Presented by Tom Randolph at a GCARD 2 Pre-Conference Meeting, Punta de Este, Uruguay, 27 October 2012

1. Mobilizing AR4D partnerships
to improve access to critical animal-
source foods
Tom Randolph
GCARD 2 Pre-Conference Meeting
Punta de Este, Uruguay, 27 October 2012

2. The flow
1. How we have framed the context for the Program
2. Our approach: what is different
3. The critical role of development partnerships
4. The development partnership challenge
(and our objective today!)

3. The challenge
 Can research accelerate livestock and aquaculture
development to benefit the poor?
o Mixed record to date
o Systematic under-investment
o Also related to our research-for-development model?
 Focus of new CGIAR Research Program
o Increase productivity of small-scale systems
o ‘by the poor’  poverty reduction
o ‘for the poor’  food security

4. Correcting perceptions
1. Animal-source foods are a luxury and bad for health, so
should not promote
2. Small-scale production and marketing systems are
disappearing; sector is quickly industrializing
3. Livestock and aquaculture development will have
negative environmental impacts

5. Our underlying hypothesis
 Livestock and Blue Revolutions: accelerating demand in
developing countries as urbanization and incomes rise
 Industrial systems will provide a large part of the needed
increase in supply to cities and the better-off in some
places
 But the poor will often continue to rely on small-scale
production and marketing systems
 If able to respond, they could contribute, both increasing
supplies and reducing poverty
 …and better manage the transition for
many smallholder households

6. Managing the transition
 Estimates for smallholders in Africa and Latin America
(Wiggins 2012; Dorward 2009) :
1/3 Will ‘step up’ to become commercial
farmers
1/3 Will ‘step out’ and work for other, go to
the city
1/3 Could go either way
 Can 2/3 be enabled to develop into commercial
producers, accumulate capital and transition out of
agriculture?
 deeper rural economic growth
 avoid social disruption
(Johnston et al. 1995)

7. But productivity gap remains despite
investment in livestock development
Meat
(kg output/kg biomass/yr)
0.2
1980 2005 0.17
0.11
0.08
0.06 0.06
0.03 0.04
Africa Latin America South Asia Industrialized
Countries
Biomass is calculated as inventory x average liveweight. Output is
given as carcass weight.
Source: (Steinfeld et al 2006)

8. But productivity gap remains despite
investment in livestock development (2)
Milk (kg/cow/yr)
6350
1980 2005 4226
1021 1380 904
411 397 517
Africa Latin America South Asia Industrialized
Countries
Source: (Steinfeld et al 2006)

9. Aquaculture lagging too
annual growth rate of aquaculture 2007-2015 needed to
satisfy fish demand
source: Cai (2011)

10. A smarter approach?
 Drawing from recent experiences, can we accelerate
research to impact?
 Objective of new CGIAR Research
Program on Livestock and Fish

11. Goal
More milk, meat and fish by and for the poor
To sustainably increase the productivity of
small-scale livestock and fish systems to increase
the availability and affordability of animal-source
foods for poor consumers and,
in doing so, reduce poverty through greater
participation by the poor along the whole value
chains for animal-source foods.

12. Basic Idea: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact
Traditional approach was piecemeal
Past research has focused specific aspects
of given value chains, commodities and country.
Consumers
...in Country A
Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers
...in Country B
Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers
...in Country C
Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers
...in Country D

13. Approach: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact
#1: Addressing the whole value chain
#2+3: Working directly to impact at scale with development partners
R4D integrated to transform selected value chains
In targeted commodities and countries.
Consumers
Major intervention with development partners
Value chain development team + research partners
Strategic L&F CRP Cross-cutting Platforms
• Technology Generation
• Market Innovation
• Targeting & Impact
INTERVENTIONS TO SCALE GLOBAL RESEARCH
OUT REGIONALLY PUBLIC GOODS

14. #4 Focus, focus, focus!
Working in only 9 target value chains

15. Status
 Partnership of 4 CGIAR Centers
 ILRI
 WorldFish Center
 CIAT
 ICARDA
 Officially started January 1st, 2012
 Engaging with partners
 Consolidating ongoing activities, and developing
strategy by component and value chain

16. 3-year Budget Envelope by Component
Program
TOTAL Approved = US$99.6m Management
2/3’s funding secured $5.6m
Institutional
Overhead
$16.3m
Targeting,
Gender and
Impact Technology
$13.3m Development
$43.3m
Value Chain
Development
$20.9m

17. Approach: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact
How we are visioning the evolving roles of development partnership
Along the Impact Pathway
Research
Relative degree of involvement
Knowledge
partners Experiments partner
Evaluation
Evidence Attracting
Assessment investment
Mobilization
Best bets
Implementing
large-scale
interventions
Design
Piloting
Lessons Advocacy
Context Dissemination
Development
partners
Year 1  Year 8-12
Program horizon in a target value chain

18. Approach: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact
Different types of partners will be needed…
Research
Relative degree of involvement
partners
CGIAR Universities
NARS ARIs
Media
International NGOs
Consumer
Local NGO/CBOs Private Sector lobbies
 Community development  SMSE
 Livestock/aquaculture  Commercial
Development
 Inputs/services Producer organizations partners
Year 1  Year 8-12
Program horizon in a target value chain

19. Approach: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact
Relative degree of involvement Different modalities…
Research
partners • Work as an alliance with
common objective
CGIAR Universities • Establish long-term strategic
NARS ARIs partnership
Media
International NGOs
Consumer
Local NGO/CBOs Private Sector lobbies
 Community development  SMSE
 Livestock/aquaculture  Commercial
Development
 Inputs/services Producer organizations partners
Year 1  Year 8-12
Program horizon in a target value chain

20. The AR4D Partnership Challenge
 ‘Partnership’ often form of subcontracting
 Recent experiences highlight difficulties
 Different motivations, ways of measuring success
 Different ways of working: timeliness, definition of
evidence

21. The AR4D Partnership Challenge
 Development view of Research partners
 Too slow, inefficient
 Imposes own solution, doesn’t listen
 Extractive, doesn’t feed back
 Doesn’t share credit
 Research view of Development partners
 Executes a formula without analysis
 No rigorous evaluation, so limited ‘learning’
 Driven by the anecdotal
 Identified as a ‘critical success factor’ to achieve
impact in our program
 Head of Development Partnership as member of
management team

22. Our objective today
 Analyse what makes AR4D partnerships work/fail
 How do their incentives to partner align/differ?
 How do their expectations align/differ?
 What principles, processes, modalities help create
healthy partnership?

23. Output: a partnership strategy
 Purpose: create and nurture effective partnership
between research and development actors for an
accelerated AR4D process to achieve impact at scale
 Strategic objectives: what will success look like?
 Number of partnerships established meeting
criteria?
 % of funds mobilized by development partners
 Development partners sharing in governance?
 Critical success factors:
 Ex. Articulating a common purpose
 Actions?

24. CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish
livestockfish.cgiar.org
CGIAR is a global partnership that unites organizations engaged in research for a food secure future. The CGIAR Research
Program on Livestock and Fish aims to increase the productivity of small-scale livestock and fish systems in sustainable
ways, making meat, milk and fish more available and affordable across the developing world.