Nishadi Eriyagama, Vladimir Smakhtin and Nilantha Gamage, International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Colombo, Sri Lanka, Second International Conference on Drought Managementm, Istanbul, Turkey, March, 2010

1. A GLOBAL PICTURE OF DROUGHT OCCURRENCE, MAGNITUDE, AND PREPAREDNESS Nishadi Eriyagama, Vladimir Smakhtin and Nilantha Gamage International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Colombo, Sri Lanka Second International Conference on Drought Management Istanbul, Turkey March, 2010

2. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE To examine the global patterns and impacts of droughts as an individual natural disaster Why? Affect all world regions Severe social and economic impacts, especially in developing countries Studies that map global patterns, impacts of droughts are limited or non-existent Climate change: more frequent, more severe and longer lasting droughts

4. SOME EXAMPLE INDICES Source: Figures created by N.Eriyagama (IWMI),2008 using data from AQUASTAT, ProdSTAT, Gridded Population of the World (Columbia University), University of East Anglia and the World Register of Dams (International Commission on Large Dams etc. Mean Annual Precipitation and variability Per Capita Mean Annual River Discharge Agricultural Water Crowding Drought Risk Index Mean Drought Run Duration Infrastructure Vulnerability Index Socioeconomic Drought Vulnerability Index Storage-Drought Duration Index Storage-Drought Deficit Index

5. MEAN ANNUAL PRECIPITATION, COEFFICIENT OF VARIABILITY & DROUGHT Mean Annual Precipitation Coefficient of Variability (CV) of Mean Annual Precipitation Probability (%) of annual precipitation in any year being less than 75% of its long term mean Naturally arid and semi-arid areas have higher CV and higher probability of drought occurrence Source: Figures created by N.Eriyagama (IWMI),2008 using data from AQUASTAT, ProdSTAT, Gridded Population of the World (Columbia University), University of East Anglia and the World Register of Dams (International Commission on Large Dams) etc.

7. STORAGE DROUGHT DURATION INDEX (SLI) What proportion of the annual hydrological drought duration can a country’s present storage satisfy, based on its monthly water needs If SLI>=1: Satisfactory Storage (green and blue) Source: Figure created by N.Eriyagama (IWMI),2008 using data from AQUASTAT, ProdSTAT, Gridded Population of the World (Columbia University) , University of East Anglia and the World Register of Dams (International Commission on Large Dams) etc.

8. STORAGE DROUGHT DEFICIT INDEX (SDI) What proportion of the annual hydrological drought deficit can a country’s present storage satisfy, based on its monthly water needs If SDI>=1: Susceptible to river fragmentation, overexploitation of freshwater resources (dark green and blue) Source: Figure created by N.Eriyagama (IWMI),2008 using data from AQUASTAT, ProdSTAT, Gridded Population of the World (Columbia University), University of East Anglia and the World Register of Dams (International Commission on Large Dams) etc.

9. INFRASTRUCTURE VULNERABILITY INDEX Infrastructure Vulnerability Index (0-100) Measure of Anti-drought coping capacity Source: Figures created by N.Eriyagama (IWMI),2008 using data from AQUASTAT, ProdSTAT, Gridded Population of the World (Columbia University), University of East Anglia and the World Register of Dams (International Commission on Large Dams etc. rural accessibility improved drinking water availability

10. SOCIOECONOMIC DROUGHT VULNERABILITY INDEX Measure of dependence on agriculture and diversity of crops Socioeconomic Drought Vulnerability Index (0-100) Source: Figure created by N.Eriyagama (IWMI),2008 using data from AQUASTAT, ProdSTAT, Gridded Population of the World (Columbia University), University of East Anglia and the World Register of Dams (International Commission on Large Dams etc. Percentage employed in agriculture Share of agricultural GDP Crops diversity

14. THANK YOU! http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/IWMI_Research_Reports/PDF/PUB133/RR133.aspx Reference : Eriyagama, Nishadi; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Gamage, Nilantha. 2009. Mapping drought patterns and impacts: a global perspective. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 23p. (IWMI Research Report 133) doi: 10.3910/2009.132 http://dx.doi.org/10.3910/2009.132