Presented by Danilo Pezo, Michel Dione and Emily Ouma at the Planning workshop on 'assessing the impact of African Swine Fever in smallholder pig systems and the feasibility of potential interventions, Kampala, Uganda, 13 May 2013

1. The Smallholder Pig Value Chains Development
in Uganda (SPVCD) Project:
Where are we now?
Danilo Pezo, Michel Dione and Emily A. Ouma
Assessing the impact of African Swine Fever in smallholder pig systems
and the feasibility of potential interventions – Planning Workshop
Kampala, 13th May 2013

2. Importance OF Pig Production in Uganda
Pig production- a dynamic and rapidly growing sector in Uganda. In the
past three decades increased from 0.19 to 3.2 million pigs (UBOS, 2009;
FAO, 2011).
Uganda has the highest per capita consumption (3.4 kg/person/year) in
the region -10 times increase in the last 30 years, whereas beef is
declining (FAO, 2011)

3. Structure of the Pig Sector in Uganda
A large informal subsector
• More than1.1 million households.
• Backyard pig production, mainly managed by
women and children, as means to diversify risk
and increase livelihood security.
• Tethering & scavenging are common.
• In few districts, peri-urban small-scale semi-
intensive systems
• Uncoordinated trade & transport
• Mostly unsupervised slaughter, no meat
inspection in local markets, road-side butchers
• Pork joints

4. Farm
Systems:
Breeding
Growing/Fattening
Inputs and
Services
Pig breeder
Vet / Animal Prod
extension services
Agrovet / feed shop
owners
Feed manufacturers and
suppliers
Transporters of inputs
Post-farm
Live-pig traders
Transporters
Slaughterers
Pork Butchers
Pork processors- large
and medium
Supermarkets/
restaurants
Consumers
Actors in a typical pork value chain

5. Value chain map
SMALLHOLDER PRODUCER
PRIVATE-AHSP
GOVERNMENT-
AHSP
ANIMAL BASED
DRUG SHOPS
VILLAGE BOAR
BANKS
KNOWLEDGABLE
FARMERS
FEED MILLERS
FEED SHOPS
NEIGHBOURHOOD
BUTCHER (pork,
live pigs)
TRADER (live pigs)
NAADS
MFI
BUTCHER IN
OTHER TOWN
(pork)
WHOLESALER
FEEDS
PIGLETS FROM
NEIGHBOURS
ABBATOIR (pork)
PROCESSOR (pork,
sausages and bacon)
SUPERMARKETS/H
OTELS
PORK JOINTS
(pork)
CONSUMERS
SACCOS
NGO
Treatment, diagnosis,
prevention, drugs
Breeding,
replacement
pigs
Credit Mixed feeds,
maize bran
Extension
services
Bulking
Wholesaling/slaughtering
Retailing

6. SPVCD Project Goal
To improve the livelihoods,
incomes and assets of
smallholder pig producers,
particularly women, in a
sustainable manner,
through increased
productivity, reduced risk,
and improved access in pig
value chains

7. Objectives
 To identify market opportunities for pork in Uganda, and the
multiple factors preventing smallholder pig producers from
exploiting those opportunities, with focus on constraints
caused by animal disease threat, feed resources, and
performance of markets and services.
 To develop and pilot test a set of integrated packages for
smallholder pig production and market access for specific
production systems, resource profiles and market settings in
Uganda.
 To document, communicate and promote appropriate
evidence-based models for sustainable, pro-poor pig value
chains.

8. Pig value chain domains covered
Peri-
urban
Urban
Rural Urban
Rural Rural
Production Consumption

9. Background
 Funded by IFAD/EU (1st Jan 2011/ 31 Dec 2013).
 Effectively started in October 2012
 Part of the Livestock & Fish, By and For the Poor CGIAR
Program (CRP 3.7)
 Works closely with the Safe Food – Fair Food Project,
funded by GIZ (part of CRP 4.3)
 Partners at national level: NaLIRRI, MAAIF, NAADS, local
governments of Masaka, Mukono and Kamuli, Makerere
University, VEDCO, VSF-Belgium, the Uganda Piggery
Organization, among others.

10. Progress done (1)
 ILRI opens an office in Kampala (March 2012)
 ILRI-Uganda team in place (October 2012)
 Scoping of potential areas for the SPVCD operation
and contacts with partners (May – July 2012)
 A study entitled “The conditions within which the
smallholder pig value chains operate in Uganda: An
overview of past trends, current status, and likely
future directions” completed (December 2012)

11. Targeting Pig Value Chain Systems (2)
 GIS study at district/
sub-county level
considering:
 Pig population
 Pig density
 Poverty level

12. Participatory Selection of Sites (3)
 Participatory selection of
sites (October 2012)
using GIS results and
soft-criteria identified by
partners, such as:
 Potential partnerships
 Disease burden in pigs
 Presence/access to input
service providers
 Access all year round

13. Participatory Selection of Sites (4)

14. Selection of Target Sites (5)
 For each district, 4-6 sub-counties with high
pig population (MAAIF/UBOS Livestock
Census 2008) were selected.
 Consultations with partners (DVOs, NAADS
staff and local NGOs) in each of the selected
districts to identify the value chain domains
within the sub-counties.
 Site scoping with a minimum checklist
administered to few farmers and actors to
validate the value chain domains in each
sub-county and also identify villages to be
targeted for the value chain activities.

15. List of counties and sub-counties selected (6)
35 villages selected: 18 Rural – Rural, 7 Rural – Urban and 10 Urban - Urban

16. The VCA tool-kit components (7)
 Seasonal calendar
 Institutional interactions tool
 Production systems tool
 Social capital – involvement in collective action and benefits.
 Activity clock – gender roles in production and marketing.
 Decision-making tool – who makes decisions and who controls
the resources?
 Livelihood analysis – income sources.
 Value chain mapping
 Animal health
 Breeding
 Feeding
 Food safety and nutrition

17. Application of the VCA tool-kit (8)
Key informants Mixed groups
Women groups Plenary session
After a long VCA week, a social
gathering in a pork joint

18. VCA tool-kit for Other Actors (1)
INPUTS/SERVICE PROVIDERS
 Feed input stockists and millers.
 Vet drugs stockists.
 Service providers:
• Veterinarians/AHA/paravets
• Owners of village breeding boars
• Extension staff (public and private)
• Credit

19. VCA tool-kit for Other Actors (2)
OUTPUT
 Traders of live pigs (including collectors
and transporters)
 Slaughterhouses/abattoirs
 Processors (formal-Fresh Cuts/Quality
Cuts)
 Retailers (meat/processed products) –
butcheries, supermarkets, pork-joints
 Consumers – preferences for different
pig/pork product attributes – potentials
for a choice experiment study.

20. Few examples of VCA results – Animal health

21. Priority diseases identified and health related
constraints
*Swine erysipelas, anemia,
ticks, jiggers, heat stress, fever,
undiagnosed diseases usually
related to sudden death
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
RR
RU
UU
Disease Morbidity (%) Mortality (%) Case fatality (%)
ASF (Omusujja/Omusudha) 29 29 100
Worms (Enjoka/Ebiwuka) 37 14 39
Sarcoptic mange (Lukuku/Olukuku) 16 7 43
Diarrhea (Ekidukano/kwiidukana) 6 5 86
Lice (Ensekere/Nsekere) 5 1 24
Malnutrition (Endya embi) 4 3 66
FMD (Kalusu) 1 0.0 6
Midge biting (Kawawa) 1 0.2 18
*Others 1 0.5 73
Figure: list of constraints related to animal health according to farmers
Table: list of priority
disease identified by
farmers

22. Potential best bet technologies/practices/
interventions identified (1)
Short term
 Constraints: poor management, poor housing structure, lack of
knowledge and weak biosecurity measures
 Interventions/practices/technologies: training on husbandry practices
and farm management; model of improved housing; promote improved
biosecurity measures
 Protocol: sentinel herd approach; longitudinal monitoring; 1 sentinel and
1 control group of 20 small farms each in Kamuli and Masaka,
representative of all value chain types.
 Duration: 3 generations; regular monitoring and parameter’s
measurements every 4 months
 Materials: sentinel approach; incentive for farmers; animals
 Indicators: disease incidence/mortality (antigen detection, pathogen
isolation); outbreak reporting; production parameters (weight gain,
farrowing, etc…); herd entry/exit

23. Potential best bet technologies/practices/
interventions identified (2)
Medium/long term
 Early warning system (Community Animal Health
Network)
 Central laboratory and promote use of pen side
tests
 Promote central slaughter house
 One health concept: vaccination/deworming days
for pigs and raising awareness of public

24. Field sampling for animal health studies (1)
Objectives
• to assess the burden and risk factors associated with high priority diseases that
impact on the pig production including ASF, porcine cysticercosis and parasites.
• to genetically characterize the ASFV population circulating in the 3 research sites
• to further explore disease that have implication in the pig and public health, but
were not cited as high priority (diarrhea, FMD and zoonoses)
Sample size
• 400 adults animals per district, 1200 in total
Farm/pig selection
• 9, 6 and 4 villages in Masaka, Mukono and Kamuli, respectively; representing the
3 VC domains of interest (RR, RU and UU)
• Farms randomly selected using a sampling frame list generated by the DVOs in
each district
• One adult pig randomly chosen in each farm for sample collection

25. Field sampling for animal health studies (2)
Survey (farm level)
• A structured questionnaire addressing management practices, feeding, hygiene
and health of the pigs, in order to assess risk factors associated with targeted
diseases, administered in all farms where pigs were sampled.
• Specimen collected
• Blood in EDTA and plain tube, feces and ectoparasites physically seen during
the field work
Planned laboratory analysis
• HP10 ELISA (cysticercosis); blocking ELISA (ASF); Real time PCR (ASF);
genotyping (ASFV)
• Flotation/sedimentation for helminthes

26. The presentation has a Creative Commons licence. You are free to re-use or distribute this work, provided credit is given to ILRI.
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