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INSTALLATION DU
MALADE
NKECK JAN
EM5/FMSB
Sce d’AR et SI/HGY
Plan
 Généralités
 Différentes positions
 Disposition du malade, Utilisations pratiques,
inconvénients
 Conclusion
Généralités
 Étapes de l’anesthésie générale:
 Préparation: installation du patient**, …
 Induction
 Entretien
 Réveil
 Positionner le patient sur la table de chirurgie
 En fonction de variables: le patient, la
chirurgie, l’anesthésie
Décubitus
 allongé à l'horizontale
 décubitus latéral
 le décubitus ventral ou procubitus
 le décubitus dorsal
 un décubitus déclive ou position
de Trendelenburg
Décubitus proclive
 le plan est incliné, la tête est plus haute que
les membres inférieurs ;
 ceci diminue la pression du sang dans la
partie haute du corps et attire les viscères vers
le bas
 difficulté respiratoire ou d'œdème cérébral
Trendelenburg
 plan est incliné
 membres inférieurs plus hauts que la tête
 Avantages:
 favoriser l'irrigation du cerveau (collapsus cardio-
vasculaire)
faciliter l'évacuation du mucus dans
certaines bronchopneumopathies, drainage postural
 Inconvénients:
 La pression des viscères sur le diaphragme gène la
respiration, et l'augmentation de la pression peut
favoriser un œdème cérébral ou des problèmes
aux yeux ;
Autres positions
 Position gynécologique
 Position demi-assise
Complications liées a la posture
 Décubitus latéral :
compression de la veine cave inférieure, modification
des rapports ventilation/perfusion au niveau des
poumons, lésions du plexus brachial.
 Décubitus ventral :
compression abdominale limitant la ventilation,
compression cardiaque, hyper-extension de la tête et
bas-débit vertébral.
 Position de Trendelenburg :
atélectasies pulmonaires, risque de régurgitation et
d'œdème cérébral.
Complications liées à la posture
(2)
 Position gynécologique : compression du
fibulaire commun, collapsus lors de la remise
à plat.
 Position demi-assise : risque majeur
d'embolie gazeuse, collapsus, compression
du sciatique, élongation du plexus brachial.
Conclusion
 une des premières étapes avant l’anesthésie
proprement dite
 Position déterminée fonction de plusieurs
paramètres
 Les complications liées à la posture doivent
être prévenues

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Installation du malade

  • 2. Plan  Généralités  Différentes positions  Disposition du malade, Utilisations pratiques, inconvénients  Conclusion
  • 3. Généralités  Étapes de l’anesthésie générale:  Préparation: installation du patient**, …  Induction  Entretien  Réveil  Positionner le patient sur la table de chirurgie  En fonction de variables: le patient, la chirurgie, l’anesthésie
  • 4. Décubitus  allongé à l'horizontale  décubitus latéral  le décubitus ventral ou procubitus  le décubitus dorsal  un décubitus déclive ou position de Trendelenburg
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. Décubitus proclive  le plan est incliné, la tête est plus haute que les membres inférieurs ;  ceci diminue la pression du sang dans la partie haute du corps et attire les viscères vers le bas  difficulté respiratoire ou d'œdème cérébral
  • 8. Trendelenburg  plan est incliné  membres inférieurs plus hauts que la tête  Avantages:  favoriser l'irrigation du cerveau (collapsus cardio- vasculaire) faciliter l'évacuation du mucus dans certaines bronchopneumopathies, drainage postural  Inconvénients:  La pression des viscères sur le diaphragme gène la respiration, et l'augmentation de la pression peut favoriser un œdème cérébral ou des problèmes aux yeux ;
  • 9.
  • 10. Autres positions  Position gynécologique  Position demi-assise
  • 11. Complications liées a la posture  Décubitus latéral : compression de la veine cave inférieure, modification des rapports ventilation/perfusion au niveau des poumons, lésions du plexus brachial.  Décubitus ventral : compression abdominale limitant la ventilation, compression cardiaque, hyper-extension de la tête et bas-débit vertébral.  Position de Trendelenburg : atélectasies pulmonaires, risque de régurgitation et d'œdème cérébral.
  • 12. Complications liées à la posture (2)  Position gynécologique : compression du fibulaire commun, collapsus lors de la remise à plat.  Position demi-assise : risque majeur d'embolie gazeuse, collapsus, compression du sciatique, élongation du plexus brachial.
  • 13. Conclusion  une des premières étapes avant l’anesthésie proprement dite  Position déterminée fonction de plusieurs paramètres  Les complications liées à la posture doivent être prévenues