The document defines several key terms related to atoms and their structure. It explains that atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons, while electrons orbit the nucleus in shells or orbitals. Valence electrons are located in the outermost orbital. The periodic table arranges the elements and groups them according to their chemical properties and number of valence electrons. Ions are atoms that have gained or lost electrons, giving them a positive or negative charge. Electronegativity refers to an atom's ability to attract electrons towards itself.

1. Elements
By: Pedro Pablo Fajardo Osuna & Leonardo Madrigal
González

2. ATOMS
Anatomis aprimordial
componentinmatter.
Itpossesses defined
chemicalproperties
andis formedby
electrons, neutrons,
protonsandanucleus.

3. ATOMS
Everyelement is
formedofatoms with
the samestructure.
Atoms, unlike
elements and
compounds,cannotbe
divided into smaller,
simpler molecules.

4. ANATOM’S
STRUCTURE
An atomhasa nucleus–
in which the protonsand
neutronsarestored.The
electrons are presentin
the atom’sorbitals, which
surroundtheatom’s
nucleus.

5. ELECTRONS
The electrons are one
ofanatom’ssubunits.
They possess a
negative charge.

6. VALENCE
ELECTRONS
Valence electrons are
the electrons locatedin
anatom’souterorbital.

7. PROTONS
The protons are
subunitswith apositive
charge.They reside in
the atom’snucleus,
alongwith the
neutrons.

8. NEUTRONS
The neutronsare
subunitswith aneutral
charge.They’relocated
in the atom’s nucleus
alongwith the protons.

9. PERIODIC
TABLE
The periodic table is an
arrangmentofthe
chemicalelementsand
it is organizedin
groups.

10. FAMILIES
The families arethe
vertical columsin the
periodic table.
There areseven
families intotal: the
alkaline metals, the
alkaline earthmetals,
the transitional metals,
the pnictogens, the
chal-cogens,the
halogens andthe noble
gases.

11. PERIODS
The periods are the
horizontalnumbers
above the periodic
table.These represent
the numberofvalence
electrons the elements
in them possess.This
numberincreases from
left toright.

12. IONS
Anionis anatomthat
isn’t neutrally charged.
This means it has gone
througha processof
gain orloss ofelectrons
oneormoretimes
(Perchlorate shownin
the image).

13. ELECTRONEGATIVITY
Electronegativityisthecapacity
ofanatomtoattractelectrons
towardsitself,while
electropositivityisitscapacity
togiveawaytheirown
electrons,orrepeltheelectrons
itdoesn’tneed.Thisisaffected
bytheatom’snumberof
valenceelectrons–Themore
valenceelectronsithas,the
greateritselectronegative
capacitywillbe.

14. For Dummies. (2012). Ions:Atoms with an ElectricalCharge.
2012, de For Dummies (c),AWiley Brand Sitio web:
http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/ions-atoms-with-an-
electrical-charge.html
BIBLIOGRAPHIES

15. FilemonTanchoco. (2009).Electronegativity &
Electropositivity.1938, deACS Publications Sitioweb:
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ed015p291.1
BIBLIOGRAPHIES

16. Tim Sharp. (2013).What is anAtom?. 2013, de Livescience
Sitioweb: http://www.livescience.com/37206-atom-
definition.html
BIBLIOGRAPHIES