Rangelands are important for livelihoods and the environment. Rangeland management can contribute to carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, and water resources through improved grazing practices, restoration of degraded lands, and fire management. Payment for ecosystem services schemes could incentivize good rangeland stewardship while supporting livelihoods, but challenges remain in accurately measuring and monitoring carbon stocks and other benefits, as well as establishing payment mechanisms. Case studies from Kenya demonstrate how payments for wildlife conservation have successfully reduced poverty and increased equity among communities.

1. Promoting carbon sequestration and payment for ecosystem service schemes:The case for rangelands Jimmy Smith THE WORLD BANK Meeting of the Norwegian Climate Network, Oslo, 31 August 2011

3. There are opportunities for rangeland management to contribute to:

4. Carbon stocks

5. Biodiversity

6. Water resources

7. Incentives for good management need to contribute to livelihoods

8. Challenges for measuring, monitoring and payments remainKey messages

10. Biodiversity

11. Water and sediment management

13. Under saturation offers scope to sequester carbon:

14. Improved grazing management

15. Management to build organic matter

16. Managing fire

18. Incentives structure for good rangeland management

19. Assessing and rewarding good management

20. Co-benefits (water, soil health, biodiversity)

21. Mechanisms for funding

22. Research and payments

23. Institutional –local and global

24. Equity

25. Collective action vs. individual

27. Tropical arid and semi-arid rangeland based systems population density less than 20 persons/km² length of growing period (LGP) less than 60 days/annum no significant crop production possible

30. Multipurpose rangelands for livelihoods and the environment Livestock productivity “sustainable intensification” Environmental stewardship “Payment for Ecosystem Services”

31. Potential of rangelands for carbon sequestration?

32. Atmospheric C C sequestration  Reduce emissions X

33. Where is the carbon?

34. Potential C sequestration by 2040

35. Potential for carbon sequestration (Tg C/yr) in global rangelands of different grazing intensity Moderate grazing improves sequestration!

36. Potential of rangelands for other ecosystem services?

38. “Gene-banks” for animal and forage diversity

39. High level of endemism

42. Over 40 community based conservancies in Kenya (also southern Africa); I million ha

45. Reservoirs

46. Hydro plants

48. Flood prevention

50. There are opportunities for rangeland management to contribute to:

51. Carbon stocks

52. Biodiversity

53. Water resources

54. Incentives for good management need to contribute to livelihoods

55. Challenges for measuring, monitoring and payments remainKey messages

56. Thank you