Presented by Raymond Brandes at the Livestock and Fish Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning planning meeting, Nairobi, 27-28 November 2013

1. Draft indicators for the CGIAR Research Program on
Livestock and Fish intermediate development outcomes
Raymond Brandes
Livestock and Fish Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning
planning meeting, Nairobi, 27-28 November 2013

2. Why IDO indicators?
<8 yrs
Research phase
12 yrs
Development
phase
20 yrs

3. Indicator hierarchy
20 yrs
System-Level Outcome (SLO)
12 yrs
Development
phase
<8 yrs
Research
phase
System-Level Outcome (SLO)
Intermediate Development Outcome (IDO)
IDO indicator
Medium-term
IDO indicator
Medium-term
IDO indicator
IDO indicator
Medium-term
IDO indicator
Medium-term
IDO indicator

4. Criteria for developing IDO indicators
DOPA criteria for indicators
Direct: closely measure the intended change.
Objective: unambiguous about what is being measured and which data
to be collected and clear operational definition that is independent of
the person conducting the measurement.
Practical: reasonable in terms of data collection cost, frequency, and
timeliness for decision-making purposes.
Adequate: the minimum number of indicators necessary to ensure that
progress towards the output is sufficiently captured.
Additional requirement:
Applicable to all value chains as much as possible: each value chain has
to be able to show its contribution to the achievement of the IDO in a
similar way to enable aggregation.

5. Explanation of categories
Indicator
Name for subject of analysis
Type of indicator
Quantitative (quantifiable data; objective) or qualitative (qualities or
characteristics; subjective)
Designation
Reference number
Definition
Explanation of the indicator
Rationale
Reasoning or logic for having the indicator
Unit
A standard to express the magnitude of a measurement
Disaggregated by
Breakdown of data to enable more detailed analysis
Calculation tool
Way to convert data into a value that indicates the progress of the
desired change
Interpretation key
Expression of desired direction of change
Data requirements
Kind of data needed and the means to get it through (source)
Measurement
notes
More detailed description on the collection of data (level of
collection, who collects data, how data should be collected and
frequency of collection)
Unit of analysis
Entity (what or who) being studied/analyzed
Comment
Any other remarks

6. IDO1: Increased livestock and fish productivity in smallscale production systems for the target commodities.
Indicator
Annual Milk Yield
Definition
Litres of milk produced per animal per year
Data requirements
Data: Calving interval (days) to adjust for effective milk production
per lactation, litres of milk produced per animal breed per year, and
total number of lactating cows
Data source: Farm and household surveys
Indicator
Annual Fish Yield
Definition
The gross weight of fish produced in kilograms per hectares per year
Data requirements
Data: Gross weight of harvested fish per year, size of farm
land/ponds
Data source: Farm production data
Indicator
Meat yield per animal
Definition
The live weight before slaughter of the animal
Data requirements
Data: animal weight before slaughter
Data source: farm surveys

7. IDO1: Increased livestock and fish productivity in smallscale production systems for the target commodities.
Indicator
Annual Kidding Percentage
Definition
Kidding percentage per year
Data requirements
Data: Number of kids born per animal per year; total number of
animals expected to have kids per year.
Data source: Farm and household surveys
Indicator
Litter size
Definition
Number of piglets born alive at birth
Data requirements
Data: number of litters produced per sow
Data source: farm and household survey
Indicator
Weaning percentage
Definition
Weaning percentage is a measure of survivability of newborn
animals. It looks at mortality rate of kids before weaning.
Data requirements
Data: number of newborn animals that die before weaning, total
number of newborn animals
Data source: farm survey

8. IDO1: Increased livestock and fish productivity in smallscale production systems for the target commodities.
Indicator
Annual mortality rate
Definition
Percentage cattle/fish/sheep/goat/pig mortality rate per year
Data requirements
Data: Total number of animals on a location during the risk days,
number of risk days and animals that die during the risk days.
Data source: Household /farm surveys

9. IDO2: INCREASED QUANTITY AND IMPROVED QUALITY OF
THE TARGET COMMODITY SUPPLIED FROM THE TARGET
SMALL-SCALE PRODUCTION AND MARKETING SYSTEMS.
Indicator
Quantity of target commodity supplied
Definition
Per capita supply of the target commodity per day by target
producers
Data requirements
Data: Total production of target commodity in a defined
geographical boundary, populations in the geographical unit,
number of days in the reference period.
Data source: Secondary data, and farm/household surveys
Indicator
Quality of target commodity supplied
Definition
Proportion of the target commodity meets minimum quality
standards set by national food laws/regulations.
Data requirements
Data: inspection reports
Data source: secondary data from relevant ministries/department
responsible for inspection of livestock products (or by CRP4)

10. IDO3: INCREASED EMPLOYMENT AND INCOME FOR LOWINCOME ACTORS IN THE TARGET VALUE CHAINS, WITH
AN INCREASED SHARE OF EMPLOYMENT FOR AND
INCOME CONTROLLED BY LOW-INCOME WOMEN.
Indicator
Total household income
Definition
Total household income (cash and non-cash) for low income value
chain participants.
Data requirements
Data: Income (cash and non-cash) from both farm and other income
sources. Farm income includes all income from farming activities.
Other income sources include off-farm employment, businesses,
and remittances or pensions, etc. Consumption of own product
(target commodity) should be included as well as other forms of in
kind income sources.
Data source: Secondary data and farm/household surveys
Indicator
Household income from target commodity
Definition
Household income from target commodity earned by low income
value chain participants.
Data requirements
Data: Income from target commodity by low income value chain
actors (as producers, but including the target commodity for own
consumption)
Data source: Secondary data, farm surveys

11. IDO3: INCREASED EMPLOYMENT AND INCOME FOR LOWINCOME ACTORS IN THE TARGET VALUE CHAINS, WITH
AN INCREASED SHARE OF EMPLOYMENT FOR AND
INCOME CONTROLLED BY LOW-INCOME WOMEN.
Indicator
Women’s control of household income
Definition
Proportion of households in which women reporting control of
significant part of household income from participating in target
value chain.
Data requirements
Data: number of households in which women control income from
participating in target value chain and total number of households
in the sample
Data source: secondary data, farm surveys
Indicator
Employment opportunities
Definition
Number of jobs attributed to program intervention in the target
value chain.
Data requirements
Data: jobs attributed to livestock and fish program activities in the
value chain
Data source: secondary data, farm surveys

12. IDO4: INCREASED CONSUMPTION OF TARGET
COMMODITY RESPONSIBLE FOR FILLING A LARGER
SHARE OF THE NUTRIENT GAP FOR THE POOR,
PARTICULARLY FOR NUTRITIONALLY VULNERABLE
POPULATIONS (WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE AND
YOUNG CHILDREN).
Indicator
Dietary Diversity Index (DDI)
Definition
Dietary Diversity Index (DDI) is a count of the different foods or food
groups over a specified period of time (reference period).
Data requirements
Data: Household food consumption data (more detail through
surveying each individual of selected households)
Data source: secondary data, household surveys
Indicator
Consumption of target commodities by target population
Definition
Proportion of households and its individual members of target
population consuming target commodities (beyond minimum
threshold amount) over a specified period of time (reference
period).
Data requirements
Data: Household food consumption data (more detail through
surveying each individual of selected households)
Data source: secondary data, farm surveys

13. IDO5: LOWER ENVIRONMENT IMPACTS PER UNIT OF
COMMODITY PRODUCED IN THE TARGET VALUE CHAINS.
Indicator
Green House Gas (GHG) emission
Definition
GHG emitted per unit of target commodity
Data requirements
Data: Herd sizes, manure management, feed use data, milk
production, carbon stocks, deforestation
Data source: Life cycle assessments

14. DEVELOPMENT ACTORS RECOGNIZE AND SUPPORT THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE SMALL-SCALE PRODUCTION AND
MARKETING SYSTEMS, AND SEEK TO INCREASE THE
PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN WITHIN THESE VALUE
CHAINS, WILL CONTRIBUTE TO ALL OUTCOMES AT THE
SYSTEM LEVEL.
Indicator
Conducive policy and development stakeholder context in support
of small-scale production and marketing systems
Definition
Level of existence of a conducive policy (incl. investments) and
development stakeholder context which is supportive to the
development of small-scale production and marketing systems.
Data requirements
Data: policies and development actors programmes concerned
Data source: secondary data, value chain community survey

15. CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish
livestockfish.cgiar.org
CGIAR is a global partnership that unites organizations engaged in research for a food secure future. The CGIAR Research
Program on Livestock and Fish aims to increase the productivity of small-scale livestock and fish systems in sustainable
ways, making meat, milk and fish more available and affordable across the developing world.