This is one of the presentations at the 1st day of "Technical Exchange on Jurisdictional REDD". See more at: http://www.idesam.org.br/technical-exchange-on-jurisdictional-redd-presentations/

1. COSTA RICA REDD+
program AND VCS
JNR Standard

2. Introduction
• Costa Rica’s R-PP was approved by the World Bank’s Forest Carbon
Partnership Facility in August 2010.
• Costa Rica’s revised ER-PIN was included in the pipelines of both
Tranche A and Tranche B of the Carbon Fund in March 2013.
• Costa Rica does not plan to allow participation by subnational
jurisdictions.
• The importance of JNR is in the nesting and accounting of projects for
Costa Rica as well as in providing a means for voluntary national
crediting in the pre-regulation period.
• A preliminary REL and MRV plan was reported in the R-PP, but this
should not be viewed as complete or final. Preliminary REL reported in
the R-PP has been reviewed in the ER-PIN.

3. Scale of the Costa Rica REDD+
program
Type Emission
Reduction
FONAFIFO PES
Program 1997-
2009
(1000 ha)
ER-Program
New Area 2010-
2020
(1000 ha)
REDD+ Program
Total Area
1997-2020
(1000 ha)
Avoided
deforestation (old
growth, and
regeneration)
2181 126 344
Secondary
growth,
reforestation and
agroforestry
60,6 215 275,6
TOTAL 278,6 341,0 619,6
1 Annual Average Area of PESP for period 1997-2009

4. ER-Program financing plan
Expected Costs Expected Inconme
Cost
Millions US
Dollars
(%)
Operational and
implementation
costs 217 87%
Administrative
cost 24 9%
Other costs 6 2%
MRV &
Reference Level 4 1%
Total 250
Income
Millions
US
Dollars
(%)
Other sources of
income
7 3%
Loans 27 11%
Revenue from sale
of additional
Emission
Reductions (not
yet contracted)
27 11%
Private Funds 42 17%
ERPA Carbon Fund 63 25%
Public Funds 84 34%
Total 250

5. Costa Rica REDD+ Program: Potential carbon
credits for pre-regulated and voluntary Carbon
Markets
Carbon
Pre-Regulated Market
(Millions Ton CO2)
Voluntary Market
(Millions Ton CO2)
Total
(Millions
Ton
CO2)
Carbon
Fund FCPF
Other buyers Domestic
buyers
International
buyers
1
ER-Program
(2010-2020) 12,6 16,9 29.5
2
Post Bali
(2008-2014) 4,8 25,6 30,4
3
Post
Ecomarkets
( 2014-2020)
23,0 23,0
Total 12,6 16,9 4,8 48,6 82,9

6. Entities involved in the JNR
Socios
Implementadores
Comunidades
indígenas y
CampesinosAutoridad
Aprobación
Proponente
Jurisdiccional

7. Uniform methodological framework is critical for
both voluntary and Carbon Fund programs
JNR / FCPF?
FONAFIFO
•CN Programa País
• ER-Program
• PESP
VCS Projects
• Pax Natura
• Secuestro carbono
Nicoya
Learning by doing
6

8. Expected sale of carbon credits for pre-regulated and
voluntary Carbon Markets (ER-Program 2010-2020)
Carbon
Pre-Regulated Market
(Millions Ton CO2)
Voluntary Market
(Millions Ton CO2)
Total
(Millions
Ton
CO2)
Carbon
Fund FCPF
Other buyers Domestic
buyers
International
buyers
1
ER-Program
(2010-2020) 12,6 - 12,6
2
Post Bali
(2008-2014) 4,8 - 4,8
3
Post
Ecomarkets
( 2014-2020)
0.6 0,6
Total 12,6 - 4,8 0,6 18,0

9. Costa Rica’s Reference Emission Level and
MRV
• Preliminary baseline reported in the R-PP has
been reviewed
• Improvements on Costa Rica’s REL was included on revised ER-PIN
document approved by the Carbon Fund (FCPF)
• Expanding the historical reference period
(1990-2010).
• Costa Rica’s preliminary REL shown in the R-PP for deforestation
and forest regeneration was proposed using the 2000-2005
historical reference period for land use changes
• Actions are being taken to broaden the historical reference
period to include 1990-2010, as well as increasing the number of
measurements to six in the 20-yr period
• National land use data is available for 1990, 1997, 2000, 2005 and
2010

10. Costa Rica’s Reference Emission Level and
MRV
• Creation of methodologically standardized Land
Cover maps
• Additional national maps, built with consistent methodologies,
will be created for 1990, 1997, 2000, 2005 and 2010
• IPCC’s land categorization will be implemented for forest lands
remaining forest lands, forest lands converted to other lands and
other lands converted to forest lands.
• Quality control procedures will be implemented and made
publicly available through the REDD+ strategy consultation
process.
• A consistent forest definition will be used for all maps in the
historical reference period, as well as compatible land
stratifications (definition reported by Costa Rica in CDM
projects).

11. Costa Rica’s Reference Emission Level and
MRV
• Forest degradation
• A REL for degradation will be assessed according to available national
data.
• Information on forest fires, illegal logging and forest understory
clearances will be considered.
• Other causes of forest degradation will also be investigated (e.g. grazing in
dry forests)
• Emission factors will be estimated from historical information according to
available national data, and conservative estimates will be employed
• If enough information can be collected of these activities in the historical
reference period, a REL for degradation may be constructed
• Harvested wood products
• A REL for HWP will be assessed according to available national data.

12. Scope of REDD+ Activities
• Activities
• Deforestation and forest degradation
• Enhancement of forest carbon stocks through planting
of native and exotic species and secondary growth
(restoration) in its national REDD+ program.
• Carbon Pools
• Above- and belowground biomass will be accounted for
in all REDD+ activities and strata.
• HWP will added as an additional carbon pool from
forest plantations and managed areas for timber
production

13. Emission Factors and Uncertainty
• Emission Factors
• Pre-and post- deforestation emission factors will be
obtained from Permanent Sample Plot network
database and scientific literature, but later from the
National Forest Inventory.
• Uncertainty
• activity data and emission factor uncertainty is
propagated as suggested by IPCC (2006).
• A target goal of 20% uncertainty was set.
• LiDAR is to be combined with the national forest
inventory to obtain accurate emission factors

14. Projecting the Baseline
• Projection of the REL for deforestation and
forest regeneration
• Costa Rica has not developed its baseline yet so in theory
any approach is possible.
• Deforestation and degradation drivers will be identified
and re-assessed in the future in order project REL for
deforestation
• The effect of the program of payments for environmental
services (PPSA) will be assessed from the year 1997 to
date in order to meet the program's impact on
deforestation and regeneration in the historical period

15. Planned MRV
MRV is based on IPCC’s equation to estimate
emissions and absorptions: activity data * emission
factor
• Scope
• Includes deforestation, forest regeneration, forest plantations and
forest degradation.
• Sampling methodology
• A continuous national forest inventory is proposed and LiDAR will
be purchased to reduce uncertainty of forest structure estimates
• Estimation of carbon stocks
• Above- and belowground biomass carbon is considered.
• Other pools are excluded due to high costs of measurement and
potentially high uncertainties, however a full assessment is
proposed

16. Planned MRV
• Calculation methodology
• Carbon stock changes according to IPCC (2006), but the
default method (gain-and-loss) is also an option
• Key category analysis
• a key category analysis will be conducted in accordance
with IPCC guidelines to further invest in reducing the
uncertainty
• Periodicity of measurement and reporting:
• It has not been established yet, it could be at least
every 5 years to the Carbon Fund until 2020
• Harvested wood products
• MRV will be designed and implemented to secure
accurate information for HWP

17. Draft proposal for timing of the submission of the Mid-term
Progress Report and the R-Package, and the linkage with the
Readiness Preparation activities funded under the Readiness
Fund
Final
REDD
Strategy
Jun2014
R-Package
Oct2014
ERPD
Submission
Endingofthe
consultation
Apr2014
ERPD Development
ERPA
Consultation Process
RL & MRV
SESA/ESMF
MidTerm
Report
Letterof
Intent
Oct2013
Mar 2015

18. GRACIAS
gobando@earth.ac.cr