"Subclassing and Composition – A Pythonic Tour of Trade-Offs", Hynek Schlawack
Metamorphosis-5
1. Team:
Metamorphosis-‐5
Theme
:
-‐
Sowing
prosperity:
boos4ng
agricultural
produc4vity
Arpit
Vyas,
Mrigank
Gupta,
Saahil
Agarwal,
Jigar
Panot,
Md.
Rhazy
Indian
Ins4tute
of
Technology,
Madras
2. Current
Scenario
• Agriculture
plays
a
pivotal
role
in
India’s
economy.
• It
provides
employment
to
56
per
cent
of
the
Indian
workforce
but
contributes
to
only
1/6
of
the
GDP.
• Between
1961
and
2004-‐05,
there
was
a
decline
of
34
%
in
the
share
of
agriculture
in
GDP
while
the
decline
in
share
of
agriculture
in
employment
was
of
only
19.5
%.
Average
size
has
declined
from
2.3
ha.
in
1970-‐71
to
1.37
ha
in
2011-‐12.
• India
is
a
land
of
small
farmers.
The
share
of
marginal
and
small
farmers
accounted
for
around
85%
of
opera4onal
holdings
in
2010-‐11
as
compared
to
about
62%
in
1960-‐61.
Similarly,
the
area
operated
by
small
and
marginal
farmers
has
increased
from
about
19%
to
44%
during
the
same
period.
Farm
Size
%
of
total
farmers
(2010-‐2011)
%
of
total
land
(2010-‐2011
)
Small
&
marginal
(<2Ha)
84.97
44.31
Semi-‐medium
and
medium
(2-‐10ha)
14.3
44.71
Large
(>10ha)
0.73
10.92
3. Co-‐opera?ve
Joint
Farming
Society
• Adjacent
farms
are
merged
to
allow
farmers
reap
the
benefits
of
mechanized
farming,
which
reduces
labour
and
improves
produc4vity.
• Coopera4ve
socie4es
of
farmers
and
merging
of
farms
is
based
on
land
holdings
so
that
the
farmers
fit
economically,
socially
and
culturally
into
the
group.
• <
4
Ha
• 4
–
10
Ha
• >
10
Ha
Public
Private
Partnership
• Research
and
technical
assistance(R&TA)
group:
• This
division
involves
interac4on
among
various
state/central
agricultural
universi4es,
Na4onal
Remote
Sensing
Center
etc.
• Service
Providers:
• Private
organiza4ons
or
local
entrepreneurs
are
the
major
stake
holders
in
this
group.
They
help
facilita4on
and
implementa4on
of
recommenda4ons
by
R&TA
at
grassroots
level.
Packagers,
Processors
and
Corporates
• This
sector
handles
the
penul4mate
value
addi4on
step
in
supply
chain,
ul4mate
being
the
market.
It
is
open
for
all
types
of
working
systems.
Proposed
model
5. Tier
1:
Coopera4ve
Produc4on
Socie4es
Production Cooperatives
Overview
• The
Tier
1
comprises
of
farmers
from
different
strata
who
would
pool
together
their
land
to
boost
the
produc4vity.
• The
major
hindrance
in
achieving
a
high
efficacy,
which
is
‘extraordinarily
small
size
of
an
average
field
in
the
country’,
is
thus
addressed.
• Moreover,
the
Tier
1
u4lizes
the
facili4es,
such
as
–
Mechaniza4on
of
farms
and
large
scale
economies
,etc.
from
the
Tier
2
(service
sector
as
well
as
R&TA
organiza4on)
socie4es.
Legalities
• The
wages
of
the
working
farmers/labourers
will
be
pre-‐
decided
and
will
be
paid
on
a
daily
basis.
• The
profits/loses,
ager
removing
all
the
investments,
wages,
running
cost
etc.,
will
be
shared
in
direc?on
propor?on
to
the
land
size.
• The
major
decisions
will
be
taken
by
the
coopera4ve
and
not
the
farmer
with
the
largest
share.
• A
farmer
can
neither
leave
nor
can
be
removed
from
the
coopera4ve
in
the
mid
of
the
crop
season.
Direct Benefits
• R&TA
will
be
able
to
make
a
regionally
focused
approach
on
various
technical
issues.
• Grievances
can
be
microscopically
addressed
by
the
service
and
R&TA
sector,
which
is
the
key
to
high
produc4vity.
6. Functionality (Tier 2)
Research
and
technical
assistance(
R&TA)
group
• Knowledge
Acquisi?on
• Region
wise
mapping
of
land
and
soil
fer4lity
using
remote
sensing
and
other
such
technologies.
• Assessment
of
the
informa4on
acquired
to
determine
the
crops
to
be
grown
in
the
region,
kinds
of
seeds
to
be
used,
the
dosage
of
fer4lizers
etc.
• Knowledge
dissemina?on
• Educa4ng
farmers
and
informing
them
about
the
outcomes
of
the
study
through
KVKs.
• Training
farmers
on
the
waste
lands
leased
by
the
government
to
demonstrate
the
efficiency
improvement
prac4ces.
Service
Providers
• Supply
Providers
• Seeds,
Fer4lizers,
Fuel,
Farm
machineries
and
other
goods
will
be
rented,
preferably
as
per
the
recommenda4ons
of
the
R&TA
group.
• Marke4ng
Socie4es
• Transporta4on,
Packaging,
Distribu4on,
Marke4ng
of
farm
products.
End
Users
• Can
be
any
organiza4on
ranging
from
corporates
to
public
sector
units
which
intend
on
• Processing
• Packaging
or
• Buying
the
produce
7. Research
and
Technical
Assistance(
R&TA)
group
Knowledge
Acquisi?on
• A
team
of
Remote
sensing
and
GIS
experts/graduates
to
do
the
village
wise
mapping
of
land
and
soil
fer4lity.
• A
team
of
agronomists
to
assess
the
informa4on
acquired
to
determine
the
crops
to
be
grown
in
the
region,
kinds
of
seeds
to
be
used,
the
dosage
of
fer4lisers
etc.
• Such
studies
and
research
will
also
be
supported
by
the
agricultural
universi4es
in
collabora4on.
Knowledge
dissemina?on
• Educa4ng
farmers
and
informing
them
about
the
outcomes
of
the
study
like
dosage
of
the
fer4lizers,
awareness
regarding
pests
etc.
through
KVKs
and
agricultural
universi4es.
• Training
farmers
to
use
the
new
machineries
and
methods
in
their
larger
fields
using
the
waste
lands
leased
by
the
government
to
demonstrate
the
improved
prac4ces.
Impacts
• Overall
ensuring
a
transi4on
towards
precision
agriculture
thus
improving
the
produc4vi4es
without
compromising
on
the
sustainability
of
the
land
cul4vability
8. Top: Estimation of tobacco crop
yield by remote sensing in
districts of Andhra Pradesh.
Right: Plotting crop fertility levels in
an area and deciding the right amount
of fertilizers required thus mitigating
environment risk and reducing the cost to
farmers and improving productivity over long term
9. Service
Providers
Functions
• A
commercial
organiza4on
which
provides
Seeds,
Fer4lizers,
Fuel,
Farm
machineries
and
other
goods
on
rent
to
the
needy
individual
or
coopera4ve
group
of
farmers
i.e.
to
Tier
1.
• The
R&TA
group
will
seek
the
help
of
the
Service
Providers
for
the
training
of
farmers
and
demonstra4ons
of
newer
techniques.
Benefits
• The
take
away
for
the
suppliers
in
this
non-‐
profit
help
will
be
the
need
assessment
they
will
be
able
to
get
through
first
hand
experience
with
farmers,
which,
in
turn
would
help
them
get
a
closer
view
at
needs
and
problems
in
a
variety
of
areas.
• The
recommenda4ons
of
R&TA
group
are
more
of
guidelines
than
compulsion
for
these
service
providers.
11. Farmers(Tier-1)
• Ownership and democratic control
• Increased farm income through higher
productivities
• Assured source of supplies
• Improved farm management
• Security against market exploitation
• Expanded Markets
• Education to farmers and development of
certain skill sets.
BENEFITS
IMPACT
• More than 85% of the
total farmers in the
nation falling in
marginal, small and semi
medium categories.
• X% of the agricultural
graduates will have jobs
generated for them.
PPP(Tier-2)
• Assured market
• Entrepreneurship for regional
people
• Job opportunities for villagers
• Decreased losses in PDS
• Money circulation within the
village community
Challenges
• Limited control over land and
improvements
• Cannot recover lease cost as
equity on land
• Cannot benefit from
appreciation in land value.
• May lose investment in
infrastructure if lease is
terminated
• Tax advantage
• Less risk
• Flexibility
• Benefits of economics of masses
Farmers
• Stronger
communities
• Added community
income
Rural
communities • Quality products
• Varied Services
• New Products
• Crop sizes info
available at village/
taluk level.
Consumers
