7. Prejudice (Allport – 1954) 1) An antipathy based on faulty and inflexible generalizations 2) Can be felt covertly or expressed overtly 3) Can be direct towards a group as a whole, or toward an individual because s/he is a member of that group
9. Exploitation Theory 1) Power is a Scarce Source 2) People innately want to keep their power and status 3) So people suppress the social mobility of the out-group
10. Scapegoating Theory 1) Prejudiced People are the True Victims 2) They refuse to accept basic responsibility for some society failure (defeat in war / depression) 3) So they shift focus of responsibility to an out-group
11. Authoritarian Personality Theory 1) Person comes from a strict authoritarian background 2) When that person grows up s/he wants to be the authoritarian of those around them 3) So this person subjects people in an out-group (who are seen as weaker) to their will
12. Structural Theory 1) Social climate either promotes cultural and ethnic tolerance or intolerance 2) Is their obvious equality – if not people will subjugate others around them 3) Is there a definite hierarchy with a clear pecking order?
13. What Do People Who Are Prejudice Receive From Their Prejudice?
15. Value-Expressive Function People need to have value and behavioral consistencies in viewing their own cultural values, norms, and practices as the proper & civilized ways of thinking and behaving.
16. Knowledge Function 1) It takes time and energy to create knowledge 2) People tend to want to defend their knowledge base 3) So, people view others who lack such knowledge as ignorant or deficient
17. Utilitarian Function 1) Protecting the majority (In-Group) will make things easier on their life 2) In fact, they may be rewarded for doing protecting the in-group
22. 1) We must be honest with ourselves – confront our on biases and ethnocentric attitudes 2) We should question the contents of our stereotypes and check against our actual interactions with out-group members 3) We should understand how our negative images concerning out-group members affects our biased attitudes and interactions
23. 4) Use the principle of heterogeneity to break down the broad social categories 5) We should use mindful qualifying language when describing out-group/others’ behaviors. 6) We should put ourselves in frequent inter-group contact situations to become comfortable with group-based differences
30. Physiological shifts of the species that have occurred from mutation, selection, migration, and genetic drifts
31. Stupid Minor Differences (aka Finger Prints) Loops – Europeans, black Africans, East Asians Whorls – Mongolians and Australia Aborigines Arches – Khoisans & Central Europeans
33. Realistic Outlook on Race Jared Diamond (1994) 1. Khoisans of South Africa 2. African Blacks – would form 3 distinct races alone 3. The REST of the World – Norwegians, Europeans, Navajo, Greeks, Japanese, Australian Aborigines
44. Three Basic Features 1) Language names experiences which determines what is socially recognized 2) Dominant discourse silences, or mutes, groups that are not in society’s mainstream – often are invisible to Dominant Culture 3) Out-groups react to being muted in different fashions
