm, 2009.
%Survival Submerge Normal
21 days of d Field % Yield
Varieties submergence Yld (t/ha) Yld(t/ha) Reduction
TDK1-Sub1(BC3F3) 95.6 3.62 a 4.46 18.99
Swarna-Sub1(BC3F3) 91.0 3.56 a 4.45 19.92
BR11-Sub1 95.3 2.60 b 4.11 36.49
Samba Mahsuri -
Sub1(BC3F3) 94.4 2.59 b 3.94 34.16
Samba Mahsuri-Sub1(BC2F3) 96.4 2.37 b 3.62 34.47
CR1009-Sub1 97.0 2.21 b 3.61 29.78
IR64-Sub1(BC3F3) 96.9 2.21 b 3.02 26.89
IR64 21.4 1.32 c 3.19 58.46
Samba Mahsuri 17.4 0.81 cd 3.83 78.73
Swarna 19.5 0.64 de 4.29 85.16
FARO 35 (ITA 212) 20.4 0.41 de 3.61 88.61
WITA 4 4.1 0.08 e 3.77 97.99

22. Replicated Yield trials in Nigeria 24 entries per trial
with 3-replicates including NERICAs and local
checks
Year/Seasons Yield Range (t/ha) Mean (t/ha)
RYT 1 5.8 – 2.3 4.2
2007 DS
RYT 2 4.6 – 1.7 3.7
RYT 1 5.6 – 2.3 4.0
2007 WS
RYT 2 4.9 – 2.4 4.1
RYT 1 4.7 – 2.2 3.3
2008DS
RYT 2 4.2 – 2.0 3.1
2008WS Hybrid 5.8 – 3.2 4.2
Promising genotypes distributed to SSA NARES

23. 2006 WS
Nigeria 2006 DS
Nigeria

24. Replicated Yield trials in Nigeria including NERICAs
and local checks 2009 dry season
Trial Yield Range (t/ha)
RYT 1 5.2 – 2.9
RYT 2 5.6 – 3.0
IRRIGATED
RYT 3 5.9 – 3.1
Hybrid 6.6 – 4.3
Subm 3.6 – 0.1
Submergence
Normal 4.4 – 3.0
Promising genotypes distributed to SSA NARES
Highest yielding genotypes are still the Hybrid rice

25. IRRI-WARDA Lowland PVS
• 2008DS PVS-24 April (80 participants)
• 2008WS PVS Abakaliki with AGRA (150)
• 2008WS PVS 24 Oct (65)
• 2009DS PVS 10 March (60) Drought
&Submergence
Note: Varieties selected by
farmers in DS is different
from WS

26. IR
IR 77
38
farmers
69 4-
51 12
3-
21 IR -17
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
-S 65 -3-
RN 60 1 8
0 -
80
IR 2- -81 2- B
70 UB -
5-
17 N 3
5- 1-B -2
22 -7
-1 -2
IR -1
-2
IR 6
77 -
PS IR 2
77 4 5- B 6
IR 64 3B R 8
IR 77 3 5- -2 c 5
1
75 64 B-2 -2 - 0
IR 39 5-3 1- 3-9
75 5-2 B-2 2 -3 -4
39 B- 1- -1
5 B 2 0-
IR -2B -1 8 -3-1 4
IR 7 -B -1 7
75 76 -1 -1- -5
IR 39 6 6 8-1 1 -
- 1
75 5-2 3B -1- - 2
IR 39 B- -1 2 1 -
B 2
77 5-2 -1 -3 - - 1
IR 67 B-B 8-1 3 3-
75 4-B -1 -1- -1
39 -2 8- 1 -
5- 0 - 1 -1 2- 5
2B 1- -
-B 2-1 1 -5
-1 - 3 - 3
varieties
IR 9-2 -1 2
74 -1- -B
IR 37 2 -
77 1- 1- B
IR 6 54
77 7 4- BG -1- 1
6 3
IR 7 4 B-8 9 0
77 -3B -1 -2
67 -8 - 3-
4- -2- 7- 3
3B 2
-8 -20
-3 -4
-1
-1
M -
PVS in Abakaliki, Nigeria Sept 2008
AT AP 4
AT O
AG
S
TO IP WI 9
X I(FA TA
40 R 4
04 O
- 4 44
3- )
1-
2-
1

27. no of farmers
IR
77
67
IR 4
IR -3
77 B
77 67 -6
67 4 3
-3 -3
4- B -
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
IR B- -8 3-7
20 -2 -3
77 -
38 -1- 2-1
IR 4 2 4
77 -12 -1-3 -4
64 -1 -1
5- 7-3 2-B
3B -1
- 8
FA 21 -2
R -2- -B
O 3
37 -17
(I -5
TA
N
E
RI 306
N C )
IR ER A -
L-
79 I C 2
97 A -
1- L-
IR B 3
80 -93 4
4 -
IR 63 B-3
76 -B
IR 92 -39
78 6-5 -1
91 -1
-
IR 0-2 1-4
7 3-
FA 43 1-3
R 71- -3
O 5
36 4-1
(I -
TA 1
comparison
I
varieties
IR R 6 PS 22
IR 77 56 B R 2)
75 66 00 c
3 6 -8 5
IR 95 -3B 1-5 0
75 -2
B -12 -3-
- 2
IR 395 B-1 -3-3
IR 75 -2B 8- -3
69 3 - 1- -1
51 95 B-1 1-1
3- -2 8 -5
21 B-B -1- -3
-S -1 1-1
R 9- -
N 2 2
2- -1- -5
U
B 2 -1
N -
1 B
IR -B-
IR 7
77 82 -2
4 87
IR 96 0-
79 -80 48
64 -3
3- -2-
39 2
-2
-2
-3
PVS at WARDA station, IITA (2008DS and WS)
dry season
wet season

28. Rice genotypes preferred by
Farmers and distributed
Designation Farmers remarks
Dense grains and drought tolerant at
IR 68 reproductive stage
IR 69513-21-SRN 2-UBN Dense grains, good grain type
IR 74371-54-1-1 High yielder, very early maturity
IR 77645-3B-21-2-3-10-4 High yielder and good grain
IR 77674-3B-8-2-2-20-4 Long grain and Fe toxic/drought tol.
IR 75395-2B-B-18-1-1-1-5-3 High yielder and good grain
IR 77384-12-17-3-18-2-B Excellent vigor, weed competitive
IR 77674-3B-63-3-3-7-3 Long grain and Fe toxic/drought tol.
PSB Rc 50 High yielder and salt tolerant
New entries are becoming favorites by farmers

29. Yield trials and seed production
Potential varieties

30. Edition 2, March 2009
Growing cassava in Denmark
Biotech in Nigeria
Banana menace
Is hybrid rice the answer?
CBSD: enemy number 1
Ensuring biosafety
Is genetically modified cowpea safe?
Training farmers using video
New genomic tools
Unraveling cassava’s problems
Designer (cowpea) plants
Biotechnology and nematodes

31. % Yield Maturity Plant
Yield
Entry Advantage (d) Ht.
(Kg/ha)
vs WITA-4 (cm)
IR 83212 H 5,811 27.9 126 118
Yield
IR 82391 H 5,435 19.7 123 102
performance
IR 82376 H 5,099 12.3 124 112
of tropical IR 83202 H 5,072 11.7 126 120
hybrid rice IR 84711 H 4,932 8.6 124 105
in Nigeria IR 82372 H 4,716 3.8 123 114
2008WS IR 81265 H 4,666 2.7 125 103
IR 78386 H 4,545 0.1 123 105
WITA-4 (CK) 4,542 0 127 126
Max 5,811 27.9 127 126
Min 3,195 -29.7 123 96
Low fertilizer Rate Average 4232 -6.8 124 110
65N-18P-18K CV 9.72 0.77 2.30
LSD 5% 677 1.6 4.2

32. Yield performance of tropical hybrid rice in Nigeria
First hybrid rice tested in SS Africa
.
Highest yielding hybrid (IR83212H) with
27.9% advantage
Second highest yielding
hybrid (IR832391H) with
19.7% advantage

33. % Yield
DESIGNATION Yield Advantage
(t/ha) vs WITA-4
IR83202H 6.57 a 14.90
Yield
IR80637H 6.52 ab 14.01
performance IR86167H 6.11 a-c 6.81
of tropical IR85466H 6.04 a-d 5.56
hybrid rice IR85471H 6.03 a-d 5.50
IR82391H 5.87 a-e 2.60
in Nigeria
IR80228H 5.81 a-e 1.54
2009WS IR84711H 5.80 a-e 1.41
IR81959H 5.77 a-e 0.90
Higher fertilizer rate WITA 4 5.72 a-e 0.00
80N-25P-25K
IR82386H 5.65 b-e -1.18
PSB Rc 82 5.6 c-e -2.02
•Hybrid rice has higher NERICA -L-34 5.42 c-f -5.01
yield advantage at low FARO 35(ITA 212) 4.38 g -23.46
fertility Mean 5.54 -3.15

34. Germplasm Evaluation
• Evaluated 3,268 Asian rice germplasm
and only 11% showed good performance

35. Double the yield target in Rain-fed lowlands,
and expected contributions from breeding and
crop management research in SS Africa.
Germplasm
40%
Manage-
ment
60%

36. Double the yield target in Rain-fed lowlands,
and expected contributions from breeding and
crop management research in SS Africa.
Germplasm Germplasm
40% 40%
Manage- CNM
ment
Pest Mgt
60% Mech/Post
harvest

37. Double the yield target in Rain-fed lowlands,
and expected contributions from breeding and
crop management research in SS Africa.
Germplasm Germplasm Germplasm
40% 40% 30%
GAP
Manage- CNM
30%
(when done
ment
separately)
Pest Mgt
Manage-
60% ment
Mech/Post
harvest 40%

38. Urgent Germplasm Needed
• Early maturing
Tolerance to
• Grain Quality abiotic/biotic
• More genetic diversity stresses
Problems in Germplasm exchange
 Plant Quarantine- cost in seed testing
 SHU
Promising germplasm

39. Lessons learned
• More complicated than I thought
• Opportunities increased dramatically in
last 3-years
• How to fast tract varietal release system
• Policy more important than science
• “Opportunity knocks when you are ready”
• Be patient, patient, and patient

40. More lessons
• Be flexible and De-
innovative signing lo-
wland rice for S-
ub Saharan Afri
ca:What have
been achieve-
d and lesso-
ns learned

41. More lessons
• Don’t get sick

42. More lessons
• Don’t give up
2006
April 2009 May 2009