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Gender in value chain: ILRI/IPMS experience in Ethiopia
1. Gender in Value Chain: ILRI/IPMS
Experience in Ethiopia
Ephrem Tesema
Multi-Stakeholder’s Symposium on Empowering Women in Value Chains
Beshale Hotel, Addis Ababa, 15 March 2012
3. Background to ILRI/IPMS Project
Market Oriented Agricultural Productivity
(Crop & Livestock)
Gender Sensitive Approach
Innovative Approach
Targeted Smallholder men & women
Farmers
Commodity Based
4. Objective of ILRI/IPMS
Increased Productivity
Ensured Market Success
Capacity Building and Partnership
5. Target PLW
10 PLW in 4 regions
4PAS/woreda
10-28 community members/PA
1/3-1/2 are women participants
Separate discussions held with M&W
4 communities involved in the analysis
6. Objective IPMS Gender Analysis
To understand the role of men & women in
rural communities:
-Production
-Marketing
-Decision Making
- Benefit Sharing
7. Gender Objective Cont’d
To identify potential barriers:
-For men’s and women’s participation in
market led development initiative
To identify
-The required action by the project
-potential partners
9. Focus of the Analysis
Division of labor in commodity production
Gender roles in marketing commodities
Access, control and benefits of resources
Control of income from the sale of
commodities
Decision making roles…
10. Sharing & Dissemination
Using various events
Using various communication Mediums
Publication
-Working papers
-Participatory toolkits
-Training manuals
-IEC Materials
11. Findings/Learning (Gender in Rural
Population)
Gender Characteristics of Rural populations
Women
-Workload of rural women In Ethiopia
-Most rural women work 10-12 hours/day
-Vary b/n wet & dry season
-Have little time for leisure or socializing
-Major source of labor in agriculture
12. Findings/Learning Cont’d
-Engaged in diverse off-farm activities,
-Influenced by the local farming
systems
-Resource endowments
-Wealth in rich and middle wealth hhs
-Half less time to participate in formal dev.
13. Findings/Learning Cont’d
-Sell fuel wood, sorghum/maize stalk
-Engaged in cotton spinning or injera
making for sell
-Brewing and selling local alcohol
Men
-Work as casual laborer on farm and
in the home of rich HHs
14. Findings/Learning Cont’d
-Men also undertake a wide range of off-
farm activities influenced by wealth
-Rich men involved in activities that
require capital
-Trading in agricultural product
-Investing in processing equipments
-Lending money
-Poor HHs work as casual laborers
-Migrate temporarily for work
15. Findings/Learning Cont’d
-In rain fed farming systems, men’s
workload is lightest during the dry season
compared to HHs with access to irrigated
land
FHH
-15-35% average in Ethiopia
-Belongs to poorer HH in most communities
16. Findings/Learning Cont’d
• -Few FHH in the rich or middle wealth
categories
-The challenges of FHHs are different
from those MHHs
-Often overlooked by development
partners
17. Findings/Learning Cont’d
Production (skill, input & Technology)
Men
-Dominate decisions HH /information
-Higher access for technology/Skills
-Higher control for productive assets
-Dominate decision in Technology uptake
18. Findings/Learning Cont’d
Women
Lack of access for formal information
sources
Lack of access for skills training
Lack of access for extensions services
Less involved in uptake of improved T.
But situations vary ( HH types, region etc.)
19. Key Lessons from IPMS
Couples Training
Enforce gender balanced involvement in
Trainings
Taking skills to the village (FTC)
Capacitate front line development agents
Women’s involvement:
- field day, visits, exhibitions etc.
Linkage with GO,NGO and PS
20. Key Lessons from IPMS
Women Dominated commodities
Men Dominated commodities
Commodities done by both sexes
Training Composition (%)
Ways of Information Dissemination
21. Findings/Learning Cont’d
Market( men, women, poor, middle & rich)
-Men from R & M HH sell major crops
-Travel distant markets/secure better prices
-Women & poor farmers accept prices at
local markets
-Same directly sell to consumers
-Men in better off HH sell P. to P. traders
& cooperatives
22. Key Lesson from Marketing
Market engagement differs for men &
women (wealth & HH category)
Women have little control over high value
crops
Of 13 crop commodities men controls
income from 11crops
Women controls & share income only
from 2 crops
23. Challenges
Partnership
Availability of Technology
Partner staff mobility
Gender balance in partner public org.
Capital scarcity stands as a major barrier
-women farmers
- poor
- tends to leave them out of the technology
development process
24. Conclusion
While designing projects
-Gender diagnostic analysis
-women potentials not part of the problems
It is also relevant to consider
• -input preferences of women in the
value chain analysis (market/home
consumption)
• -Mapping men and women roles
• -Its relevance in gender in value chain
25. Conclusion
• - Challenges of men/women in technology
uptake
• -Challenges in accessing financial and
other productive resources
• -Mapping institutions along the value
chain and its gender aspect
26. Conclusion
Emphasis:
It is required to conduct site and
commodity specific analysis to
understand gender roles and
relations in livestock and crop value
chain:
Diagnostic…Gender in V C.
27. Thanks
W/ro Elfinesh Bermeji, a successful women farmer sharing her experience on beekeeping
for AGP-gender Trainees, from Tigrai, Amhara, Oromiya and SNNP Regional
State,Denkaka PA, Adaa IPMS Pilot Learning Woreda, Oromia,Photo by Ephrem
Tesema,Nov.18,2011.