SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 58
Descargar para leer sin conexión
A problem shared is a problem halved?
An evidence report on dementia in Europe
              Sally-Marie Bamford

                February 2010


                                    Made Possible By
About the ILC-UK                                                                  ILC-UK




The International Longevity Centre - UK (ILC-UK) is an independent, non-partisan think
tank dedicated to addressing issues of longevity, ageing and population change. It
develops ideas, undertakes research and creates a forum for debate.

The ILC-UK is a registered charity (no.1080496) incorporated with limited liability in
England and Wales (company no. 3798902).

This state of evidence report was first published in February 2010.
© ILC-UK 2010

Acknowledgements
This research has been made possible by an unrestricted grant from Pfizer Inc. We are
grateful for their continued support.
Contents
Contents

     1. Introduction

     2. Ageing Population and Conceptions in the EU

     3. Prevalence and Conceptions of Mental Health in the EU

     4. Definitions, Conceptions and Prevalence of Dementia in the EU

     5. Impact of Dementia in the EU

     6. Dementia in EU Member States

     7. European Union Current Actions on Dementia

     8. Conclusion
Introduction                                                                Introduction




•   This evidence report is intended to accompany the Policy Brief ‘A problem shared is a
    problem halved? Learning Opportunities from Europe’. It should be read alongside
    the policy brief, to provide contextual background and further details on the
    arguments and discussions raised in the brief.

•   This report is primarily focussed on dementia and ageing at the European Member
    State level and at the EU level. It will look at, in turn: the ageing population and
    conceptions in the EU, prevalence and conceptions of mental health in the EU,
    definitions, conceptions and prevalence of dementia in the EU, the impact of
    dementia in the EU, dementia in EU Member States and European Union current
    actions on dementia.
Ageing Population and Conceptions in the EU                                                               Ageing
 A diverse group in an increasingly diverse Europe



 •     Ageing affects individuals and nations everywhere. But a precise definition of what
       ageing is cannot be provided easily without regard to health aspects, social
       conventions and lifestyles that are intertwined with the ageing process.

 •     A heterogeneous ageing population - people aged 50 years and above form a very
       diverse group characterised by a range of factors, only one of which is their age.

 •     As the older population continues to expand, this diversity among its constituents will
       further increase. The use of chronological age is a poor proxy for determining
       people’s health, wealth, social status, aspiration or capacity to be active on the labour
       market.

 •     Alongside differences such as those linked to gender, health and wealth, one aspect
       of this increased diversity is linked to the immigration of ethnic and national minorities
       everywhere in Europe over successive generations who now form part of the EU’s
       ageing populations.


Source: AGE (2007), ‘Towards a European Society for all ages’, AGE- The European Older People’s Platform
Ageing Population and Conceptions in the EU                                                 Ageing
Despite variation across EU member states, policy-makers are developing
more progressive conceptions of ageing



                         Progressive conceptions of ageing



     • Old Age “The old man does not know what is best for him…he cannot accommodate himself
     to…the progress of civilization.” (IL Nashcher,19th Century)
     •“Ageing is a progressive, generalised impairment of function resulting in an increased
     probability of death.” (John Maynard Smith)
     •Active ageing “is the process of optimizing opportunities for health, participation and security
     in order to enhance quality of life as people age”. (WHO, 2002)
     •Successful Ageing refers to the maintenance of physical and mental function, thereby
     ensuring that individuals have the psychological and physical “reserves” necessary to
     withstand stressful experiences in later life. (Walters et al,1999)
     •Healthy Ageing concerns “the process of optimizing opportunities for physical, social and
     mental health to enable older people to take an active part in society without discrimination
     and to enjoy an independent and good quality of life”. (SNIPH, 2007)
Ageing Population and Conceptions in the EU                                                                                  Ageing
   Outside the policy-making sphere, there remains wide cultural variations on
   attitudes towards the ageing population.



                                  Confused and regressive conceptions of
                                            ageing in society?


        •Confusing array of images and views of older people co-exist within society, creating
        contradictions and inconsistencies in policy and practice.

        •Often conceived narrowly as recipients of health and social care primarily as opposed to citizens
        in their own right.

        •Negative and mainstream discourse on the growth of the ageing population encapsulated in
        pejorative phrases such as ‘demographic time bomb’ or ’rising tide’ have given rise to and
        engrained discriminatory and negative attitudes towards older people.

        •Condescending and negative discourse on older people, particularly pervasive in the media and
        public parlance, has led to reductive conceptions of their identity based on the themes of
        ‘burden’,’dependency’ and ‘vulnerability’.

        •Is there an irreconcilable dichotomy between ‘illderly’ and ‘wellderly, go-go pensioners and no-go
        pensioners (Townsend, 2004)? With two distinct conceptions of older people: the ‘successful
        agers’ that remain active, engaged and accorded equal status; and those others who are
        perceived solely or primarily as ‘dependent’, to be ‘managed’ or ‘looked after’ by services.




Source: Townsend,J.,Denby,T and Godfrey,M. (2004) Heroes, Villains and Victims, Older People’s Perceptions of Other Older People.
Conference Paper, British Society of Gerontologists and Institute of Health Sciences and Public Health Research and University of Bradford,
(2005) Preventionand Service Provision: Mental Health Problems in Later Life
Ageing Population and Conceptions in the EU                                                                          Ageing
Under the projected birth rates, life expectancy and migration flows, the
population of the present EU will be roughly the same in 2060 at about 500
million, but will be significantly older

                 The Facts                                                                     The Drivers

•The number of elderly people will                                              •Significant increase in life expectancy,
almost double, rising from 85 million in                                        especially for women, particularly
2008 to 151 million in 2060.                                                    pronounced in Euro area Member States.

•The number of oldest-old (age 80 years                                         •Increases in longevity accelerates the
and above), is projected to triple from 22                                      growth of the proportion of elderly people
million in 2008 to 61 million on 2060.                                          relative to that of children or adults of
                                                                                working age.
•In the same period, the EU will move
from having four people of working age                                          •Sustained reduction of fertility rates.
for every person aged over 65 to a ratio                                        •Migration patterns.
of only two to one.
                                                                                •Progress in bio-medical technology.
•While EU Countries are projected to
follow different population change                                              •Improvements in health and social care
trajectories, the population is projected                                       systems.
to become older in all Member States.                                           •Changes in private lifestyle, for example
                                                                                reduction of smoking.



Source: European Commission and the Economic Policy Committee (2009), ‘Ageing Report 2009’ , European Economy, no 2/2009
Ageing Population and Conceptions in the EU                                                Ageing
The median age of the total population is likely to increase in all countries
without exception


                                     Median Age of the Total Population
                                               Sally, Sally, Sally




 •    The median age is projected to increase more than 15 years in Poland and Slovakia.
 •    In contrast, the median age is projected to increase less than 5 years in Luxembourg, the
      United Kingdom, Denmark, Metropolitan France, Sweden, Belgium and Finland.



Source: Eurostat, EUROPOP2008 convergence scenario
Ageing Population and Conceptions in the EU                                         Ageing
Old age dependency ratio is expected to increase for the whole group




      Projected Age Dependency Ratios for EU 27
 %


                                                         •Young age dependency ratio for
                                                         the EU27 population is projected to
                                                         rise moderately to 25.0% in 2060.
                                                         •Old age dependency ratio is
                                                         expected to increase substantially
                                                         from its current levels of 25.4% to
                                                         53.5% in 2060.




Source: Eurostat, EUROPOP2008 convergence scenario   :
Ageing Population and Conceptions in the EU                                        Ageing
 While old age dependency ratio is expected to increase for the whole group,
 individual countries are affected differently.




                                    Sally, Sally, Sally
   Old age dependency ratios for the EU member states, Norway       •In 2008, the old age
   and Switzerland, 2008-2060                                       dependency ratio in the new
                                                                    Member States is, relatively,
                                                                    lower or much lower than the
                                                                    EU27.
                                                                    •By 2060, with the exception
                                                                    of Cyprus, all new Member
                                                                    States are projected to
                                                                    experience higher increases in
                                                                    old-age dependency ratios
                                                                    than the EU27 as a whole as
                                                                    i.e. 28.1 percentage points.
                                                                    •Thus these countries, are
                                                                    expected to have old age
                                                                    dependency ratios higher than
                                                                    the EU27 and among the
                                                                    highest from the whole group
                                                                    of countries.


Source: Eurostat, EUROPOP2008 convergence scenario   :
Ageing Population and Conceptions in the EU                                                                                Ageing
Population Ageing in the EU in the Global Context




    Old age dependency ratios by main geographic area and for                                 •The share of the population of what
                                          Sally, Sally, Sally                                 is the EU today halved from about
    Selected countries in % in 1950, 2000 and 2050. People aged 65 or
    above relative to the working age population                                              15% of the world population in 1950
                                                                                              to 8% in 2000, and it is projected to
                                                                                              shrink to close to 5% in 2050.
                                                                                              •Sharper increases are projected
                                                                                              during the period 2000 to 2050
                                                                                              everywhere. The largest increases
                                                                                              are projected to take place in Japan
                                                                                              (by close to 50 p.p.), China and the
                                                                                              EU27 (by almost 30 p.p.).
                                                                                              •In 1950 the EU had the highest
                                                                                              old-age dependency ratio in the
                                                                                              world, close to that of the US, and
                                                                                              its increase has been the fastest
                                                                                              over the period 1950 to 2000, rising
                                                                                              by 10 percentage points.




                                                              :
Source:The United Nations Population Division produces global population projections revised every two years. The2008 Revision was released on 11
March 2009, in the European Commission and the Economic Policy Committee (2009), ‘Ageing Report 2009’ , European Economy, no 2/2009
Prevalence and Conceptions of Mental Health in the EU                                                                    Mental Health
 Mental health problems which arise in older age are diverse and wide ranging



 •     The kinds of mental health problems that arise in older age are enormously diverse. They can be
       classified as:

       -Severe and enduring problems that emerge during earlier stages of the life course and persist
       into old age, such as schizophrenia, depression or other psychoses.

       -Mental health problems that arise for the first time in later life for example most commonly
       depression and anxiety and dementia that becomes more prevalent with increasing age.

       -These problems do not only appear singly but often occur in combination, for example,
       depression and anxiety, depression and dementia, depression and alcohol misuse - and co-
       morbidity affects outcomes.

 •     The impact of ageing, including the cognitive, biomedical, physical, social and cultural aspects,
       can all contribute to the vulnerability to later life mental health problems.




Source: Institute of Health Sciences and Public Health Research, University of Bradford (2005) Prevention and Service Provision: Mental Health
Problems in Later Life
Prevalence and Conceptions of Mental Health in the EU                                                                    Mental Health
 The double disadvantage



 •     Older people with mental health problems face the dual stigma, from age and as a result of their
       mental illness.

 •     While there has been significant challenge to the stigma of mental illness with the introduction of a
       ‘disability perspective’ on mental health problems of ‘working age’ adults this has been less
       evident within policy and services for older people.

 •     Mental health promotion is a neglected area within the already neglected area of mental health
       services. Government policy has traditionally paid more attention to physical health than to mental
       health.

 •     There is a need to reverse the continued negative stereotyping and massive under-utilisation of
       older peoples mental capital: in order that the considerable mental resources of older people are
       recognised and unlocked for the benefit of themselves and society.

 •     While the interconnectivity between mental ill-health, social characteristics and social position has
       been explored in recent academic research, correlations between mental health, socio-economic
       situation, social exclusion and social capital as these relate to older people have yet to be
       meaningfully examined.


Source: Institute of Health Sciences and Public Health Research, University of Bradford (2005) Prevention and Service Provision: Mental Health
Problems in Later Life
Prevalence and Conceptions of Mental Health in the EU                                                                  Mental Health
An expected increase in mental illness




•    Differing definitions of mental health and limited harmonisation of data across the EU member
     states makes it difficult to assess and compare figures across the EU.
•    As the older population of the EU continues to expand, there will be a disproportionate increase in
     dementia, depression and mental illness.
•    Major depression is a relatively rare disease among older people, but when depressive
     syndromes are considered, these symptoms appear common among older people.
•    The prevalence of depressive syndromes ascertained by categorical diagnosis varies between
     7.9% and 26.9% across EU member states with the majority of studies giving results between 9
     and 15%.
•    The prevalence of depressive symptoms across the EU member states ranges from 6.4% in
     Germany to 6.1% in France.
•    Studies based on anxiety disorders are less common, estimates of prevalence vary from 2-10%,
     with anxiety disorders in people over 65 years ranging from 8.7% in Germany to 15.9% in France.




Source: De Girolama G, Alonso J, Vilagut (2000) European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders/Mental Health Disability: A
European Assessment
Definitions, Conceptions and Prevalence of Dementia in the EU                           Dementia




•     Dementia is characterised by loss of or decline in memory and other cognitive abilities. It is
      caused by various diseases and conditions that result in damaged brain cells.

•     Different types of dementia have been associated with distinct symptom patterns and
      distinguishing microscopic brain abnormalities. Increasing evidence from long-term
      epidemiological observation and autopsy studies suggests that many people have microscopic
      brain abnormalities associated with more than one type of dementia.

•     Dementia is a progressive condition. This means that the symptoms become more severe over
      time.

•     The symptoms of different types of dementia also overlap and can be further complicated by
      coexisting medical conditions.

•     Researchers are still working to find out more about the different types of dementia, and whether
      any have a genetic link. It is thought that many factors, including age, genetic background,
      medical history and lifestyle, can combine to lead to the onset of dementia.

•     Dementia can affect people of any age, but is most common in older people.

•     Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia.
Definitions, Conceptions and Prevalence of Dementia in the EU                                   Dementia
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia



  •   Alzheimer's disease, first described by the German neurologist Alois Alzheimer in 1906, is a
      physical disease affecting the brain.

  •   It is a disease in which a wealthy person becomes poor, as Esquirol said of his patients, and the
      way we look at them depends on the memories that we have of them and which they may no
      longer have or have hidden away elsewhere.

  •   During the course of the disease, 'plaques' and 'tangles' develop in the structure of the brain,
      leading to the death of brain cells. People with Alzheimer's also have a shortage of some
      important chemicals in their brains. These chemicals are involved with the transmission of
      messages within the brain. Alzheimer's is a progressive disease, which means that gradually, over
      time, more parts of the brain are damaged. As this happens, the symptoms become more severe.

  •   Alzheimer’s disease can affect different people in different ways, but the most common symptom
      pattern begins with gradually worsening difficulty in remembering new information. As damage
      spreads, individuals also experience confusion, disorganised thinking, impaired judgment, trouble
      expressing themselves and disorientation to time, space and location, which may lead to unsafe
      wandering and socially inappropriate behaviour.

  •   In advanced Alzheimer’s, people need help with bathing, dressing, using the bathroom, eating and
      other daily activities. Those in the final stages of the disease lose their ability to communicate, fail
      to recognise loved ones and become bed-bound and reliant on 24/7 care. Alzheimer’s disease is
      ultimately fatal.
Definitions, Conceptions and Prevalence of Dementia in the EU
Conceptions of dementia and the associative stigma attached varies across EU
                                                                                                                               Dementia
Member States, these are however slowly being challenged and redefined




        Stigmatising attitudes of                                                                                   Negative attitudes
             mental, health                                                                                          towards ageing
                                                    Conceptions of dementia – sits at the
                                                          intersection of the two
      A fear and lack of                                                                                     Pervasive negative attitudes
     understanding of mental illness                                                                        to ageing is the other aspect
     is one aspect of this stigma,                Gradually these conceptions are being                     of this stigma, cognitive
     in dementia this is associated               challenged and dementia is now being                      impairment such as memory
     with the appearance of                      increasingly reframed as a degenerative                    loss is often considered to be
     behaviour disturbance,                               neurological disorder                             an almost expected and
     delusions and hallucinations.                                                                          normal part of ageing.

     •In popular culture these
     symptoms have become to                      This change and an increasing push to
     define dementia itself and has              embed dementia in a dignity, equality and
     led to a disease model being                        human rights framework
     adopted by the public and by
     some professionals.
                                                    Will lead to a more equitable and just
                                                  response in service provision for all EU
                                                  citizens with dementia and their families




 Source: Iliffe, S et al (2005) Understanding obstacles to the recognition of and response to dementia in different European Countries
Definitions, Conceptions and Prevalence of Dementia in the EU                          Dementia
Types of Dementia and characteristics




  Source: Alzheimer’s Association US, (2009), ‘Alzheimer’s Disease Fact and Figures’
Definitions, Conceptions and Prevalence of Dementia in the EU                         Dementia
Types of Dementia and characteristics, continued.




 Source: Alzheimer’s Association US, (2009), ‘Alzheimer’s Disease Fact and Figures’
Definitions, Conceptions and Prevalence of Dementia in the EU                                                             Dementia
6.1 million people with dementia in European Union, with numbers expected to
double or treble by 2050.


                           Prevalence of dementia in the elderly in Europe by gender




  Source: Lobo et al, (2000), EURODEM group, Alzheimer’s Europe (2006): Dementia in Europe Yearbook, Ferri et al. (2006) Global prevalence
  of dementia: A Delphi consensus study. The Lancet, Vol 365, December17/24/31, 2005
Definitions, Conceptions and Prevalence of Dementia in the EU                  Dementia
One new person every seven seconds somewhere in the world has dementia and
over two-thirds of people are to be found in the developing countries.


                              Worldwide Prevalence of dementia by WHO region




 Source: Ferri et al (2005). The Lancet, Vol 366: 2112-2117
Definitions, Conceptions and Prevalence of Dementia in the EU                                                          Dementia
The Statistics




               Estimates for Prevalence of dementia (%) for each region and age group




  Source: Ferri CP, Prince M, Brayne C, et al.; Global prevalence of dementia: A Delphi Consensus Study, The Lancet,
  2005; 336:2112-2117
Definitions, Conceptions and Prevalence of Dementia in the EU                                                      Dementia
An estimated 25 million people with dementia and this number is set to double
every 20 years.



   Increase of dementia over the next 30 years                                  •     By 2020, there will be more than 40 million
                                                                                      people with the disease and by 2040, more
   in the 60+ population (in millions)                                                than 80 million.

                                                                                •     In the next 30 years in the population aged
                                                                                      60 or over, in Europe, as in many western
                                                                                      countries, the population will double, from
                                                                                      approximately 5 million to 10 million by
                                                                                      2040.

                                                                                •     There are similar figures for the US, North
                                                                                      America and Australia, which is on a lower
                                                                                      ratio.

                                                                                •     China will go from 6 million to 26 million and
                                                                                      with a one-child policy. By 2040, China and
                                                                                      India will have half the world’s population of
                                                                                      people with dementia.




  Source: Ferri et al (2005). The Lancet, Vol 366: 2112-2117, Brodaty, H (2008), UE2008.Fr
Impact of Dementia in the EU                                                                  Impact
 Dementia poses considerable medical, social and economic concerns as it
 impacts individuals, families and heath and social care systems


  •The impact of dementia presents a challenge to all EU member states, increasingly the
  discourse surrounding the impact is framed in relation to cost and consumption, rather than
  representing interventions as an investment in future health and social care.

  •The socio-economic impact of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease can be defined as
  being comprised of: deterioration of health and social welfare losses due to the illness, and
  the resources devoted to diminishing and preventing those welfare losses.

  •The components are measured in different units because welfare losses (anxiety,
  pain, suffering, stress and death of individuals and their families) cannot and should not be
  measured in monetary terms, whereas the value of resources used in health and social care are
  to a large extent easily measurable in monetary terms.

  •With the financial resources in the health care and social security systems under increasing
  stress and the predicted growth in the number of people with dementia the question on how to
  improve care and the cost-effectiveness of care will be critical.

  •The number of studies into the economic and social burden is limited, restricted to a few
  European countries and the situation in Eastern Europe is particularly under represented.




Source: Alzheimer Europe, (2008), Dementia in Europe Yearbook 2008
Impact of Dementia in the EU                                                                           Impact
 The cost of dementia in Europe



             Cost of illness in Europe (add eurossign billion) in 2005 for
                  Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia
                                                                                  Figures based on 14
                                                                                 papers selected as eligible
                                                                                 for a European cost model.
                                                                                 The key criteria was that
                                                                                 direct costs and informal
                                                                                 care costs could be
                                                                                 identified.
                                                                                 •The total cost of illness of
    Annual cost per person with dementia in Europe (add euro sign) in 2005 for   dementia disorders in EU27
                Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia
                                                                                 in 2005 was estimated at
                                                                                 €130 billion, of which 56%
                                                                                 were costs of informal care.
                                                                                 •The costs per person with
                                                                                 dementia in Europe was
                                                                                 estimated at €21,000 per
                                                                                 year.




Source: Alzheimer Europe, (2008), Dementia in Europe Yearbook 2008
Impact of Dementia in the EU                                                                                                Impact
 The cost of dementia in Europe compared to the rest of the world




               Global Cost of Dementia in billions US$


                                                                                                The highest costs were in
                                                                                               the USA, followed by Japan
                                                                                               and China.
                                                                                                77% of the world cost of
                                                                                               dementia was incurred in
                                                                                               the world’s most developed
                                                                                               countries.
                                                                                                 2/3 of people with dementia
                                                                                               live in developing countries,
                                                                                               while most costs are
                                                                                               incurred in the advanced
                                                                                               economies of the world.




Source: Wimo et al (2007) An estimate of the total worldwide costs of dementia in 2005 in Alzheimer’s and Dementia 3, 2007
Impact of Dementia in the EU                                                                                           Impact
 Increasing pressure on the funding of public services



       If we consider dementia to be part of the challenge of Europe’s ageing population, it is evident the
       need for public provision of services will increase. The fiscal impact of ageing is projected to be
       substantial in almost all Member States.

       Overall, on the basis of current policies, age-related public expenditure is projected to increase on
       average by about 4¾ percentage points of GDP by 2060 in the EU and by more than 5
       percentage points in the euro area – especially through pension, healthcare and long-term care
       spending.
       Demographic trends will push up public pension expenditure very significantly in all Member
       States, though there are notable differences in the impact of ageing across Member States:
       The increase in public spending will be very significant (7 percentage points of GDP or more) in
       nine EU Member States (Luxembourg, Greece, Slovenia, Cyprus, Malta, the Netherlands,
       Romania, Spain, and Ireland).
       For a second group of countries – Belgium, Finland, Czech Republic, Lithuania, Slovakia, the
       United Kingdom, Germany and Hungary – the cost of ageing is more limited, but still very high
       (from 4 to 7 percentage points of GDP).
       Finally, the increase is more moderate, 4 percentage points of GDP or less, in Bulgaria, Sweden,
       Portugal, Austria, France, Denmark, Italy, Latvia, Estonia and Poland.




Source: European Commission (2009): Communication on Dealing with the Impact of an Ageing Population in the EU (2009 Ageing Report)
Impact of Dementia in the EU                                                               Impact
 Increasing pressure on the funding of healthcare for older people


 •    It is almost impossible to identify health care expenditure that is exclusively targeted on people
      with dementia. However, we can look at developments and trends in health care more generally.

 •    The governments of all EU Member States are heavily involved in the financing, and in some
      cases in the provision, of health care. Consequently, health care spending is a major, and over
      time growing, source of fiscal pressure.

 •    As seen in the past trends, increases in spending on health care should be credited only to a
      limited degree to demographic or morbidity developments. Instead, policy decisions
      to expand access and improve quality, as a result of rising living standards and societal
      expectations, as well as technological progress, are the main factors driving expenditure up
      over the last decades.

 •    Similar trends are expected to occur in the future. Continuous change in the structure of the
      population is expected to have an impact on health care expenditure mainly through the parallel
      evolution in the health status of the population directly affecting demand for care.

 •    Healthcare systems in the EU are expected to face substantial challenges in the future. Public
      expenditure on health care is projected to grow by 1½ percentage points of GDP in the EU by
      2060. Although the 'old' Member States are still going to spend more for a couple of decades, the
      rates of growth is expected to be higher in the new Member States.



Source: European Commission (2009): The 2009 Ageing Report
Impact of Dementia in the EU                                                        Impact
Projected growing health care costs across the EU 27




   Results from different scenarios on health care in EU 27   •The impact of demographic
                                                              changes on public health
                                                              expenditure is projected to be
                                                              significant (an average (EU27)
                                                              increase from 6.7 to 8.4% of GDP),
                                                              although this is not as equally
                                                              pronounced across all countries.
                                                              •As expected, public expenditure
                                                              on health care calculated according
                                                              to the "constant health scenario" is
                                                              considerably lower than the
                                                              spending under the pure
                                                              demographic effect. It increases
                                                              from 6.7 to 7.5% of GDP for EU27,
                                                              thus the pure impact of
                                                              demographic change (1.7% of
                                                              GDP) is more than halved.




Source: European Commission (2009): The 2009 Ageing Report
Impact of Dementia in the EU                                                                  Impact
 Increasing pressure on the funding of long-term care for older people



 •    The governments of most EU Member States are involved in either the provision or financing
      of long-term care services, or often both, although the extent and nature of their involvement
      varies widely across countries.
 •    In the future, the demand for formal care services by the population is likely to grow substantially.
      The ageing of the population is expected to put pressure on resources demanded to provide long-
      term care services for the frail and elderly and the ratio of long-term care expenditure to GDP is
      expected to rise in the future.
 •    Some Member States rely heavily on the informal provision of long-term care and their
      expenditure on formal care is accordingly small, while other Member States provide extensive
      public services to the elderly and devote a significant share of GDP to fund their policies.
 •    Public expenditure on long-term care will be influenced by a range of factors including: the future
      numbers of elderly people, through changes in the population projections; the future numbers of
      dependent elderly people, the prevalence rates of dependency, the balance between formal and
      informal care provision, the balance between home (domiciliary) care and institutional care within
      the formal care system and the costs of care.
 •    Availability and access to formal care services will increasingly shape the welfare of elderly
      citizens and their families, including people with dementia and their carers.



Source: European Commission (2009): The 2009 Ageing Report
Impact of Dementia in the EU                                                      Impact
 Projected growing long-term care costs across the EU 27




   Projected expenditure on long-term care according to       An ageing population will place
        The different scenarios in EU 27, % of GDP           strong upward pressure on public
                                                             expenditure on long term care.
                                                              The projected changes in public
                                                             expenditure are very diverse
                                                             reflecting very different
                                                             approaches to the
                                                             provision/financing of formal care.
                                                              Countries with very low
                                                             projected increases in public
                                                             expenditure have very low current
                                                             levels of formal care provision.
                                                             Projections of age-related
                                                             expenditure increases are low as
                                                             their elderly citizens in need of
                                                             care currently rely on informal
                                                             care.




Source: European Commission (2009): The 2009 Ageing Report
Impact of Dementia in the EU                                                                                            Impact
The cost for carers: unpaid carers are the main source of care



 •     The majority of care for people with dementia is provided by unpaid carers, this includes families,
       friends or neighbours. Between 50% and 80% of patients with Alzheimer's disease are cared for at
       home, as the patient’s function deteriorates the burden on care givers increases.

 •     The coping mechanisms and resources of the carers can be severely tested, they face the
       potential of social isolation, mental and physical health problems, financial hardship and
       professional disadvantage.

 •     The contribution of unpaid carers represents a significant economic value - however policy
       makers and other stakeholders often treat informal care as a ‘free resource’. It entails significant
       economic costs for individuals and society. Economic analysis is primarily concerned with the
       opportunity costs of caring; i.e. what would have been done had an individual not been caring.

 •     The proportion of formal and informal care varies between countries as a result of how care is
       organised and financed, but also as a result of traditions and cultural aspects. It is fundamental to
       consider each country’s local prerequisites for dementia care. As a general rule, there is more
       formal care in countries in which the Gross National Product (GDP) is high.

 •     Population movement, changing family structures and working patterns are all set to influence
       care patterns.




Source: Alzheimer Europe (2006): Who cares? The state of dementia care in Europe, Alzheimer Europe, (2008), Dementia in Europe Yearbook
2008. Wimo et al (2007) An estimate of the total worlwide costs of dementia in 2005 in Alzheimer’s and Dementia 3, 2007.
Impact of Dementia in the EU                                                                               Impact
 Survey of unpaid carers highlights the need for improved advice and support




  The impact of carers: Hours per day caring                          A survey of 1181 carers of people with
         for a person with dementia                                 dementia in five European countries revealed
                                                                    that half of the carers were caring for more
                                                                    than 10 hours per day.
                                                                     Half felt they had received inadequate
                                                                    information on dementia when the person
                                                                    was diagnosed.
                                                                     Over half had access to services such as
                                                                    home care, day care or residential/nursing
                                                                    home care.
                                                                     Only 17% consider that the level of care for
                                                                    the elderly in their country was sufficient.




Source: Alzheimer Europe (2006): Who cares? The state of dementia care in Europe
Impact of Dementia in the EU                                                                          Impact
 Attitudes to formal and informal care across the EU




For each of the following statements regarding the care of the elderly,
    please tell me to what extent you agree or disagree? -% EU 27

                                                                                •93% of European citizens support
                                                                                the idea that public authorities
                                                                                should provide appropriate home
                                                                                care andor institutional care for
                                                                                elderly people in need.
                                                                                •89% feel that family carers should
                                                                                receive financial support from the
                                                                                state and be paid an income for
                                                                                their duties.
                                                                                •The majority of Europeans feel
                                                                                that paying into an insurance
                                                                                scheme that will finance care if
                                                                                and when care is needed should
                                                                                be obligatory (70%).




Source: Eurobarometer (2007): Health and Long-Term Care in the European Union
Dementia in EU Member States                                                                                  EU Member
                                                                                                                States
 The dynamics behind policy interventions




 •     The diagnosis, treatment and care of people with dementia in each European Union
       Member States is distinct, though certain commonalities in approach and outcomes
       are discernible.

 •     There are a number of issues in relation to dementia that influence the direction and
       course of policy interventions on dementia – these include:
         – The impact of demographic change on the numbers of people with the condition.
         – The need for better diagnosis; the negative, stigmatising attitudes on dementia.
         – Whether service systems are meeting the needs of individuals and families, and especially
           whether institutional services are appropriate.
         – The financing arrangements necessary to secure good quality service systems.
         – The roles of families and unpaid carers.
         – The need for better inter-agency arrangements to improve the efficiency.
         – Fairness and affordability of care systems.




Source: Knapp et al (2007) Dementia: International Comparisons, summary report for the National Audit Office
Dementia in EU Member States                                                                                  EU Member
                                                                                                                States
 Different system responses



 •     Prevalence rates for dementia vary relatively little from country to country, at least
       among high-income countries.

 •     However different health and social care systems:
        – Identify and diagnose dementia in different ways.
        – Identify and assess needs in sometimes distinct ways and at different levels.
        – Devote variable amounts of resources to meet those needs, and choose a variety
          of ways to deliver treatment and support, whether through formal services or by
          relying on families and other carers.

 •     Underlying financing mechanisms also vary. These include: variations in need,
       resource base.

 •     System response and financing arrangements arise for reasons that include:
       demographic pressures; socio-economic contexts; macroeconomic capabilities;
       societal attitudes; cultural and religious orientation; and the political commitment and
       policy priorities that flow from them.




Source: Knapp et al (2007) Dementia: International Comparisons, summary report for the National Audit Office
EU Member
 Dementia in EU Member States
                                                                                                                States
 Health and social care frameworks in EU Member States




 •     The needs of older people with dementia are complex, linked to their deteriorating
       health, specific mental health needs and their lack of autonomy.
 •     Some people with dementia require health care and some are more appropriately
       met by social care, although the boundaries between these needs are hard to draw.

 •     Different patterns of service provision have grown up in different countries, influenced
       by national culture, financing arrangements, bureaucratic procedures, social care
       workforce and the preferences of service users and families.

 •     The distinction between health and social care has significant implications both for
       what gets delivered and at what cost and for the balance of funding (if different
       eligibility criteria influence threshold levels of dependence, for instance).

 •     In turn, this could encourage cost shifting and the risk of people falling between two
       systems.

 •     This ambiguity between health and social care has implications for international
       comparisons of spending patterns and provision.



Source: Knapp et al (2007) Dementia: International Comparisons, summary report for the National Audit Office
Dementia in EU Member States                                                   EU Member
 The determination of the utilisation of health and social care systems in EU    States
 Member States




Source: Alzheimer’s Europe (2008) Dementia Year Book
Dementia in EU Member States                                                                                   EU Member
Inequalities in dementia diagnosis and care, from symptoms to diagnosis                                         States




 •     Across the EU fewer than 50% of people with dementia receive a diagnosis, there are
       however variations across the EU Member States.
 •     While there are few differences between countries in the underlying prevalence of
       dementia, there are marked differences in the rate of diagnosis.

 •     There is a general consensus that diagnosis should be made as early as possible.
       Early intervention is widely considered to be cost-effective, the ‘spend to save’ adage.

 •     There is a widespread reticence among primary care doctors to make the diagnosis
       of dementia in their patients. The stigma that primary care staff attached to dementia
       appears to inhibit referrals for diagnostic assessment.

 •     The large majority of people with dementia either do not receive a specialist diagnosis
       at any time in their illness or do so only late in the disorder or at a time of crisis.

 •     The rate of diagnosis will affect the individual’s access to treatment and care.




Source: Knapp et al (2007) Dementia: International Comparisons, summary report for the National Audit Office
Dementia in EU Member States                                                                                                  EU Member
Inequalities in dementia diagnosis and care, from symptoms to diagnosis                                                        States




                   Months between first symptoms                                             •There are a range of different
                   and diagnosis                                                             systems at the national and local
                                                                                             level with regard to diagnosis, these
                                                                                             include: memory clinics and specialist
                                                                                             old age psychiatry services.
                                                                                             •Diagnosis and treatment might also
                                                                                             be carried out by a geriatrician, a
                                                                                             neurologist (sub-specialties of general
                                                                                             medicine) or a GP.
                                                                                             •Who takes the lead in other
                                                                                             countries depends on the
                                                                                             development of national health care
                                                                                             systems, and professional capacity,
                                                                                             interests and financial benefits.




Source: International Journal of Clinical Practice (2005) Inequalities in dementia care across Europe, Text: Knapp et al (2007) Dementia:
International Comparisons, summary report for the National Audit Office
EU Member
 Dementia in EU Member States
                                                                                                                States
 There are a number of approaches to the funding of health and social care



 •     There are a number of approaches to the funding of health care (Mossialos et al
       2002) and of long-term care for older people (Wittenberg et al. 2002). These can be
       grouped into four main categories:

 •     Out-of-pocket payments by service user or family (‘user charges’), including from
       release of housing equity.
 •     Voluntary insurance, sometimes called private insurance.
 •     Tax-based support, funded from direct and/or indirect taxes, and with services
       provided on the basis of need.
 •     Social insurance with services provided on the basis of need.

 •     Most countries rely on more than one financing approach, often even within a single
       service system.

 •     Many countries are increasing the resources they devote to long-term care and also
       contemplating the future funding of long-term care in the face of rising demand.




Source: Knapp et al (2007) Dementia: International Comparisons, summary report for the National Audit Office
EU Member
 Dementia in EU Member States
                                                                                                                States
 Comparisons in long-term care funding in an international context




              Public and private expenditure on long-term care as a percentage of GDP 2000




Source: Knapp et al (2007) Dementia: International Comparisons, summary report for the National Audit Office
EU Member
 Dementia in EU Member States                                                                                   States
 Different patterns of service provision




 •     Individuals with dementia may require health and/or social care, depending on the needs of the
       individual through the progression of the disease.

 •     The boundaries between health and social care are sometimes hard to distinguish: influenced by
       national culture, financing arrangements, bureaucratic procedures, availability of skilled staff and
       to a lesser extent the preferences of service users and families.

 •     The distinction between health and social care has potentially significant implications both for
       what gets delivered and at what cost and for the balance of funding.

 •     The most important provider of care for older people is the informal/unpaid sector, carers can be
       family, friends or neighbours. Community groups also offer support. Particularly in the early and
       middle stages of the disease, carers provide the majority of support to the individual.

 •     It is often in the later stages that individuals then encounter formal health and social care support
       systems, often in the form of residential/institutional care. As the severity of dementia increases,
       social care becomes relatively more important than medical care, except perhaps at the very end
       of life.




Source: Knapp et al (2007) Dementia: International Comparisons, summary report for the National Audit Office
EU Member
 Dementia in EU Member States
                                                                                                                         States
 Comparisons in care home provision in an international context




 Sources: Moise et al. (2004, p. 43), OECD (2005, p. 41), Eurofamcare (p. 88 et seq.), Gibson et al. (2003), national
 statistics for UK countries.

Source: Knapp et al (2007) Dementia: International Comparisons, summary report for the National Audit Office
Dementia in EU Member States                                                                                  EU Member
 Comparisons in home based and community provision in an international                                          States
 context




   Sources: Moise et al. (2004), OECD (2005), Eurofamcare (2004), Gibson et al (2003), IMERSO (2006)




Source: Knapp et al (2007) Dementia: International Comparisons, summary report for the National Audit Office
EU Member
 Dementia in EU Member States
                                                                                                                States
 Current trends and challenges in service provision



 •     In many EU Member States dementia is emerging as a policy priority, partly accountable to the
       current and projected figures on ageing populations.

 •     There is a growing consensus across European networks that developing national action plans on
       dementia is the ‘gold standard’ of policy interventions.

 •     The EU Member States with action plans or variants of include: France, the UK, Norway, the
       Netherlands and Italy.

 •     The impetus for such actions derives from a range of actions and actors, including: high level
       champions, as in the case of President Sarkozy in France and the growing prominence and
       weight of campaigning charities. A key part of these action plans are often dementia specific
       health and social care programmes.

 •     Dementia specific actions or programmes are not in themselves a panacea, particularly if wider
       support systems and structures in the health and social care arena are not in place.




Source: Knapp et al (2007) Dementia: International Comparisons, summary report for the National Audit Office
European Union Current Actions on Dementia                                                                              EU Actions
 The role of the EU




 •     Health and social services are mainly within the responsibility of Member States.

 •     Article 152 of the Amsterdam Treaty recognises an emerging role for the EU due to an increasing
       convergence of health care systems across Member States.

 •     The Amsterdam Treaty states that: ‘a high level of human health protection shall be ensured in the
       definition and implementation of all Community policies and activities’.

 •     Proposals in other key areas of Community activity such a the internal market, social affairs,
       research and development, agriculture, trade and development policy, environment, etc, are now
       all linked to the promotion of health protection.

 •     The European Commission has now ample scope for direct intervention in healthcare matters, in
       areas such as standardisation of indicators, infra-structural development for data exchange,
       stimulation of exchanges on evidence-based developments and best practices, and promoting
       quality benchmarks and supporting networking for greater coordination among different national
       and international groups.



Source: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (2004) Sector Futures: Policy and Actions for a Healthy
Europe
European Union Current Actions on Dementia                                                                              EU Actions
 The basis for action of the EU




 •     The Work Plan for 2005 for the Implementation of the programme of Community action in the field of public health
       (2003-2008) included for the first time a specific reference to the need for information and definition of indicators
       on the prevalence, treatments, risk factors, risk reduction strategies, cost of illness and social support as well as
       what constitutes a ‘healthy brain lifestyle’ related to Alzheimer disease (AD) and other dementias.

 •     The White Paper COM (2007) 630 ‘Together for Health: A Strategic Approach for the EU 2008-2013’ of Oct 2007
       as part of developing the EU Health Strategy also indentified the need for a better understanding of
       neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s.

 •     The Council adopted on December 2008 the Council Conclusions on public health strategies to combat
       neurodegenerative diseases associated with ageing and in particular Alzheimer's disease. This called on Member
       States and the Commission to recognise Alzheimer’s disease as a priority for action in the context of the ageing of
       the EU's population.

 •     More recently the Commission adopted on 22nd July 2009 the Communication from the Commission COM (2009)
       380/4 to the European Parliament and the Council on a European initiative on Alzheimer’s disease and other
       dementias. The EU would support national efforts in four key areas: prevention, including measures to promote
       mental well-being, and support early diagnosis, coordinating research across Europe, spreading best practice for
       treatment and care and developing a common approach to ethical questions – rights, autonomy, and dignity of
       people with dementia.

       .

Source: European Commission (2009) , http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_information/dissemination/diseases/alzheimer_en.htm
,
European Union Current Actions on Dementia                                                                            EU Actions
 European Initiatives to take into account




 •     The Directive on patients’ rights in cross border health care – the proposal concerns the free movement of patients
       and their access to health care.

 •     The adoption in 2008 of the European Pact for Mental Health and well-being as a symbol of the determination to
       exchange and work together on mental health opportunities and challenges related to older populations.

 •     The report on Long Term Care adopted by the Social Protection Committee (July 2008) under the Open Method of
       Communication (OMC) containing certain provisions related to health care.

 •     The conclusions of the project EuroCoDe (European Collaboration on Dementia), this project examined the
       EURODEM data taking into account studies performed in the last 20 years looking at dementia prevalence and
       pooled these in a collaborative analysis.


 •     April 2009, Trakatellis report on the Council recommendations in the field of rare diseases, this aims to encourage
       Member States to create specific training for professionals and compile a catalogue of experts on rare diseases.

 •     Anti-Discrimination Directive – the directive is intended to reduce discrimination on grounds of religion, or belief,
       age, disability or sexual orientation. MEPs want the directive to cover transport, telecommunications, information,
       financial services, culture and leisure.




Source:Source: European Commission (2009) , http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_information/dissemination/diseases/alzheimer_en.htm
European Union Current Actions on Dementia                                                                            EU Actions
 The role of the EU in research



 •     One of the most widely recognised roles of the EU with regard to dementia is in the field of research. There is a
       growing consensus on the value of pooling and coordinating research activity and agendas on dementia. The EU is
       perceived by many to be instrumental in supporting dementia research initiatives to produce new treatments,
       preventions and possible cures for the set of diseases.

 •     The Sixth and Seventh Framework Programme has been critical in this respect.

 •     FP6 (2002 06) offered ambitious and varied funding schemes and instruments for research on Alzheimer's disease,
       mostly under "life sciences, genomics and biotechnology for health" (with a clear focus on genomics).

 •     FP7 (2007–13) offers an even wider range of funding opportunities for Alzheimer's disease research at EU level.
       Emphasis is on research, taking knowledge from lab bench to bedside, and on the development of new drug
       targets. Public health, including mental health, is a new area of research. FP7 includes three new funding schemes
       to fill the gaps left by FP6: the European Research Council (ERC), the Joint Technology Initiatives (JTI) and the
       ERA-NET plus.

 •     The Competitiveness Council adopted on September 2008 Council Conclusions on a common commitment by the
       Member States to combat neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s, recommending the launch of a
       European initiative bringing together Member States, the Commission and other stakeholders with a view to not
       only mobilise and maintain available researchers in Europe , but also to train sufficient numbers of new specialists
       in order to reduce the impact of the neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's.

       .

Source:Source: European Commission (2009) , http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_information/dissemination/diseases/alzheimer_en.htm
European Union Current Actions on Dementia                                                                            EU Actions
 The role of the EU in research -continued



 •     As a consequence of the Competitiveness Council decision on September 2008 a proposal for a Council
       Recommendation on measures to combat neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer’s through Joint
       Programming of research activities was adopted on 22nd July 2009.

 •     The long awaited Joint Programming Initiative invites Member States to work towards a common vision of how
       research cooperation and coordination at European level can help to understand, detect, prevent and combat ND,
       especially AD, and develop a Strategic Research Agenda (SRA).

 •     Areas of Joint Programming might include: exchanging information on national programmes, research activities
       and health care systems, identifying areas which would benefit from coordination, joint calls or the pooling of
       resources, facilitating transdisciplinary and cross-sectoral mobility and training;and exploring the joint exploitation
       of research infrastructures and the networking of research centres.

 •     The Recommendation also invites Member States to cooperate with the Commission with a view to exploring
       possible Commission initiatives, using the facilities provided by the existing instruments, to assist Member States
       in developing and implementing the common research agenda or to promote JP in this area.

 •     The European Commission also launched a joint research and innovation programme with 23 European countries
       on ICT products and services for ageing well and large scale pilot projects with regions addressing ICT solutions
       for elderly people with cognitive problems and mild dementia and as well as their carers




       .
Source:Source: European Commission (2009) , http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_information/dissemination/diseases/alzheimer_en.htm
European Union Current Actions on Dementia                                                                           EU Actions
The role of research on neurodegeneration at the EU level




 Source: European Commission (Oct 2008) French Presidency Conference on ‘The Fight Against Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders
European Union Current Actions on Dementia                    EU Actions
Funding of Neurodegenerative Diseases- Areas covered in FP6
European Union Current Actions on Dementia                    EU Actions
Funding of Neurodegenerative Diseases- Areas covered in FP7
European Union Current Actions on Dementia –                                                      FP7 and            EU Actions
Brain Research




 Source: European Commission (Oct 2008) French Presidency Conference on ‘The Fight Against Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders
European Union Current Actions on Dementia –                                                      FP7 and             EU Actions
Brain Research




 Source: European Commission (Oct 2008) French Presidency Conference on ‘The Fight Against Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders
Conclusion                                                                              Conclusion




•   The ageing population across Europe is a testament to our success as a society and advances in
    health, wealth and lifestyle.

•   In the presence of such a shift in the age of our population, society must adapt to and respond to
    the challenges and opportunities this presents.

•   Commensurate with population ageing the number of people with dementia across the EU is set
    to increase, how Member States respond to this challenge is critical.

•   Dementia is emerging as a policy priority in many of the EU Institutions and in many European
    Member States.

•   How each Member States responds to dementia with regard to systems and structures is distinct
    and unique, however there are growing commonalities in approach.

•   While health and social care are seen as traditionally the exclusive preserve of EU Member
    States, given the continuous convergence of health systems across the EU, it is now recognised
    there is an emerging role for the EU.

•   The European Union Institutions are ideally situated to foster, promote and stimulate collaboration
    through its legislative and non-legislative actions and initiatives.

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

Economics of an Ageing Population
Economics of an Ageing PopulationEconomics of an Ageing Population
Economics of an Ageing Populationtutor2u
 
Later life 2011 - National and International trends
Later life 2011 - National and International trendsLater life 2011 - National and International trends
Later life 2011 - National and International trendsAge UK
 
Population ageing and longer lives: Global triumph, global challenge
Population ageing and longer lives: Global triumph, global challengePopulation ageing and longer lives: Global triumph, global challenge
Population ageing and longer lives: Global triumph, global challengeHelpAge International
 
Ageing in India: Concerns and Challenges
Ageing in India: Concerns and ChallengesAgeing in India: Concerns and Challenges
Ageing in India: Concerns and ChallengesDr. Nidhi Mishra
 
Ben Franklin - Future of Ageing Conference - Austerity and Health
Ben Franklin - Future of Ageing Conference - Austerity and HealthBen Franklin - Future of Ageing Conference - Austerity and Health
Ben Franklin - Future of Ageing Conference - Austerity and HealthILC- UK
 
Medico social problems of elderly
Medico social problems of elderlyMedico social problems of elderly
Medico social problems of elderlyNaveen Phuyal
 
Crimson Publishers-Aging as a Social Problem in Asia: A Sociological Assessment
Crimson Publishers-Aging as a Social Problem in Asia: A Sociological AssessmentCrimson Publishers-Aging as a Social Problem in Asia: A Sociological Assessment
Crimson Publishers-Aging as a Social Problem in Asia: A Sociological AssessmentCrimsonPublishersGGS
 
P aging population challenges china
P aging population challenges chinaP aging population challenges china
P aging population challenges chinaKhanhHoa Tran
 
29Oct14 - ILC Global Alliance Ageing and Mobility Symposium
29Oct14 - ILC Global Alliance Ageing and Mobility Symposium29Oct14 - ILC Global Alliance Ageing and Mobility Symposium
29Oct14 - ILC Global Alliance Ageing and Mobility SymposiumILC- UK
 
02Nov15 - Drink Wise Age Well programme launch
02Nov15 - Drink Wise Age Well programme launch02Nov15 - Drink Wise Age Well programme launch
02Nov15 - Drink Wise Age Well programme launchILC- UK
 
Pension Commission: 10 Years On
Pension Commission: 10 Years OnPension Commission: 10 Years On
Pension Commission: 10 Years OnILC- UK
 
Government Policy, Schemes, Law for Senior Citizens in India
Government Policy, Schemes, Law for Senior Citizens in India Government Policy, Schemes, Law for Senior Citizens in India
Government Policy, Schemes, Law for Senior Citizens in India Sailesh Mishra
 
Elderly care-in-india-changing-perspectives
Elderly care-in-india-changing-perspectivesElderly care-in-india-changing-perspectives
Elderly care-in-india-changing-perspectivesSANJAY SIR
 
Maximising the potential of the UK's ageing population. Lessons from Asia and...
Maximising the potential of the UK's ageing population. Lessons from Asia and...Maximising the potential of the UK's ageing population. Lessons from Asia and...
Maximising the potential of the UK's ageing population. Lessons from Asia and...ILC- UK
 
Global Alliance webinar: Why gender matters - Exploring the impact of gender ...
Global Alliance webinar: Why gender matters - Exploring the impact of gender ...Global Alliance webinar: Why gender matters - Exploring the impact of gender ...
Global Alliance webinar: Why gender matters - Exploring the impact of gender ...ILC- UK
 
Geriatric health
Geriatric healthGeriatric health
Geriatric healthNik Ronaidi
 
Social Connections and Wellbeing in Later Life
Social Connections and Wellbeing in Later LifeSocial Connections and Wellbeing in Later Life
Social Connections and Wellbeing in Later LifeILC- UK
 
Faith in a rapidly ageing society
Faith in a rapidly ageing societyFaith in a rapidly ageing society
Faith in a rapidly ageing societyILC- UK
 
Ben Franklin - Older Workers in the Eurozone
Ben Franklin - Older Workers in the EurozoneBen Franklin - Older Workers in the Eurozone
Ben Franklin - Older Workers in the EurozoneILC- UK
 

La actualidad más candente (20)

Economics of an Ageing Population
Economics of an Ageing PopulationEconomics of an Ageing Population
Economics of an Ageing Population
 
Later life 2011 - National and International trends
Later life 2011 - National and International trendsLater life 2011 - National and International trends
Later life 2011 - National and International trends
 
Population ageing and longer lives: Global triumph, global challenge
Population ageing and longer lives: Global triumph, global challengePopulation ageing and longer lives: Global triumph, global challenge
Population ageing and longer lives: Global triumph, global challenge
 
Ageing in India: Concerns and Challenges
Ageing in India: Concerns and ChallengesAgeing in India: Concerns and Challenges
Ageing in India: Concerns and Challenges
 
Elderly Care
Elderly CareElderly Care
Elderly Care
 
Ben Franklin - Future of Ageing Conference - Austerity and Health
Ben Franklin - Future of Ageing Conference - Austerity and HealthBen Franklin - Future of Ageing Conference - Austerity and Health
Ben Franklin - Future of Ageing Conference - Austerity and Health
 
Medico social problems of elderly
Medico social problems of elderlyMedico social problems of elderly
Medico social problems of elderly
 
Crimson Publishers-Aging as a Social Problem in Asia: A Sociological Assessment
Crimson Publishers-Aging as a Social Problem in Asia: A Sociological AssessmentCrimson Publishers-Aging as a Social Problem in Asia: A Sociological Assessment
Crimson Publishers-Aging as a Social Problem in Asia: A Sociological Assessment
 
P aging population challenges china
P aging population challenges chinaP aging population challenges china
P aging population challenges china
 
29Oct14 - ILC Global Alliance Ageing and Mobility Symposium
29Oct14 - ILC Global Alliance Ageing and Mobility Symposium29Oct14 - ILC Global Alliance Ageing and Mobility Symposium
29Oct14 - ILC Global Alliance Ageing and Mobility Symposium
 
02Nov15 - Drink Wise Age Well programme launch
02Nov15 - Drink Wise Age Well programme launch02Nov15 - Drink Wise Age Well programme launch
02Nov15 - Drink Wise Age Well programme launch
 
Pension Commission: 10 Years On
Pension Commission: 10 Years OnPension Commission: 10 Years On
Pension Commission: 10 Years On
 
Government Policy, Schemes, Law for Senior Citizens in India
Government Policy, Schemes, Law for Senior Citizens in India Government Policy, Schemes, Law for Senior Citizens in India
Government Policy, Schemes, Law for Senior Citizens in India
 
Elderly care-in-india-changing-perspectives
Elderly care-in-india-changing-perspectivesElderly care-in-india-changing-perspectives
Elderly care-in-india-changing-perspectives
 
Maximising the potential of the UK's ageing population. Lessons from Asia and...
Maximising the potential of the UK's ageing population. Lessons from Asia and...Maximising the potential of the UK's ageing population. Lessons from Asia and...
Maximising the potential of the UK's ageing population. Lessons from Asia and...
 
Global Alliance webinar: Why gender matters - Exploring the impact of gender ...
Global Alliance webinar: Why gender matters - Exploring the impact of gender ...Global Alliance webinar: Why gender matters - Exploring the impact of gender ...
Global Alliance webinar: Why gender matters - Exploring the impact of gender ...
 
Geriatric health
Geriatric healthGeriatric health
Geriatric health
 
Social Connections and Wellbeing in Later Life
Social Connections and Wellbeing in Later LifeSocial Connections and Wellbeing in Later Life
Social Connections and Wellbeing in Later Life
 
Faith in a rapidly ageing society
Faith in a rapidly ageing societyFaith in a rapidly ageing society
Faith in a rapidly ageing society
 
Ben Franklin - Older Workers in the Eurozone
Ben Franklin - Older Workers in the EurozoneBen Franklin - Older Workers in the Eurozone
Ben Franklin - Older Workers in the Eurozone
 

Destacado

Introduction to sl4 a
Introduction to sl4 aIntroduction to sl4 a
Introduction to sl4 alouieuser
 
Towards a New Pensions Commission
Towards a New Pensions CommissionTowards a New Pensions Commission
Towards a New Pensions CommissionILC- UK
 
2012 Ford Mustang For Sale NE | Ford Dealer Nebraska
2012 Ford Mustang For Sale NE | Ford Dealer Nebraska2012 Ford Mustang For Sale NE | Ford Dealer Nebraska
2012 Ford Mustang For Sale NE | Ford Dealer NebraskaSidDillon Crete
 
TNS Aisa - Češi v síti - Advertising Conference 2012 - IAC
TNS Aisa - Češi v síti - Advertising Conference 2012 - IACTNS Aisa - Češi v síti - Advertising Conference 2012 - IAC
TNS Aisa - Češi v síti - Advertising Conference 2012 - IACTomas Pflanzer
 
2012 Debit Issuer Study Key Findings: Despite New Regulation, Debit Continues...
2012 Debit Issuer Study Key Findings: Despite New Regulation, Debit Continues...2012 Debit Issuer Study Key Findings: Despite New Regulation, Debit Continues...
2012 Debit Issuer Study Key Findings: Despite New Regulation, Debit Continues...NAFCU Services Corporation
 
Infezioni delle vie urinarie nello studio del medico di famiglia
Infezioni delle vie urinarie nello studio del medico di famigliaInfezioni delle vie urinarie nello studio del medico di famiglia
Infezioni delle vie urinarie nello studio del medico di famigliaGiovanni Pagana
 
Long term care funding in the UK: The Dilnot Commission and the co-existence ...
Long term care funding in the UK: The Dilnot Commission and the co-existence ...Long term care funding in the UK: The Dilnot Commission and the co-existence ...
Long term care funding in the UK: The Dilnot Commission and the co-existence ...ILC- UK
 
17Jul14 - ILC-UK Factpack Launch
17Jul14 - ILC-UK Factpack Launch17Jul14 - ILC-UK Factpack Launch
17Jul14 - ILC-UK Factpack LaunchILC- UK
 
New week 4
New week 4New week 4
New week 4nglaze10
 
RenEWL 16Jul14 - Brian Beach presentation
RenEWL 16Jul14 - Brian Beach presentationRenEWL 16Jul14 - Brian Beach presentation
RenEWL 16Jul14 - Brian Beach presentationILC- UK
 
цахим 2в
цахим 2вцахим 2в
цахим 2вZaya80
 
Facebook cheating pecha kucha
Facebook cheating pecha kuchaFacebook cheating pecha kucha
Facebook cheating pecha kuchaashleymannes
 

Destacado (20)

Physiotherapy in Active Ageing
Physiotherapy in Active AgeingPhysiotherapy in Active Ageing
Physiotherapy in Active Ageing
 
Human ageing process
Human ageing processHuman ageing process
Human ageing process
 
K soft corporate
K soft corporateK soft corporate
K soft corporate
 
Introduction to sl4 a
Introduction to sl4 aIntroduction to sl4 a
Introduction to sl4 a
 
Towards a New Pensions Commission
Towards a New Pensions CommissionTowards a New Pensions Commission
Towards a New Pensions Commission
 
2012 Ford Mustang For Sale NE | Ford Dealer Nebraska
2012 Ford Mustang For Sale NE | Ford Dealer Nebraska2012 Ford Mustang For Sale NE | Ford Dealer Nebraska
2012 Ford Mustang For Sale NE | Ford Dealer Nebraska
 
iTeller Preview
iTeller PreviewiTeller Preview
iTeller Preview
 
TNS Aisa - Češi v síti - Advertising Conference 2012 - IAC
TNS Aisa - Češi v síti - Advertising Conference 2012 - IACTNS Aisa - Češi v síti - Advertising Conference 2012 - IAC
TNS Aisa - Češi v síti - Advertising Conference 2012 - IAC
 
Unit 4.6
Unit 4.6Unit 4.6
Unit 4.6
 
2012 Debit Issuer Study Key Findings: Despite New Regulation, Debit Continues...
2012 Debit Issuer Study Key Findings: Despite New Regulation, Debit Continues...2012 Debit Issuer Study Key Findings: Despite New Regulation, Debit Continues...
2012 Debit Issuer Study Key Findings: Despite New Regulation, Debit Continues...
 
Infezioni delle vie urinarie nello studio del medico di famiglia
Infezioni delle vie urinarie nello studio del medico di famigliaInfezioni delle vie urinarie nello studio del medico di famiglia
Infezioni delle vie urinarie nello studio del medico di famiglia
 
Long term care funding in the UK: The Dilnot Commission and the co-existence ...
Long term care funding in the UK: The Dilnot Commission and the co-existence ...Long term care funding in the UK: The Dilnot Commission and the co-existence ...
Long term care funding in the UK: The Dilnot Commission and the co-existence ...
 
17Jul14 - ILC-UK Factpack Launch
17Jul14 - ILC-UK Factpack Launch17Jul14 - ILC-UK Factpack Launch
17Jul14 - ILC-UK Factpack Launch
 
2.5 notes
2.5 notes2.5 notes
2.5 notes
 
New week 4
New week 4New week 4
New week 4
 
1.5 7th
1.5 7th1.5 7th
1.5 7th
 
RenEWL 16Jul14 - Brian Beach presentation
RenEWL 16Jul14 - Brian Beach presentationRenEWL 16Jul14 - Brian Beach presentation
RenEWL 16Jul14 - Brian Beach presentation
 
цахим 2в
цахим 2вцахим 2в
цахим 2в
 
Facebook cheating pecha kucha
Facebook cheating pecha kuchaFacebook cheating pecha kucha
Facebook cheating pecha kucha
 
8.1
8.18.1
8.1
 

Similar a A problem shared is a problem halved? Evidence report on dementia in europe

Preventive medicine and geriatrics
Preventive medicine and geriatricsPreventive medicine and geriatrics
Preventive medicine and geriatricsJayaramachandran S
 
IMPACT OF COVID 19 ON HEALTH CARE POLICY.pptx
IMPACT OF COVID 19 ON HEALTH CARE POLICY.pptxIMPACT OF COVID 19 ON HEALTH CARE POLICY.pptx
IMPACT OF COVID 19 ON HEALTH CARE POLICY.pptxOlufemiOlowookere2
 
Epidemiology impact of aging
Epidemiology impact of agingEpidemiology impact of aging
Epidemiology impact of agingEusivia Pasi
 
Geriatric health needs and gaps
Geriatric health  needs and gapsGeriatric health  needs and gaps
Geriatric health needs and gapsBireshwar Sinha
 
Aging Population A Growing Challenge
Aging Population A Growing ChallengeAging Population A Growing Challenge
Aging Population A Growing ChallengeTiffany Carpenter
 
Population change revision
Population change revisionPopulation change revision
Population change revisioncpugh5345
 
Age Platform Conference - 4Dec14
Age Platform Conference - 4Dec14Age Platform Conference - 4Dec14
Age Platform Conference - 4Dec14ILC- UK
 
National Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthU..docx
National Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthU..docxNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthU..docx
National Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthU..docxvannagoforth
 
The Role Of An Aging Population In The United States
The Role Of An Aging Population In The United StatesThe Role Of An Aging Population In The United States
The Role Of An Aging Population In The United StatesAshley Lovato
 
Age UK - Later Life 2012
Age UK - Later Life 2012Age UK - Later Life 2012
Age UK - Later Life 2012Age UK
 
Let's get rid of Ageism
Let's get rid of AgeismLet's get rid of Ageism
Let's get rid of AgeismAlison Clyde
 
The future ageing of the ethnic minority population of England and Wales
The future ageing of the ethnic minority population of England and WalesThe future ageing of the ethnic minority population of England and Wales
The future ageing of the ethnic minority population of England and WalesThink Ethnic
 
Old habits die hard workshop -sue eley
Old habits die hard   workshop -sue eleyOld habits die hard   workshop -sue eley
Old habits die hard workshop -sue eleySWF
 
Demographic transition and its relation to NCD
Demographic transition and its relation to NCDDemographic transition and its relation to NCD
Demographic transition and its relation to NCDBSMMU
 
ILC-UK Future of Ageing Conference
ILC-UK Future of Ageing ConferenceILC-UK Future of Ageing Conference
ILC-UK Future of Ageing ConferenceILC- UK
 

Similar a A problem shared is a problem halved? Evidence report on dementia in europe (20)

Preventive medicine and geriatrics
Preventive medicine and geriatricsPreventive medicine and geriatrics
Preventive medicine and geriatrics
 
IMPACT OF COVID 19 ON HEALTH CARE POLICY.pptx
IMPACT OF COVID 19 ON HEALTH CARE POLICY.pptxIMPACT OF COVID 19 ON HEALTH CARE POLICY.pptx
IMPACT OF COVID 19 ON HEALTH CARE POLICY.pptx
 
Epidemiology impact of aging
Epidemiology impact of agingEpidemiology impact of aging
Epidemiology impact of aging
 
SOC108 Topic 10
SOC108 Topic 10SOC108 Topic 10
SOC108 Topic 10
 
Geriatric health needs and gaps
Geriatric health  needs and gapsGeriatric health  needs and gaps
Geriatric health needs and gaps
 
Aging Population A Growing Challenge
Aging Population A Growing ChallengeAging Population A Growing Challenge
Aging Population A Growing Challenge
 
Population change revision
Population change revisionPopulation change revision
Population change revision
 
Age Platform Conference - 4Dec14
Age Platform Conference - 4Dec14Age Platform Conference - 4Dec14
Age Platform Conference - 4Dec14
 
Care of the elderly
Care of the elderlyCare of the elderly
Care of the elderly
 
National Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthU..docx
National Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthU..docxNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthU..docx
National Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthU..docx
 
The Role Of An Aging Population In The United States
The Role Of An Aging Population In The United StatesThe Role Of An Aging Population In The United States
The Role Of An Aging Population In The United States
 
Aging
Aging Aging
Aging
 
Age UK - Later Life 2012
Age UK - Later Life 2012Age UK - Later Life 2012
Age UK - Later Life 2012
 
Let's get rid of Ageism
Let's get rid of AgeismLet's get rid of Ageism
Let's get rid of Ageism
 
The future ageing of the ethnic minority population of England and Wales
The future ageing of the ethnic minority population of England and WalesThe future ageing of the ethnic minority population of England and Wales
The future ageing of the ethnic minority population of England and Wales
 
Old habits die hard workshop -sue eley
Old habits die hard   workshop -sue eleyOld habits die hard   workshop -sue eley
Old habits die hard workshop -sue eley
 
Demographic transition and its relation to NCD
Demographic transition and its relation to NCDDemographic transition and its relation to NCD
Demographic transition and its relation to NCD
 
ILC-UK Future of Ageing Conference
ILC-UK Future of Ageing ConferenceILC-UK Future of Ageing Conference
ILC-UK Future of Ageing Conference
 
Elderly issues in pakistan
Elderly issues in pakistanElderly issues in pakistan
Elderly issues in pakistan
 
Demography and the Market
Demography and the MarketDemography and the Market
Demography and the Market
 

Más de ILC- UK

06Mar24 Mental health EU roundtable slides.pptx
06Mar24 Mental health EU roundtable slides.pptx06Mar24 Mental health EU roundtable slides.pptx
06Mar24 Mental health EU roundtable slides.pptxILC- UK
 
06March24 ILC Europe Network slides.pptx
06March24 ILC Europe Network slides.pptx06March24 ILC Europe Network slides.pptx
06March24 ILC Europe Network slides.pptxILC- UK
 
Redefining lifelong learning webinar presentation slides.pptx
Redefining lifelong learning webinar presentation slides.pptxRedefining lifelong learning webinar presentation slides.pptx
Redefining lifelong learning webinar presentation slides.pptxILC- UK
 
Painfully unaware: Improving older people’s understanding of shingles vaccina...
Painfully unaware: Improving older people’s understanding of shingles vaccina...Painfully unaware: Improving older people’s understanding of shingles vaccina...
Painfully unaware: Improving older people’s understanding of shingles vaccina...ILC- UK
 
"If only I had"... LV= insights into retirement planning webinar
"If only I had"... LV= insights into retirement planning webinar"If only I had"... LV= insights into retirement planning webinar
"If only I had"... LV= insights into retirement planning webinarILC- UK
 
Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index - Our impact
Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index - Our impactHealthy Ageing and Prevention Index - Our impact
Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index - Our impactILC- UK
 
G20 high-level side event in India
G20 high-level side event in IndiaG20 high-level side event in India
G20 high-level side event in IndiaILC- UK
 
Plugging the gap: Estimating the demand and supply of jobs by sector in 2030
Plugging the gap: Estimating the demand and supply of jobs by sector in 2030Plugging the gap: Estimating the demand and supply of jobs by sector in 2030
Plugging the gap: Estimating the demand and supply of jobs by sector in 2030ILC- UK
 
G7 high-level side event in Hiroshima
G7 high-level side event in HiroshimaG7 high-level side event in Hiroshima
G7 high-level side event in HiroshimaILC- UK
 
Leaving no one behind: Progress on Life Course Immunisation Roundtable – alon...
Leaving no one behind: Progress on Life Course Immunisation Roundtable – alon...Leaving no one behind: Progress on Life Course Immunisation Roundtable – alon...
Leaving no one behind: Progress on Life Course Immunisation Roundtable – alon...ILC- UK
 
Healthy ageing and Prevention Index launch
Healthy ageing and Prevention Index launchHealthy ageing and Prevention Index launch
Healthy ageing and Prevention Index launchILC- UK
 
G7 high-level side event in Niigata
G7 high-level side event in NiigataG7 high-level side event in Niigata
G7 high-level side event in NiigataILC- UK
 
Prof Mihai Craiu - ILC vaccine hesitancy April 2023
Prof Mihai Craiu - ILC vaccine hesitancy April 2023Prof Mihai Craiu - ILC vaccine hesitancy April 2023
Prof Mihai Craiu - ILC vaccine hesitancy April 2023ILC- UK
 
Vaccine confidence in Central and Eastern Europe working lunch
Vaccine confidence in Central and Eastern Europe working lunchVaccine confidence in Central and Eastern Europe working lunch
Vaccine confidence in Central and Eastern Europe working lunchILC- UK
 
Priorities for the G20 in India webinar
Priorities for the G20 in India webinarPriorities for the G20 in India webinar
Priorities for the G20 in India webinarILC- UK
 
Final Marathon or sprint launch Les Mayhew slides 19 April.pptx
Final Marathon or sprint launch Les Mayhew slides 19 April.pptxFinal Marathon or sprint launch Les Mayhew slides 19 April.pptx
Final Marathon or sprint launch Les Mayhew slides 19 April.pptxILC- UK
 
Launching Trial and error: Supporting age diversity in clinical trials
Launching Trial and error: Supporting age diversity in clinical trialsLaunching Trial and error: Supporting age diversity in clinical trials
Launching Trial and error: Supporting age diversity in clinical trialsILC- UK
 
Report launch - Moving the needle: Improving uptake of adult vaccination in J...
Report launch - Moving the needle: Improving uptake of adult vaccination in J...Report launch - Moving the needle: Improving uptake of adult vaccination in J...
Report launch - Moving the needle: Improving uptake of adult vaccination in J...ILC- UK
 
Prof Itamar Grotto - Better preparedness, better results
Prof Itamar Grotto - Better preparedness, better resultsProf Itamar Grotto - Better preparedness, better results
Prof Itamar Grotto - Better preparedness, better resultsILC- UK
 
Matthew Edwards - CMI COVID-19 Inquiry Submission
Matthew Edwards - CMI COVID-19 Inquiry SubmissionMatthew Edwards - CMI COVID-19 Inquiry Submission
Matthew Edwards - CMI COVID-19 Inquiry SubmissionILC- UK
 

Más de ILC- UK (20)

06Mar24 Mental health EU roundtable slides.pptx
06Mar24 Mental health EU roundtable slides.pptx06Mar24 Mental health EU roundtable slides.pptx
06Mar24 Mental health EU roundtable slides.pptx
 
06March24 ILC Europe Network slides.pptx
06March24 ILC Europe Network slides.pptx06March24 ILC Europe Network slides.pptx
06March24 ILC Europe Network slides.pptx
 
Redefining lifelong learning webinar presentation slides.pptx
Redefining lifelong learning webinar presentation slides.pptxRedefining lifelong learning webinar presentation slides.pptx
Redefining lifelong learning webinar presentation slides.pptx
 
Painfully unaware: Improving older people’s understanding of shingles vaccina...
Painfully unaware: Improving older people’s understanding of shingles vaccina...Painfully unaware: Improving older people’s understanding of shingles vaccina...
Painfully unaware: Improving older people’s understanding of shingles vaccina...
 
"If only I had"... LV= insights into retirement planning webinar
"If only I had"... LV= insights into retirement planning webinar"If only I had"... LV= insights into retirement planning webinar
"If only I had"... LV= insights into retirement planning webinar
 
Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index - Our impact
Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index - Our impactHealthy Ageing and Prevention Index - Our impact
Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index - Our impact
 
G20 high-level side event in India
G20 high-level side event in IndiaG20 high-level side event in India
G20 high-level side event in India
 
Plugging the gap: Estimating the demand and supply of jobs by sector in 2030
Plugging the gap: Estimating the demand and supply of jobs by sector in 2030Plugging the gap: Estimating the demand and supply of jobs by sector in 2030
Plugging the gap: Estimating the demand and supply of jobs by sector in 2030
 
G7 high-level side event in Hiroshima
G7 high-level side event in HiroshimaG7 high-level side event in Hiroshima
G7 high-level side event in Hiroshima
 
Leaving no one behind: Progress on Life Course Immunisation Roundtable – alon...
Leaving no one behind: Progress on Life Course Immunisation Roundtable – alon...Leaving no one behind: Progress on Life Course Immunisation Roundtable – alon...
Leaving no one behind: Progress on Life Course Immunisation Roundtable – alon...
 
Healthy ageing and Prevention Index launch
Healthy ageing and Prevention Index launchHealthy ageing and Prevention Index launch
Healthy ageing and Prevention Index launch
 
G7 high-level side event in Niigata
G7 high-level side event in NiigataG7 high-level side event in Niigata
G7 high-level side event in Niigata
 
Prof Mihai Craiu - ILC vaccine hesitancy April 2023
Prof Mihai Craiu - ILC vaccine hesitancy April 2023Prof Mihai Craiu - ILC vaccine hesitancy April 2023
Prof Mihai Craiu - ILC vaccine hesitancy April 2023
 
Vaccine confidence in Central and Eastern Europe working lunch
Vaccine confidence in Central and Eastern Europe working lunchVaccine confidence in Central and Eastern Europe working lunch
Vaccine confidence in Central and Eastern Europe working lunch
 
Priorities for the G20 in India webinar
Priorities for the G20 in India webinarPriorities for the G20 in India webinar
Priorities for the G20 in India webinar
 
Final Marathon or sprint launch Les Mayhew slides 19 April.pptx
Final Marathon or sprint launch Les Mayhew slides 19 April.pptxFinal Marathon or sprint launch Les Mayhew slides 19 April.pptx
Final Marathon or sprint launch Les Mayhew slides 19 April.pptx
 
Launching Trial and error: Supporting age diversity in clinical trials
Launching Trial and error: Supporting age diversity in clinical trialsLaunching Trial and error: Supporting age diversity in clinical trials
Launching Trial and error: Supporting age diversity in clinical trials
 
Report launch - Moving the needle: Improving uptake of adult vaccination in J...
Report launch - Moving the needle: Improving uptake of adult vaccination in J...Report launch - Moving the needle: Improving uptake of adult vaccination in J...
Report launch - Moving the needle: Improving uptake of adult vaccination in J...
 
Prof Itamar Grotto - Better preparedness, better results
Prof Itamar Grotto - Better preparedness, better resultsProf Itamar Grotto - Better preparedness, better results
Prof Itamar Grotto - Better preparedness, better results
 
Matthew Edwards - CMI COVID-19 Inquiry Submission
Matthew Edwards - CMI COVID-19 Inquiry SubmissionMatthew Edwards - CMI COVID-19 Inquiry Submission
Matthew Edwards - CMI COVID-19 Inquiry Submission
 

Último

ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologyppt
ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologypptayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologyppt
ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologypptPradnya Wadekar
 
PAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdf
PAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdfPAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdf
PAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdfDolisha Warbi
 
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.ppt
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.pptUnit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.ppt
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.pptPradnya Wadekar
 
Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.
Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.
Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.aarjukhadka22
 
AORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissection
AORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissectionAORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissection
AORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissectiondrhanifmohdali
 
historyofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusangu
historyofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusanguhistoryofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusangu
historyofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusangu Medical University
 
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.whalesdesign
 
BENIGN BREAST DISEASE
BENIGN BREAST DISEASE BENIGN BREAST DISEASE
BENIGN BREAST DISEASE Mamatha Lakka
 
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.kishan singh tomar
 
Role of Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
Role of  Soap based and synthetic or syndets barRole of  Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
Role of Soap based and synthetic or syndets barmohitRahangdale
 
SGK RỐI LOẠN TOAN KIỀM ĐHYHN RẤT HAY VÀ ĐẶC SẮC.pdf
SGK RỐI LOẠN TOAN KIỀM ĐHYHN RẤT HAY VÀ ĐẶC SẮC.pdfSGK RỐI LOẠN TOAN KIỀM ĐHYHN RẤT HAY VÀ ĐẶC SẮC.pdf
SGK RỐI LOẠN TOAN KIỀM ĐHYHN RẤT HAY VÀ ĐẶC SẮC.pdfHongBiThi1
 
Breast cancer -ONCO IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL NURSING.pptx
Breast cancer -ONCO IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL NURSING.pptxBreast cancer -ONCO IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL NURSING.pptx
Breast cancer -ONCO IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL NURSING.pptxNaveenkumar267201
 
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy DasguptaMale Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy DasguptaSujoy Dasgupta
 
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing studentCPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing studentsaileshpanda05
 
Mental health Team. Dr Senthil Thirusangu
Mental health Team. Dr Senthil ThirusanguMental health Team. Dr Senthil Thirusangu
Mental health Team. Dr Senthil Thirusangu Medical University
 

Último (20)

ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologyppt
ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologypptayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologyppt
ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologyppt
 
GOUT UPDATE AHMED YEHIA 2024, case based approach with application of the lat...
GOUT UPDATE AHMED YEHIA 2024, case based approach with application of the lat...GOUT UPDATE AHMED YEHIA 2024, case based approach with application of the lat...
GOUT UPDATE AHMED YEHIA 2024, case based approach with application of the lat...
 
How to master Steroid (glucocorticoids) prescription, different scenarios, ca...
How to master Steroid (glucocorticoids) prescription, different scenarios, ca...How to master Steroid (glucocorticoids) prescription, different scenarios, ca...
How to master Steroid (glucocorticoids) prescription, different scenarios, ca...
 
PAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdf
PAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdfPAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdf
PAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdf
 
American College of physicians ACP high value care recommendations in rheumat...
American College of physicians ACP high value care recommendations in rheumat...American College of physicians ACP high value care recommendations in rheumat...
American College of physicians ACP high value care recommendations in rheumat...
 
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.ppt
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.pptUnit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.ppt
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.ppt
 
Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.
Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.
Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.
 
AORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissection
AORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissectionAORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissection
AORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissection
 
historyofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusangu
historyofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusanguhistoryofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusangu
historyofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusangu
 
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.
 
BENIGN BREAST DISEASE
BENIGN BREAST DISEASE BENIGN BREAST DISEASE
BENIGN BREAST DISEASE
 
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
 
Role of Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
Role of  Soap based and synthetic or syndets barRole of  Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
Role of Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
 
SGK RỐI LOẠN TOAN KIỀM ĐHYHN RẤT HAY VÀ ĐẶC SẮC.pdf
SGK RỐI LOẠN TOAN KIỀM ĐHYHN RẤT HAY VÀ ĐẶC SẮC.pdfSGK RỐI LOẠN TOAN KIỀM ĐHYHN RẤT HAY VÀ ĐẶC SẮC.pdf
SGK RỐI LOẠN TOAN KIỀM ĐHYHN RẤT HAY VÀ ĐẶC SẮC.pdf
 
Rheumatoid arthritis Part 1, case based approach with application of the late...
Rheumatoid arthritis Part 1, case based approach with application of the late...Rheumatoid arthritis Part 1, case based approach with application of the late...
Rheumatoid arthritis Part 1, case based approach with application of the late...
 
Breast cancer -ONCO IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL NURSING.pptx
Breast cancer -ONCO IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL NURSING.pptxBreast cancer -ONCO IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL NURSING.pptx
Breast cancer -ONCO IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL NURSING.pptx
 
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy DasguptaMale Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
 
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing studentCPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
 
Mental health Team. Dr Senthil Thirusangu
Mental health Team. Dr Senthil ThirusanguMental health Team. Dr Senthil Thirusangu
Mental health Team. Dr Senthil Thirusangu
 
Biologic therapy ice breaking in rheumatology, Case based approach with appli...
Biologic therapy ice breaking in rheumatology, Case based approach with appli...Biologic therapy ice breaking in rheumatology, Case based approach with appli...
Biologic therapy ice breaking in rheumatology, Case based approach with appli...
 

A problem shared is a problem halved? Evidence report on dementia in europe

  • 1. A problem shared is a problem halved? An evidence report on dementia in Europe Sally-Marie Bamford February 2010 Made Possible By
  • 2. About the ILC-UK ILC-UK The International Longevity Centre - UK (ILC-UK) is an independent, non-partisan think tank dedicated to addressing issues of longevity, ageing and population change. It develops ideas, undertakes research and creates a forum for debate. The ILC-UK is a registered charity (no.1080496) incorporated with limited liability in England and Wales (company no. 3798902). This state of evidence report was first published in February 2010. © ILC-UK 2010 Acknowledgements This research has been made possible by an unrestricted grant from Pfizer Inc. We are grateful for their continued support.
  • 3. Contents Contents 1. Introduction 2. Ageing Population and Conceptions in the EU 3. Prevalence and Conceptions of Mental Health in the EU 4. Definitions, Conceptions and Prevalence of Dementia in the EU 5. Impact of Dementia in the EU 6. Dementia in EU Member States 7. European Union Current Actions on Dementia 8. Conclusion
  • 4. Introduction Introduction • This evidence report is intended to accompany the Policy Brief ‘A problem shared is a problem halved? Learning Opportunities from Europe’. It should be read alongside the policy brief, to provide contextual background and further details on the arguments and discussions raised in the brief. • This report is primarily focussed on dementia and ageing at the European Member State level and at the EU level. It will look at, in turn: the ageing population and conceptions in the EU, prevalence and conceptions of mental health in the EU, definitions, conceptions and prevalence of dementia in the EU, the impact of dementia in the EU, dementia in EU Member States and European Union current actions on dementia.
  • 5. Ageing Population and Conceptions in the EU Ageing A diverse group in an increasingly diverse Europe • Ageing affects individuals and nations everywhere. But a precise definition of what ageing is cannot be provided easily without regard to health aspects, social conventions and lifestyles that are intertwined with the ageing process. • A heterogeneous ageing population - people aged 50 years and above form a very diverse group characterised by a range of factors, only one of which is their age. • As the older population continues to expand, this diversity among its constituents will further increase. The use of chronological age is a poor proxy for determining people’s health, wealth, social status, aspiration or capacity to be active on the labour market. • Alongside differences such as those linked to gender, health and wealth, one aspect of this increased diversity is linked to the immigration of ethnic and national minorities everywhere in Europe over successive generations who now form part of the EU’s ageing populations. Source: AGE (2007), ‘Towards a European Society for all ages’, AGE- The European Older People’s Platform
  • 6. Ageing Population and Conceptions in the EU Ageing Despite variation across EU member states, policy-makers are developing more progressive conceptions of ageing Progressive conceptions of ageing • Old Age “The old man does not know what is best for him…he cannot accommodate himself to…the progress of civilization.” (IL Nashcher,19th Century) •“Ageing is a progressive, generalised impairment of function resulting in an increased probability of death.” (John Maynard Smith) •Active ageing “is the process of optimizing opportunities for health, participation and security in order to enhance quality of life as people age”. (WHO, 2002) •Successful Ageing refers to the maintenance of physical and mental function, thereby ensuring that individuals have the psychological and physical “reserves” necessary to withstand stressful experiences in later life. (Walters et al,1999) •Healthy Ageing concerns “the process of optimizing opportunities for physical, social and mental health to enable older people to take an active part in society without discrimination and to enjoy an independent and good quality of life”. (SNIPH, 2007)
  • 7. Ageing Population and Conceptions in the EU Ageing Outside the policy-making sphere, there remains wide cultural variations on attitudes towards the ageing population. Confused and regressive conceptions of ageing in society? •Confusing array of images and views of older people co-exist within society, creating contradictions and inconsistencies in policy and practice. •Often conceived narrowly as recipients of health and social care primarily as opposed to citizens in their own right. •Negative and mainstream discourse on the growth of the ageing population encapsulated in pejorative phrases such as ‘demographic time bomb’ or ’rising tide’ have given rise to and engrained discriminatory and negative attitudes towards older people. •Condescending and negative discourse on older people, particularly pervasive in the media and public parlance, has led to reductive conceptions of their identity based on the themes of ‘burden’,’dependency’ and ‘vulnerability’. •Is there an irreconcilable dichotomy between ‘illderly’ and ‘wellderly, go-go pensioners and no-go pensioners (Townsend, 2004)? With two distinct conceptions of older people: the ‘successful agers’ that remain active, engaged and accorded equal status; and those others who are perceived solely or primarily as ‘dependent’, to be ‘managed’ or ‘looked after’ by services. Source: Townsend,J.,Denby,T and Godfrey,M. (2004) Heroes, Villains and Victims, Older People’s Perceptions of Other Older People. Conference Paper, British Society of Gerontologists and Institute of Health Sciences and Public Health Research and University of Bradford, (2005) Preventionand Service Provision: Mental Health Problems in Later Life
  • 8. Ageing Population and Conceptions in the EU Ageing Under the projected birth rates, life expectancy and migration flows, the population of the present EU will be roughly the same in 2060 at about 500 million, but will be significantly older The Facts The Drivers •The number of elderly people will •Significant increase in life expectancy, almost double, rising from 85 million in especially for women, particularly 2008 to 151 million in 2060. pronounced in Euro area Member States. •The number of oldest-old (age 80 years •Increases in longevity accelerates the and above), is projected to triple from 22 growth of the proportion of elderly people million in 2008 to 61 million on 2060. relative to that of children or adults of working age. •In the same period, the EU will move from having four people of working age •Sustained reduction of fertility rates. for every person aged over 65 to a ratio •Migration patterns. of only two to one. •Progress in bio-medical technology. •While EU Countries are projected to follow different population change •Improvements in health and social care trajectories, the population is projected systems. to become older in all Member States. •Changes in private lifestyle, for example reduction of smoking. Source: European Commission and the Economic Policy Committee (2009), ‘Ageing Report 2009’ , European Economy, no 2/2009
  • 9. Ageing Population and Conceptions in the EU Ageing The median age of the total population is likely to increase in all countries without exception Median Age of the Total Population Sally, Sally, Sally • The median age is projected to increase more than 15 years in Poland and Slovakia. • In contrast, the median age is projected to increase less than 5 years in Luxembourg, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Metropolitan France, Sweden, Belgium and Finland. Source: Eurostat, EUROPOP2008 convergence scenario
  • 10. Ageing Population and Conceptions in the EU Ageing Old age dependency ratio is expected to increase for the whole group Projected Age Dependency Ratios for EU 27 % •Young age dependency ratio for the EU27 population is projected to rise moderately to 25.0% in 2060. •Old age dependency ratio is expected to increase substantially from its current levels of 25.4% to 53.5% in 2060. Source: Eurostat, EUROPOP2008 convergence scenario :
  • 11. Ageing Population and Conceptions in the EU Ageing While old age dependency ratio is expected to increase for the whole group, individual countries are affected differently. Sally, Sally, Sally Old age dependency ratios for the EU member states, Norway •In 2008, the old age and Switzerland, 2008-2060 dependency ratio in the new Member States is, relatively, lower or much lower than the EU27. •By 2060, with the exception of Cyprus, all new Member States are projected to experience higher increases in old-age dependency ratios than the EU27 as a whole as i.e. 28.1 percentage points. •Thus these countries, are expected to have old age dependency ratios higher than the EU27 and among the highest from the whole group of countries. Source: Eurostat, EUROPOP2008 convergence scenario :
  • 12. Ageing Population and Conceptions in the EU Ageing Population Ageing in the EU in the Global Context Old age dependency ratios by main geographic area and for •The share of the population of what Sally, Sally, Sally is the EU today halved from about Selected countries in % in 1950, 2000 and 2050. People aged 65 or above relative to the working age population 15% of the world population in 1950 to 8% in 2000, and it is projected to shrink to close to 5% in 2050. •Sharper increases are projected during the period 2000 to 2050 everywhere. The largest increases are projected to take place in Japan (by close to 50 p.p.), China and the EU27 (by almost 30 p.p.). •In 1950 the EU had the highest old-age dependency ratio in the world, close to that of the US, and its increase has been the fastest over the period 1950 to 2000, rising by 10 percentage points. : Source:The United Nations Population Division produces global population projections revised every two years. The2008 Revision was released on 11 March 2009, in the European Commission and the Economic Policy Committee (2009), ‘Ageing Report 2009’ , European Economy, no 2/2009
  • 13. Prevalence and Conceptions of Mental Health in the EU Mental Health Mental health problems which arise in older age are diverse and wide ranging • The kinds of mental health problems that arise in older age are enormously diverse. They can be classified as: -Severe and enduring problems that emerge during earlier stages of the life course and persist into old age, such as schizophrenia, depression or other psychoses. -Mental health problems that arise for the first time in later life for example most commonly depression and anxiety and dementia that becomes more prevalent with increasing age. -These problems do not only appear singly but often occur in combination, for example, depression and anxiety, depression and dementia, depression and alcohol misuse - and co- morbidity affects outcomes. • The impact of ageing, including the cognitive, biomedical, physical, social and cultural aspects, can all contribute to the vulnerability to later life mental health problems. Source: Institute of Health Sciences and Public Health Research, University of Bradford (2005) Prevention and Service Provision: Mental Health Problems in Later Life
  • 14. Prevalence and Conceptions of Mental Health in the EU Mental Health The double disadvantage • Older people with mental health problems face the dual stigma, from age and as a result of their mental illness. • While there has been significant challenge to the stigma of mental illness with the introduction of a ‘disability perspective’ on mental health problems of ‘working age’ adults this has been less evident within policy and services for older people. • Mental health promotion is a neglected area within the already neglected area of mental health services. Government policy has traditionally paid more attention to physical health than to mental health. • There is a need to reverse the continued negative stereotyping and massive under-utilisation of older peoples mental capital: in order that the considerable mental resources of older people are recognised and unlocked for the benefit of themselves and society. • While the interconnectivity between mental ill-health, social characteristics and social position has been explored in recent academic research, correlations between mental health, socio-economic situation, social exclusion and social capital as these relate to older people have yet to be meaningfully examined. Source: Institute of Health Sciences and Public Health Research, University of Bradford (2005) Prevention and Service Provision: Mental Health Problems in Later Life
  • 15. Prevalence and Conceptions of Mental Health in the EU Mental Health An expected increase in mental illness • Differing definitions of mental health and limited harmonisation of data across the EU member states makes it difficult to assess and compare figures across the EU. • As the older population of the EU continues to expand, there will be a disproportionate increase in dementia, depression and mental illness. • Major depression is a relatively rare disease among older people, but when depressive syndromes are considered, these symptoms appear common among older people. • The prevalence of depressive syndromes ascertained by categorical diagnosis varies between 7.9% and 26.9% across EU member states with the majority of studies giving results between 9 and 15%. • The prevalence of depressive symptoms across the EU member states ranges from 6.4% in Germany to 6.1% in France. • Studies based on anxiety disorders are less common, estimates of prevalence vary from 2-10%, with anxiety disorders in people over 65 years ranging from 8.7% in Germany to 15.9% in France. Source: De Girolama G, Alonso J, Vilagut (2000) European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders/Mental Health Disability: A European Assessment
  • 16. Definitions, Conceptions and Prevalence of Dementia in the EU Dementia • Dementia is characterised by loss of or decline in memory and other cognitive abilities. It is caused by various diseases and conditions that result in damaged brain cells. • Different types of dementia have been associated with distinct symptom patterns and distinguishing microscopic brain abnormalities. Increasing evidence from long-term epidemiological observation and autopsy studies suggests that many people have microscopic brain abnormalities associated with more than one type of dementia. • Dementia is a progressive condition. This means that the symptoms become more severe over time. • The symptoms of different types of dementia also overlap and can be further complicated by coexisting medical conditions. • Researchers are still working to find out more about the different types of dementia, and whether any have a genetic link. It is thought that many factors, including age, genetic background, medical history and lifestyle, can combine to lead to the onset of dementia. • Dementia can affect people of any age, but is most common in older people. • Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia.
  • 17. Definitions, Conceptions and Prevalence of Dementia in the EU Dementia Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia • Alzheimer's disease, first described by the German neurologist Alois Alzheimer in 1906, is a physical disease affecting the brain. • It is a disease in which a wealthy person becomes poor, as Esquirol said of his patients, and the way we look at them depends on the memories that we have of them and which they may no longer have or have hidden away elsewhere. • During the course of the disease, 'plaques' and 'tangles' develop in the structure of the brain, leading to the death of brain cells. People with Alzheimer's also have a shortage of some important chemicals in their brains. These chemicals are involved with the transmission of messages within the brain. Alzheimer's is a progressive disease, which means that gradually, over time, more parts of the brain are damaged. As this happens, the symptoms become more severe. • Alzheimer’s disease can affect different people in different ways, but the most common symptom pattern begins with gradually worsening difficulty in remembering new information. As damage spreads, individuals also experience confusion, disorganised thinking, impaired judgment, trouble expressing themselves and disorientation to time, space and location, which may lead to unsafe wandering and socially inappropriate behaviour. • In advanced Alzheimer’s, people need help with bathing, dressing, using the bathroom, eating and other daily activities. Those in the final stages of the disease lose their ability to communicate, fail to recognise loved ones and become bed-bound and reliant on 24/7 care. Alzheimer’s disease is ultimately fatal.
  • 18. Definitions, Conceptions and Prevalence of Dementia in the EU Conceptions of dementia and the associative stigma attached varies across EU Dementia Member States, these are however slowly being challenged and redefined Stigmatising attitudes of Negative attitudes mental, health towards ageing Conceptions of dementia – sits at the intersection of the two A fear and lack of Pervasive negative attitudes understanding of mental illness to ageing is the other aspect is one aspect of this stigma, Gradually these conceptions are being of this stigma, cognitive in dementia this is associated challenged and dementia is now being impairment such as memory with the appearance of increasingly reframed as a degenerative loss is often considered to be behaviour disturbance, neurological disorder an almost expected and delusions and hallucinations. normal part of ageing. •In popular culture these symptoms have become to This change and an increasing push to define dementia itself and has embed dementia in a dignity, equality and led to a disease model being human rights framework adopted by the public and by some professionals. Will lead to a more equitable and just response in service provision for all EU citizens with dementia and their families Source: Iliffe, S et al (2005) Understanding obstacles to the recognition of and response to dementia in different European Countries
  • 19. Definitions, Conceptions and Prevalence of Dementia in the EU Dementia Types of Dementia and characteristics Source: Alzheimer’s Association US, (2009), ‘Alzheimer’s Disease Fact and Figures’
  • 20. Definitions, Conceptions and Prevalence of Dementia in the EU Dementia Types of Dementia and characteristics, continued. Source: Alzheimer’s Association US, (2009), ‘Alzheimer’s Disease Fact and Figures’
  • 21. Definitions, Conceptions and Prevalence of Dementia in the EU Dementia 6.1 million people with dementia in European Union, with numbers expected to double or treble by 2050. Prevalence of dementia in the elderly in Europe by gender Source: Lobo et al, (2000), EURODEM group, Alzheimer’s Europe (2006): Dementia in Europe Yearbook, Ferri et al. (2006) Global prevalence of dementia: A Delphi consensus study. The Lancet, Vol 365, December17/24/31, 2005
  • 22. Definitions, Conceptions and Prevalence of Dementia in the EU Dementia One new person every seven seconds somewhere in the world has dementia and over two-thirds of people are to be found in the developing countries. Worldwide Prevalence of dementia by WHO region Source: Ferri et al (2005). The Lancet, Vol 366: 2112-2117
  • 23. Definitions, Conceptions and Prevalence of Dementia in the EU Dementia The Statistics Estimates for Prevalence of dementia (%) for each region and age group Source: Ferri CP, Prince M, Brayne C, et al.; Global prevalence of dementia: A Delphi Consensus Study, The Lancet, 2005; 336:2112-2117
  • 24. Definitions, Conceptions and Prevalence of Dementia in the EU Dementia An estimated 25 million people with dementia and this number is set to double every 20 years. Increase of dementia over the next 30 years • By 2020, there will be more than 40 million people with the disease and by 2040, more in the 60+ population (in millions) than 80 million. • In the next 30 years in the population aged 60 or over, in Europe, as in many western countries, the population will double, from approximately 5 million to 10 million by 2040. • There are similar figures for the US, North America and Australia, which is on a lower ratio. • China will go from 6 million to 26 million and with a one-child policy. By 2040, China and India will have half the world’s population of people with dementia. Source: Ferri et al (2005). The Lancet, Vol 366: 2112-2117, Brodaty, H (2008), UE2008.Fr
  • 25. Impact of Dementia in the EU Impact Dementia poses considerable medical, social and economic concerns as it impacts individuals, families and heath and social care systems •The impact of dementia presents a challenge to all EU member states, increasingly the discourse surrounding the impact is framed in relation to cost and consumption, rather than representing interventions as an investment in future health and social care. •The socio-economic impact of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease can be defined as being comprised of: deterioration of health and social welfare losses due to the illness, and the resources devoted to diminishing and preventing those welfare losses. •The components are measured in different units because welfare losses (anxiety, pain, suffering, stress and death of individuals and their families) cannot and should not be measured in monetary terms, whereas the value of resources used in health and social care are to a large extent easily measurable in monetary terms. •With the financial resources in the health care and social security systems under increasing stress and the predicted growth in the number of people with dementia the question on how to improve care and the cost-effectiveness of care will be critical. •The number of studies into the economic and social burden is limited, restricted to a few European countries and the situation in Eastern Europe is particularly under represented. Source: Alzheimer Europe, (2008), Dementia in Europe Yearbook 2008
  • 26. Impact of Dementia in the EU Impact The cost of dementia in Europe Cost of illness in Europe (add eurossign billion) in 2005 for Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia Figures based on 14 papers selected as eligible for a European cost model. The key criteria was that direct costs and informal care costs could be identified. •The total cost of illness of Annual cost per person with dementia in Europe (add euro sign) in 2005 for dementia disorders in EU27 Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia in 2005 was estimated at €130 billion, of which 56% were costs of informal care. •The costs per person with dementia in Europe was estimated at €21,000 per year. Source: Alzheimer Europe, (2008), Dementia in Europe Yearbook 2008
  • 27. Impact of Dementia in the EU Impact The cost of dementia in Europe compared to the rest of the world Global Cost of Dementia in billions US$ The highest costs were in the USA, followed by Japan and China. 77% of the world cost of dementia was incurred in the world’s most developed countries. 2/3 of people with dementia live in developing countries, while most costs are incurred in the advanced economies of the world. Source: Wimo et al (2007) An estimate of the total worldwide costs of dementia in 2005 in Alzheimer’s and Dementia 3, 2007
  • 28. Impact of Dementia in the EU Impact Increasing pressure on the funding of public services If we consider dementia to be part of the challenge of Europe’s ageing population, it is evident the need for public provision of services will increase. The fiscal impact of ageing is projected to be substantial in almost all Member States. Overall, on the basis of current policies, age-related public expenditure is projected to increase on average by about 4¾ percentage points of GDP by 2060 in the EU and by more than 5 percentage points in the euro area – especially through pension, healthcare and long-term care spending. Demographic trends will push up public pension expenditure very significantly in all Member States, though there are notable differences in the impact of ageing across Member States: The increase in public spending will be very significant (7 percentage points of GDP or more) in nine EU Member States (Luxembourg, Greece, Slovenia, Cyprus, Malta, the Netherlands, Romania, Spain, and Ireland). For a second group of countries – Belgium, Finland, Czech Republic, Lithuania, Slovakia, the United Kingdom, Germany and Hungary – the cost of ageing is more limited, but still very high (from 4 to 7 percentage points of GDP). Finally, the increase is more moderate, 4 percentage points of GDP or less, in Bulgaria, Sweden, Portugal, Austria, France, Denmark, Italy, Latvia, Estonia and Poland. Source: European Commission (2009): Communication on Dealing with the Impact of an Ageing Population in the EU (2009 Ageing Report)
  • 29. Impact of Dementia in the EU Impact Increasing pressure on the funding of healthcare for older people • It is almost impossible to identify health care expenditure that is exclusively targeted on people with dementia. However, we can look at developments and trends in health care more generally. • The governments of all EU Member States are heavily involved in the financing, and in some cases in the provision, of health care. Consequently, health care spending is a major, and over time growing, source of fiscal pressure. • As seen in the past trends, increases in spending on health care should be credited only to a limited degree to demographic or morbidity developments. Instead, policy decisions to expand access and improve quality, as a result of rising living standards and societal expectations, as well as technological progress, are the main factors driving expenditure up over the last decades. • Similar trends are expected to occur in the future. Continuous change in the structure of the population is expected to have an impact on health care expenditure mainly through the parallel evolution in the health status of the population directly affecting demand for care. • Healthcare systems in the EU are expected to face substantial challenges in the future. Public expenditure on health care is projected to grow by 1½ percentage points of GDP in the EU by 2060. Although the 'old' Member States are still going to spend more for a couple of decades, the rates of growth is expected to be higher in the new Member States. Source: European Commission (2009): The 2009 Ageing Report
  • 30. Impact of Dementia in the EU Impact Projected growing health care costs across the EU 27 Results from different scenarios on health care in EU 27 •The impact of demographic changes on public health expenditure is projected to be significant (an average (EU27) increase from 6.7 to 8.4% of GDP), although this is not as equally pronounced across all countries. •As expected, public expenditure on health care calculated according to the "constant health scenario" is considerably lower than the spending under the pure demographic effect. It increases from 6.7 to 7.5% of GDP for EU27, thus the pure impact of demographic change (1.7% of GDP) is more than halved. Source: European Commission (2009): The 2009 Ageing Report
  • 31. Impact of Dementia in the EU Impact Increasing pressure on the funding of long-term care for older people • The governments of most EU Member States are involved in either the provision or financing of long-term care services, or often both, although the extent and nature of their involvement varies widely across countries. • In the future, the demand for formal care services by the population is likely to grow substantially. The ageing of the population is expected to put pressure on resources demanded to provide long- term care services for the frail and elderly and the ratio of long-term care expenditure to GDP is expected to rise in the future. • Some Member States rely heavily on the informal provision of long-term care and their expenditure on formal care is accordingly small, while other Member States provide extensive public services to the elderly and devote a significant share of GDP to fund their policies. • Public expenditure on long-term care will be influenced by a range of factors including: the future numbers of elderly people, through changes in the population projections; the future numbers of dependent elderly people, the prevalence rates of dependency, the balance between formal and informal care provision, the balance between home (domiciliary) care and institutional care within the formal care system and the costs of care. • Availability and access to formal care services will increasingly shape the welfare of elderly citizens and their families, including people with dementia and their carers. Source: European Commission (2009): The 2009 Ageing Report
  • 32. Impact of Dementia in the EU Impact Projected growing long-term care costs across the EU 27 Projected expenditure on long-term care according to An ageing population will place The different scenarios in EU 27, % of GDP strong upward pressure on public expenditure on long term care. The projected changes in public expenditure are very diverse reflecting very different approaches to the provision/financing of formal care. Countries with very low projected increases in public expenditure have very low current levels of formal care provision. Projections of age-related expenditure increases are low as their elderly citizens in need of care currently rely on informal care. Source: European Commission (2009): The 2009 Ageing Report
  • 33. Impact of Dementia in the EU Impact The cost for carers: unpaid carers are the main source of care • The majority of care for people with dementia is provided by unpaid carers, this includes families, friends or neighbours. Between 50% and 80% of patients with Alzheimer's disease are cared for at home, as the patient’s function deteriorates the burden on care givers increases. • The coping mechanisms and resources of the carers can be severely tested, they face the potential of social isolation, mental and physical health problems, financial hardship and professional disadvantage. • The contribution of unpaid carers represents a significant economic value - however policy makers and other stakeholders often treat informal care as a ‘free resource’. It entails significant economic costs for individuals and society. Economic analysis is primarily concerned with the opportunity costs of caring; i.e. what would have been done had an individual not been caring. • The proportion of formal and informal care varies between countries as a result of how care is organised and financed, but also as a result of traditions and cultural aspects. It is fundamental to consider each country’s local prerequisites for dementia care. As a general rule, there is more formal care in countries in which the Gross National Product (GDP) is high. • Population movement, changing family structures and working patterns are all set to influence care patterns. Source: Alzheimer Europe (2006): Who cares? The state of dementia care in Europe, Alzheimer Europe, (2008), Dementia in Europe Yearbook 2008. Wimo et al (2007) An estimate of the total worlwide costs of dementia in 2005 in Alzheimer’s and Dementia 3, 2007.
  • 34. Impact of Dementia in the EU Impact Survey of unpaid carers highlights the need for improved advice and support The impact of carers: Hours per day caring A survey of 1181 carers of people with for a person with dementia dementia in five European countries revealed that half of the carers were caring for more than 10 hours per day. Half felt they had received inadequate information on dementia when the person was diagnosed. Over half had access to services such as home care, day care or residential/nursing home care. Only 17% consider that the level of care for the elderly in their country was sufficient. Source: Alzheimer Europe (2006): Who cares? The state of dementia care in Europe
  • 35. Impact of Dementia in the EU Impact Attitudes to formal and informal care across the EU For each of the following statements regarding the care of the elderly, please tell me to what extent you agree or disagree? -% EU 27 •93% of European citizens support the idea that public authorities should provide appropriate home care andor institutional care for elderly people in need. •89% feel that family carers should receive financial support from the state and be paid an income for their duties. •The majority of Europeans feel that paying into an insurance scheme that will finance care if and when care is needed should be obligatory (70%). Source: Eurobarometer (2007): Health and Long-Term Care in the European Union
  • 36. Dementia in EU Member States EU Member States The dynamics behind policy interventions • The diagnosis, treatment and care of people with dementia in each European Union Member States is distinct, though certain commonalities in approach and outcomes are discernible. • There are a number of issues in relation to dementia that influence the direction and course of policy interventions on dementia – these include: – The impact of demographic change on the numbers of people with the condition. – The need for better diagnosis; the negative, stigmatising attitudes on dementia. – Whether service systems are meeting the needs of individuals and families, and especially whether institutional services are appropriate. – The financing arrangements necessary to secure good quality service systems. – The roles of families and unpaid carers. – The need for better inter-agency arrangements to improve the efficiency. – Fairness and affordability of care systems. Source: Knapp et al (2007) Dementia: International Comparisons, summary report for the National Audit Office
  • 37. Dementia in EU Member States EU Member States Different system responses • Prevalence rates for dementia vary relatively little from country to country, at least among high-income countries. • However different health and social care systems: – Identify and diagnose dementia in different ways. – Identify and assess needs in sometimes distinct ways and at different levels. – Devote variable amounts of resources to meet those needs, and choose a variety of ways to deliver treatment and support, whether through formal services or by relying on families and other carers. • Underlying financing mechanisms also vary. These include: variations in need, resource base. • System response and financing arrangements arise for reasons that include: demographic pressures; socio-economic contexts; macroeconomic capabilities; societal attitudes; cultural and religious orientation; and the political commitment and policy priorities that flow from them. Source: Knapp et al (2007) Dementia: International Comparisons, summary report for the National Audit Office
  • 38. EU Member Dementia in EU Member States States Health and social care frameworks in EU Member States • The needs of older people with dementia are complex, linked to their deteriorating health, specific mental health needs and their lack of autonomy. • Some people with dementia require health care and some are more appropriately met by social care, although the boundaries between these needs are hard to draw. • Different patterns of service provision have grown up in different countries, influenced by national culture, financing arrangements, bureaucratic procedures, social care workforce and the preferences of service users and families. • The distinction between health and social care has significant implications both for what gets delivered and at what cost and for the balance of funding (if different eligibility criteria influence threshold levels of dependence, for instance). • In turn, this could encourage cost shifting and the risk of people falling between two systems. • This ambiguity between health and social care has implications for international comparisons of spending patterns and provision. Source: Knapp et al (2007) Dementia: International Comparisons, summary report for the National Audit Office
  • 39. Dementia in EU Member States EU Member The determination of the utilisation of health and social care systems in EU States Member States Source: Alzheimer’s Europe (2008) Dementia Year Book
  • 40. Dementia in EU Member States EU Member Inequalities in dementia diagnosis and care, from symptoms to diagnosis States • Across the EU fewer than 50% of people with dementia receive a diagnosis, there are however variations across the EU Member States. • While there are few differences between countries in the underlying prevalence of dementia, there are marked differences in the rate of diagnosis. • There is a general consensus that diagnosis should be made as early as possible. Early intervention is widely considered to be cost-effective, the ‘spend to save’ adage. • There is a widespread reticence among primary care doctors to make the diagnosis of dementia in their patients. The stigma that primary care staff attached to dementia appears to inhibit referrals for diagnostic assessment. • The large majority of people with dementia either do not receive a specialist diagnosis at any time in their illness or do so only late in the disorder or at a time of crisis. • The rate of diagnosis will affect the individual’s access to treatment and care. Source: Knapp et al (2007) Dementia: International Comparisons, summary report for the National Audit Office
  • 41. Dementia in EU Member States EU Member Inequalities in dementia diagnosis and care, from symptoms to diagnosis States Months between first symptoms •There are a range of different and diagnosis systems at the national and local level with regard to diagnosis, these include: memory clinics and specialist old age psychiatry services. •Diagnosis and treatment might also be carried out by a geriatrician, a neurologist (sub-specialties of general medicine) or a GP. •Who takes the lead in other countries depends on the development of national health care systems, and professional capacity, interests and financial benefits. Source: International Journal of Clinical Practice (2005) Inequalities in dementia care across Europe, Text: Knapp et al (2007) Dementia: International Comparisons, summary report for the National Audit Office
  • 42. EU Member Dementia in EU Member States States There are a number of approaches to the funding of health and social care • There are a number of approaches to the funding of health care (Mossialos et al 2002) and of long-term care for older people (Wittenberg et al. 2002). These can be grouped into four main categories: • Out-of-pocket payments by service user or family (‘user charges’), including from release of housing equity. • Voluntary insurance, sometimes called private insurance. • Tax-based support, funded from direct and/or indirect taxes, and with services provided on the basis of need. • Social insurance with services provided on the basis of need. • Most countries rely on more than one financing approach, often even within a single service system. • Many countries are increasing the resources they devote to long-term care and also contemplating the future funding of long-term care in the face of rising demand. Source: Knapp et al (2007) Dementia: International Comparisons, summary report for the National Audit Office
  • 43. EU Member Dementia in EU Member States States Comparisons in long-term care funding in an international context Public and private expenditure on long-term care as a percentage of GDP 2000 Source: Knapp et al (2007) Dementia: International Comparisons, summary report for the National Audit Office
  • 44. EU Member Dementia in EU Member States States Different patterns of service provision • Individuals with dementia may require health and/or social care, depending on the needs of the individual through the progression of the disease. • The boundaries between health and social care are sometimes hard to distinguish: influenced by national culture, financing arrangements, bureaucratic procedures, availability of skilled staff and to a lesser extent the preferences of service users and families. • The distinction between health and social care has potentially significant implications both for what gets delivered and at what cost and for the balance of funding. • The most important provider of care for older people is the informal/unpaid sector, carers can be family, friends or neighbours. Community groups also offer support. Particularly in the early and middle stages of the disease, carers provide the majority of support to the individual. • It is often in the later stages that individuals then encounter formal health and social care support systems, often in the form of residential/institutional care. As the severity of dementia increases, social care becomes relatively more important than medical care, except perhaps at the very end of life. Source: Knapp et al (2007) Dementia: International Comparisons, summary report for the National Audit Office
  • 45. EU Member Dementia in EU Member States States Comparisons in care home provision in an international context Sources: Moise et al. (2004, p. 43), OECD (2005, p. 41), Eurofamcare (p. 88 et seq.), Gibson et al. (2003), national statistics for UK countries. Source: Knapp et al (2007) Dementia: International Comparisons, summary report for the National Audit Office
  • 46. Dementia in EU Member States EU Member Comparisons in home based and community provision in an international States context Sources: Moise et al. (2004), OECD (2005), Eurofamcare (2004), Gibson et al (2003), IMERSO (2006) Source: Knapp et al (2007) Dementia: International Comparisons, summary report for the National Audit Office
  • 47. EU Member Dementia in EU Member States States Current trends and challenges in service provision • In many EU Member States dementia is emerging as a policy priority, partly accountable to the current and projected figures on ageing populations. • There is a growing consensus across European networks that developing national action plans on dementia is the ‘gold standard’ of policy interventions. • The EU Member States with action plans or variants of include: France, the UK, Norway, the Netherlands and Italy. • The impetus for such actions derives from a range of actions and actors, including: high level champions, as in the case of President Sarkozy in France and the growing prominence and weight of campaigning charities. A key part of these action plans are often dementia specific health and social care programmes. • Dementia specific actions or programmes are not in themselves a panacea, particularly if wider support systems and structures in the health and social care arena are not in place. Source: Knapp et al (2007) Dementia: International Comparisons, summary report for the National Audit Office
  • 48. European Union Current Actions on Dementia EU Actions The role of the EU • Health and social services are mainly within the responsibility of Member States. • Article 152 of the Amsterdam Treaty recognises an emerging role for the EU due to an increasing convergence of health care systems across Member States. • The Amsterdam Treaty states that: ‘a high level of human health protection shall be ensured in the definition and implementation of all Community policies and activities’. • Proposals in other key areas of Community activity such a the internal market, social affairs, research and development, agriculture, trade and development policy, environment, etc, are now all linked to the promotion of health protection. • The European Commission has now ample scope for direct intervention in healthcare matters, in areas such as standardisation of indicators, infra-structural development for data exchange, stimulation of exchanges on evidence-based developments and best practices, and promoting quality benchmarks and supporting networking for greater coordination among different national and international groups. Source: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (2004) Sector Futures: Policy and Actions for a Healthy Europe
  • 49. European Union Current Actions on Dementia EU Actions The basis for action of the EU • The Work Plan for 2005 for the Implementation of the programme of Community action in the field of public health (2003-2008) included for the first time a specific reference to the need for information and definition of indicators on the prevalence, treatments, risk factors, risk reduction strategies, cost of illness and social support as well as what constitutes a ‘healthy brain lifestyle’ related to Alzheimer disease (AD) and other dementias. • The White Paper COM (2007) 630 ‘Together for Health: A Strategic Approach for the EU 2008-2013’ of Oct 2007 as part of developing the EU Health Strategy also indentified the need for a better understanding of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s. • The Council adopted on December 2008 the Council Conclusions on public health strategies to combat neurodegenerative diseases associated with ageing and in particular Alzheimer's disease. This called on Member States and the Commission to recognise Alzheimer’s disease as a priority for action in the context of the ageing of the EU's population. • More recently the Commission adopted on 22nd July 2009 the Communication from the Commission COM (2009) 380/4 to the European Parliament and the Council on a European initiative on Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. The EU would support national efforts in four key areas: prevention, including measures to promote mental well-being, and support early diagnosis, coordinating research across Europe, spreading best practice for treatment and care and developing a common approach to ethical questions – rights, autonomy, and dignity of people with dementia. . Source: European Commission (2009) , http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_information/dissemination/diseases/alzheimer_en.htm ,
  • 50. European Union Current Actions on Dementia EU Actions European Initiatives to take into account • The Directive on patients’ rights in cross border health care – the proposal concerns the free movement of patients and their access to health care. • The adoption in 2008 of the European Pact for Mental Health and well-being as a symbol of the determination to exchange and work together on mental health opportunities and challenges related to older populations. • The report on Long Term Care adopted by the Social Protection Committee (July 2008) under the Open Method of Communication (OMC) containing certain provisions related to health care. • The conclusions of the project EuroCoDe (European Collaboration on Dementia), this project examined the EURODEM data taking into account studies performed in the last 20 years looking at dementia prevalence and pooled these in a collaborative analysis. • April 2009, Trakatellis report on the Council recommendations in the field of rare diseases, this aims to encourage Member States to create specific training for professionals and compile a catalogue of experts on rare diseases. • Anti-Discrimination Directive – the directive is intended to reduce discrimination on grounds of religion, or belief, age, disability or sexual orientation. MEPs want the directive to cover transport, telecommunications, information, financial services, culture and leisure. Source:Source: European Commission (2009) , http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_information/dissemination/diseases/alzheimer_en.htm
  • 51. European Union Current Actions on Dementia EU Actions The role of the EU in research • One of the most widely recognised roles of the EU with regard to dementia is in the field of research. There is a growing consensus on the value of pooling and coordinating research activity and agendas on dementia. The EU is perceived by many to be instrumental in supporting dementia research initiatives to produce new treatments, preventions and possible cures for the set of diseases. • The Sixth and Seventh Framework Programme has been critical in this respect. • FP6 (2002 06) offered ambitious and varied funding schemes and instruments for research on Alzheimer's disease, mostly under "life sciences, genomics and biotechnology for health" (with a clear focus on genomics). • FP7 (2007–13) offers an even wider range of funding opportunities for Alzheimer's disease research at EU level. Emphasis is on research, taking knowledge from lab bench to bedside, and on the development of new drug targets. Public health, including mental health, is a new area of research. FP7 includes three new funding schemes to fill the gaps left by FP6: the European Research Council (ERC), the Joint Technology Initiatives (JTI) and the ERA-NET plus. • The Competitiveness Council adopted on September 2008 Council Conclusions on a common commitment by the Member States to combat neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s, recommending the launch of a European initiative bringing together Member States, the Commission and other stakeholders with a view to not only mobilise and maintain available researchers in Europe , but also to train sufficient numbers of new specialists in order to reduce the impact of the neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's. . Source:Source: European Commission (2009) , http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_information/dissemination/diseases/alzheimer_en.htm
  • 52. European Union Current Actions on Dementia EU Actions The role of the EU in research -continued • As a consequence of the Competitiveness Council decision on September 2008 a proposal for a Council Recommendation on measures to combat neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer’s through Joint Programming of research activities was adopted on 22nd July 2009. • The long awaited Joint Programming Initiative invites Member States to work towards a common vision of how research cooperation and coordination at European level can help to understand, detect, prevent and combat ND, especially AD, and develop a Strategic Research Agenda (SRA). • Areas of Joint Programming might include: exchanging information on national programmes, research activities and health care systems, identifying areas which would benefit from coordination, joint calls or the pooling of resources, facilitating transdisciplinary and cross-sectoral mobility and training;and exploring the joint exploitation of research infrastructures and the networking of research centres. • The Recommendation also invites Member States to cooperate with the Commission with a view to exploring possible Commission initiatives, using the facilities provided by the existing instruments, to assist Member States in developing and implementing the common research agenda or to promote JP in this area. • The European Commission also launched a joint research and innovation programme with 23 European countries on ICT products and services for ageing well and large scale pilot projects with regions addressing ICT solutions for elderly people with cognitive problems and mild dementia and as well as their carers . Source:Source: European Commission (2009) , http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_information/dissemination/diseases/alzheimer_en.htm
  • 53. European Union Current Actions on Dementia EU Actions The role of research on neurodegeneration at the EU level Source: European Commission (Oct 2008) French Presidency Conference on ‘The Fight Against Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders
  • 54. European Union Current Actions on Dementia EU Actions Funding of Neurodegenerative Diseases- Areas covered in FP6
  • 55. European Union Current Actions on Dementia EU Actions Funding of Neurodegenerative Diseases- Areas covered in FP7
  • 56. European Union Current Actions on Dementia – FP7 and EU Actions Brain Research Source: European Commission (Oct 2008) French Presidency Conference on ‘The Fight Against Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders
  • 57. European Union Current Actions on Dementia – FP7 and EU Actions Brain Research Source: European Commission (Oct 2008) French Presidency Conference on ‘The Fight Against Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders
  • 58. Conclusion Conclusion • The ageing population across Europe is a testament to our success as a society and advances in health, wealth and lifestyle. • In the presence of such a shift in the age of our population, society must adapt to and respond to the challenges and opportunities this presents. • Commensurate with population ageing the number of people with dementia across the EU is set to increase, how Member States respond to this challenge is critical. • Dementia is emerging as a policy priority in many of the EU Institutions and in many European Member States. • How each Member States responds to dementia with regard to systems and structures is distinct and unique, however there are growing commonalities in approach. • While health and social care are seen as traditionally the exclusive preserve of EU Member States, given the continuous convergence of health systems across the EU, it is now recognised there is an emerging role for the EU. • The European Union Institutions are ideally situated to foster, promote and stimulate collaboration through its legislative and non-legislative actions and initiatives.