Caching Hypermedia APIs

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Video and slides synchronized, mp3 and slide download available at http://bit.ly/YKORol. Tim Stokes discusses various URI caching strategies providing real life examples relying on some of the natural behaviors that are built into the HTTP 1.1 protocol. Filmed at qconsf.com. Tim Stokes is the Applications Architect at FamilySearch.org, a not for profit organization that provides free resources for people to research their family tree. Prior to FamilySearch, Tim worked in London and Sydney with a number of companies including BT, Citigroup, Royal and SunAlliance, Press Co, Prudential, GM Vauxhall, The London Stock Exchange, Qantas, AMP and Intuit Australia.

Tecnología

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A very brief history
of Hypermedia

The Big Bang, 13.75 Billion Years Ago

HTML

HTTP

Tim Berners-Lee (and friends), 1991

REST

(HTTP 1.1)

Roy Fielding (and his posse), 1999

By Paul Downey, http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/psd/

The Hypermedia Dark Ages, 2000-2005

POST /query HTTP/1.1

table=stick&status=thrown

The RESTful years, 2005-2009

HTTP with

Hypermedia

+cachability

2012…

Choosing a
Caching Strategy

Theoretical

Natural

Managed

TTL

ETags

Other

Practical

Natural Caching Behavior 1

Transfer state in the
body not the URI

Natural Caching Behavior 2

Un-Safe Requests

Invalidate Cache

Natural Caching Behavior 3

Related resources can
be Invalidated.

POST

1.  /container is
invalidated

2.  303 + Location:

/container

/container/item8

or

2.

Content-Location:
/container/item8

DELETE 1.  /container/item8
/container/item8

is invalidated

2. 303 + Location:

/container

or

2.

Content-Location:
/container

Natural Caching Behavior 4

Beware of Summaries
and Bundles

GET /lamp/1

1

POST /lamp/1 1

power=on

GET /lamps
links… /lamp/1, /lamp/2, /lamp/3, /lamp/4,
/lamp/5, /lamp/6, etc…

GET /all-on-lamps

5

1

3

RESOURCE DESIGN NOTES:

•  The URI should not carry state

•  Symmetry between state in and out

•  One way to get each piece
of state

•  Beware of Summaries
and Bundles

Natural Caching Behavior 5

Cached responses can
be bound to speciﬁc
contexts beyond the
URI.

GET /box
Accept-Language: EN

SYSTEM
box

Cache-Control: max-age=3600

Vary: Accept-Language

GET /box
Accept-Language: FR

boîte
Cache-Control: max-age=3600

Vary: Accept-Language

Natural Caching Behavior 6

There is no guarantee
you will see the latest
representation

Managed Caching Behavior 1

Use Etags with
conditional GETs

GET /dog

6

ETag: 6

SYSTEM
GET /dog If-None-Match: 6

✓ 304

GET /dog

6

ETag: 6

SYSTEM
GET /dog If-None-Match: 6

3

200 ETag: 3

Managed Caching Behavior 2

Let Caches know
about all resources
that are invalid in the
response to a state
change.

Mark Nottingham’s

Linked Cache Invalidation Draft

http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-nottingham-linked-cache-inv-03

Relying on these Caching
Behaviors in Practice

•  Compliance to HTTP 1.1

•  Interpretation of HTTP 1.1

•  Implementation variance

•  Intermediaries

Approach

and granularity
•  Design the shape

of your resources carefully.

•  Target TTL in the Agent ﬁrst for
best natural caching invalidation.

•  Use, per request, Agent other
request header to trigger caching
strategies.

•  ETags as second level after TTL.

What’s Next?

HTTP 2.0

http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/charters

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Caching Hypermedia APIs

1. Caching Hypermedia APIs By Tim Stokes

2. Watch the video with slide synchronization on InfoQ.com! http://www.infoq.com/presentations /Caching-Hypermedia-API InfoQ.com: News & Community Site • 750,000 unique visitors/month • Published in 4 languages (English, Chinese, Japanese and Brazilian Portuguese) • Post content from our QCon conferences • News 15-20 / week • Articles 3-4 / week • Presentations (videos) 12-15 / week • Interviews 2-3 / week • Books 1 / month

3. Presented at QCon San Francisco www.qconsf.com Purpose of QCon - to empower software development by facilitating the spread of knowledge and innovation Strategy - practitioner-driven conference designed for YOU: influencers of change and innovation in your teams - speakers and topics driving the evolution and innovation - connecting and catalyzing the influencers and innovators Highlights - attended by more than 12,000 delegates since 2007 - held in 9 cities worldwide

4. A very brief history of Hypermedia The Big Bang, 13.75 Billion Years Ago

5. Various Events…

6. Hypermedia Ted Nelson, 1963

7. HTML HTTP Tim Berners-Lee (and friends), 1991

8. REST (HTTP 1.1) Roy Fielding (and his posse), 1999

9. By Paul Downey, http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/psd/ The Hypermedia Dark Ages, 2000-2005

10. POST /query HTTP/1.1 table=stick&status=thrown The RESTful years, 2005-2009

11. Affordances Mike Amundsen, circa 2010…

12. HTTP with Hypermedia +cachability 2012…

13. Choosing a Caching Strategy Theoretical Natural Managed TTL ETags Other Practical

14. Natural Caching Behavior 1 Transfer state in the body not the URI

15. POST /box/open GET /box

16. POST /box state=open GET /box

17. Natural Caching Behavior 2 Un-Safe Requests Invalidate Cache

18.

19. /car8 /mycar

20. /car8

21. /car8

22. Natural Caching Behavior 3 Related resources can be Invalidated.

23. POST 1.  /container is invalidated 2.  303 + Location: /container /container/item8 or 2. Content-Location: /container/item8

24. DELETE 1.  /container/item8 /container/item8 is invalidated 2. 303 + Location: /container or 2. Content-Location: /container

25. Natural Caching Behavior 4 Beware of Summaries and Bundles

26. GET /lamp/1 1 POST /lamp/1 1 power=on GET /lamps links… /lamp/1, /lamp/2, /lamp/3, /lamp/4, /lamp/5, /lamp/6, etc… GET /all-on-lamps 5 1 3

27. RESOURCE DESIGN NOTES: •  The URI should not carry state •  Symmetry between state in and out •  One way to get each piece of state •  Beware of Summaries and Bundles

28. Natural Caching Behavior 5 Cached responses can be bound to speciﬁc contexts beyond the URI.

29. GET /box Accept-Language: EN SYSTEM box Cache-Control: max-age=3600 Vary: Accept-Language GET /box Accept-Language: FR boîte Cache-Control: max-age=3600 Vary: Accept-Language

30. Natural Caching Behavior 6 There is no guarantee you will see the latest representation

31. Relativity

32. PUT /lamp ON OR GET /lamp

33. Managed Caching Behavior 1 Use Etags with conditional GETs

34. GET /dog 6 ETag: 6 SYSTEM GET /dog If-None-Match: 6 ✓ 304

35. GET /dog 6 ETag: 6 SYSTEM GET /dog If-None-Match: 6 3 200 ETag: 3

36. Managed Caching Behavior 2 Let Caches know about all resources that are invalid in the response to a state change.

37. Mark Nottingham’s Linked Cache Invalidation Draft http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-nottingham-linked-cache-inv-03

38. Relying on these Caching Behaviors in Practice •  Compliance to HTTP 1.1 •  Interpretation of HTTP 1.1 •  Implementation variance •  Intermediaries

39. Approach and granularity •  Design the shape of your resources carefully. •  Target TTL in the Agent ﬁrst for best natural caching invalidation. •  Use, per request, Agent other request header to trigger caching strategies. •  ETags as second level after TTL.

40. What’s Next? HTTP 2.0 http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/charters

41. The End

Caching Hypermedia APIs

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