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Safe Food, Fair Food: Summary of findings
on gender-related issues within sheep and
goat value chains in Ethiopia
Tamsin Dewé, Barbara Rischkowsky, Kristina Rösel, Delia Grace
Livestock and Fish Gender Working Group
Workshop and Planning Meeting
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 14-18 October 2013
Safe Food, Fair Food
 Protecting the health of poor consumers
and
 Safeguarding livelihoods of poor livestock
keepers and other value chain actors
Background
 Looking at risks to food safety and
nutrition within sheep and goat value
chains
 Trying to identify opportunities for
further research and intervention
 Ultimate goal is to ensure adequate
intake of safe and nutritious foods, while
protecting the livelihoods of poor value
chain actors
Study sites in Ethiopia
# VCs

District

Sites/villages/
communities

Region

Highlands
1 Sheep 1

Atsbi

1.

Tigray

Doyogena

2. Golgol na’ele
1. Serea

SNNP

Menz

2. Bkafa
1. Molale

Amhara

Horro/Shambu

2. Mehal Meda
1. Gitlo

Oromia

Abergelle

2. Lakku Iggu
1. Sazba (Amhara)

2 Sheep 2
3 Sheep 3
4 Sheep 4
5 Goat 1

Habes

2. Felegehiwot
(Tigray)
Lowlands
6 Goat 2

Yabello (Borana)

7 Goat/Sheep Shinelle

Amhara/
Tigray

1.

Eleweya

Oromia

2.
1.

Darito
Gad

Somalia

2.

Degah Jebis
Activities
 Rapid assessment conducted at
each site
– Participatory rural appraisals
(PRAs) with producer and
consumer groups
– Focus group discussions (FGDs)
with mothers of young children

 Topics included animal health,
consumption patterns, food
preparation, and perceptions of
quality and safety of sheep and
goat meat and milk
Results
 Food preparation exclusively by women
• Cooking indoors over fire exposes women
and girls to potentially toxic fumes
Results
 Men are given better meat cuts to give
them strength for work
 Preferential feeding of red meat and liver
to pregnant women
– To prevent anemia and nutritional deficiency

 Consumption of raw meat and milk also
reported for pregnant women
– Risk to mother and fetus
Results
 Cultural taboo against women
drinking whole milk in
Abergelle
– Makes women crazy, difficult to
handle
– Early onset of puberty in girls

 Women consume butter and
use it as cosmetics
Results
Summary of gender-related consumption practices
Site
Abergelle
Amhara

Women
Men preferentially given high-quality cuts
Women do not consume whole milk
Women more likely to consume butter (which is also used externally for
hair and skin)

Abergelle
Tigray

Men preferentially given high-quality cuts
Women do not consume whole milk
Women more likely to consume butter (which is also used externally for
hair and skin)
Pregnant women prefer liver and kidney

Atsbi

Collection of small pieces from each part of the animal given to women for
health
Women use butter for cosmetics

Borena
Doyogena
Horro

Pregnant women prefer red meat and liver
Pregnant women prefer liver or dulet
Either no difference between the genders, or women prefer red meat, liver
and intestines

Menz
Shinelle

Women prefer to avoid fat
Women use butter as cosmetics
Pregnant women prefer sheep and goat milk
Results
Division of labor in sheep and goat management, Alaba (SNNP)
Responsibility
Task
Flock herding
Cut-and-carry
grasses/browses
Watering flock
Clean flock barn
Cares for young flock
Fattening management
Treat sick flock
Milk goats
Process goat milk
Sale sheep and goats at
markets
Decide on use of
proceeds
Owner of the flocks

Men
32.1

Women
12.3

Boys
45.8

Girls
8.3

Hired
labor
1.4

29.5
40.3
–
20.6
43.1
85
–
–

33.8
12.4
66
44.9
34.8
1.8
80.4
67.1

25.9
45.6
2.9
26.6
17.2
13.2
–
–

9.5
1.3
31.1
7.9
4.5
–
19.6
32.9

1.3
0.4
–
–
0.4
–
–
–

82.2

5.2

12.6

–

–

73.7
68.2

20.2
29

6.1
2.8

–
–

–
–

Solomon Gizaw, Azage Tegegne, Berhanu Gebremedhin and Dirk Hoekstra. Improving sheep and goat production and
marketing systems in Ethiopia: Characteristics and strategies for improvement. IPMS working paper No 23.
Conclusions
 Gender roles may have large influence on
health and nutrition risks
– Further research needed
 Low level of consumption of ASF due to
economic constraints and religious
practices
 Major risk in this value chain is nutritional
deficiency
– Protein, iron, zinc, vitamins A and B12
Safe Food, Fair Food
 Tamsin Dewé, Consultant
tamsindewe@gmail.com

 Kristina Rösel, Project Co-Ordinator
k.rosel@cgiar.org

All photo credits to ILRI/ Tamsin Dewé unless otherwise indicated

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Safe Food, Fair Food: Summary of findings on gender-related issues within sheep and goat value chains in Ethiopia

  • 1. Safe Food, Fair Food: Summary of findings on gender-related issues within sheep and goat value chains in Ethiopia Tamsin Dewé, Barbara Rischkowsky, Kristina Rösel, Delia Grace Livestock and Fish Gender Working Group Workshop and Planning Meeting Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 14-18 October 2013
  • 2. Safe Food, Fair Food  Protecting the health of poor consumers and  Safeguarding livelihoods of poor livestock keepers and other value chain actors
  • 3. Background  Looking at risks to food safety and nutrition within sheep and goat value chains  Trying to identify opportunities for further research and intervention  Ultimate goal is to ensure adequate intake of safe and nutritious foods, while protecting the livelihoods of poor value chain actors
  • 4. Study sites in Ethiopia # VCs District Sites/villages/ communities Region Highlands 1 Sheep 1 Atsbi 1. Tigray Doyogena 2. Golgol na’ele 1. Serea SNNP Menz 2. Bkafa 1. Molale Amhara Horro/Shambu 2. Mehal Meda 1. Gitlo Oromia Abergelle 2. Lakku Iggu 1. Sazba (Amhara) 2 Sheep 2 3 Sheep 3 4 Sheep 4 5 Goat 1 Habes 2. Felegehiwot (Tigray) Lowlands 6 Goat 2 Yabello (Borana) 7 Goat/Sheep Shinelle Amhara/ Tigray 1. Eleweya Oromia 2. 1. Darito Gad Somalia 2. Degah Jebis
  • 5. Activities  Rapid assessment conducted at each site – Participatory rural appraisals (PRAs) with producer and consumer groups – Focus group discussions (FGDs) with mothers of young children  Topics included animal health, consumption patterns, food preparation, and perceptions of quality and safety of sheep and goat meat and milk
  • 6. Results  Food preparation exclusively by women • Cooking indoors over fire exposes women and girls to potentially toxic fumes
  • 7. Results  Men are given better meat cuts to give them strength for work  Preferential feeding of red meat and liver to pregnant women – To prevent anemia and nutritional deficiency  Consumption of raw meat and milk also reported for pregnant women – Risk to mother and fetus
  • 8. Results  Cultural taboo against women drinking whole milk in Abergelle – Makes women crazy, difficult to handle – Early onset of puberty in girls  Women consume butter and use it as cosmetics
  • 9. Results Summary of gender-related consumption practices Site Abergelle Amhara Women Men preferentially given high-quality cuts Women do not consume whole milk Women more likely to consume butter (which is also used externally for hair and skin) Abergelle Tigray Men preferentially given high-quality cuts Women do not consume whole milk Women more likely to consume butter (which is also used externally for hair and skin) Pregnant women prefer liver and kidney Atsbi Collection of small pieces from each part of the animal given to women for health Women use butter for cosmetics Borena Doyogena Horro Pregnant women prefer red meat and liver Pregnant women prefer liver or dulet Either no difference between the genders, or women prefer red meat, liver and intestines Menz Shinelle Women prefer to avoid fat Women use butter as cosmetics Pregnant women prefer sheep and goat milk
  • 10. Results Division of labor in sheep and goat management, Alaba (SNNP) Responsibility Task Flock herding Cut-and-carry grasses/browses Watering flock Clean flock barn Cares for young flock Fattening management Treat sick flock Milk goats Process goat milk Sale sheep and goats at markets Decide on use of proceeds Owner of the flocks Men 32.1 Women 12.3 Boys 45.8 Girls 8.3 Hired labor 1.4 29.5 40.3 – 20.6 43.1 85 – – 33.8 12.4 66 44.9 34.8 1.8 80.4 67.1 25.9 45.6 2.9 26.6 17.2 13.2 – – 9.5 1.3 31.1 7.9 4.5 – 19.6 32.9 1.3 0.4 – – 0.4 – – – 82.2 5.2 12.6 – – 73.7 68.2 20.2 29 6.1 2.8 – – – – Solomon Gizaw, Azage Tegegne, Berhanu Gebremedhin and Dirk Hoekstra. Improving sheep and goat production and marketing systems in Ethiopia: Characteristics and strategies for improvement. IPMS working paper No 23.
  • 11. Conclusions  Gender roles may have large influence on health and nutrition risks – Further research needed  Low level of consumption of ASF due to economic constraints and religious practices  Major risk in this value chain is nutritional deficiency – Protein, iron, zinc, vitamins A and B12
  • 12. Safe Food, Fair Food  Tamsin Dewé, Consultant tamsindewe@gmail.com  Kristina Rösel, Project Co-Ordinator k.rosel@cgiar.org All photo credits to ILRI/ Tamsin Dewé unless otherwise indicated