1. Population in Global
Perspective
 Demography: study of size, composition, growth, & distribution of
populations
 The New Malthusians
vs
The Anti-Malthusians
Why Are People Starving?
 More Food Produced Per Person Now than in past
 Droughts & war diminish food supply for certain populations
Chapter 20: Population and Urbanization 1
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2. Chapter 20: Population and Urbanization 2
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3. Chapter 20: Population and Urbanization 3
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4. Chapter 20: Population and Urbanization 4
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5. Population Growth
Why do Least Industrialized Nations have so many
children?
Status of Parenthood
Community Support
Children as Economic Asset
Reliance on Children in Old Age
Chapter 20: Population and Urbanization 5
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6. Chapter 20: Population and Urbanization 6
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7. Chapter 20: Population and Urbanization 7
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8. Population Growth
Demographic Variables:
 Fertility
 Crude Birth Rate = # live births/1000 population per year
 Mortality
 Crude Death Rate = # deaths/1000 population per year
 Migration
 Net Migration Rate = Immigrants/1000 – Emigrants/1000
**Growth Rate Equation** = Fertility – Mortality + Migration
Issues:
 Zero Pop Growth
 Pop Shrinkage (AKA Negative Growth Rate)
Chapter 20: Population and Urbanization 8
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9. Chapter 20: Population and Urbanization 9
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10. Urbanization
 The Development of Cities
 Protection, safety
 Efficiency of food gathering
 The Process of Urbanization
 Metropolises
 Megalopolises
 Megacities
Chapter 20: Population and Urbanization 10
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11. Chapter 20: Population and Urbanization 11
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12. Urbanization
 Urbanization
 gentrification
 Suburbanization
 Rural Rebound
Chapter 20: Population and Urbanization 12
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13. Chapter 20: Population and Urbanization 13
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14. Models of Urban Growth
 The Concentric Zone Model
 The Sector Model
 Modified version of the Concentric Zone
Chapter 20: Population and Urbanization 14
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15. Models of Urban Growth
 The Multiple-Nuclei Model
 Specialized activities clustered
together
 The Peripheral Model
 Highways impact commuting and
city layout
Chapter 20: Population and Urbanization 15
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16. Models of Urban Growth
Critique of the Models:
 They are Time-Bound
 They Do Not Account for Urban Planning
 Fall Short with Cities in Least Industrialized
Nations
Chapter 20: Population and Urbanization 16
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17. City Life
Alienation in the City
 Impersonality, Self-Interest  Indifference 
Alienation
 Avoid Needless Interactions
 Norm of Noninvolvement
 Diffusion of Responsibility
Community in the City
 Gans Research
Despair vs Prosperity – both are present in cities
Chapter 20: Population and Urbanization 17
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18. City Life
Gans’ Research on who lives in the city:
The Cosmopolites
The Singles
The Ethnic Villagers
_____________________________
The Deprived
The Trapped
Chapter 20: Population and Urbanization 18
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19. Urban Problems and
Social Policy
Principles of Building Community:
 Scale
 Livability
 Social Justice
Special Issues:
 Gated Communities
Chapter 20: Population and Urbanization 19
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