1. Unit 1-3 Verbal and Nonverbal Communication in Cultures

2. Understanding Language

3. Language Symbol system used by cultures to communicate.

4. Components of Language

5. Semantics Study of how words communicate the intended meanings.

6. Syntactics Study of language, structure/grammar, or the combining of words into a meaningful sentences.

7. Pragmactics The way meaning is constructed in relation to receivers, and how language is actually used in particular contexts in language communities.

8. Phonetics Study of the sound system of a language.

9. Language and Meaning

10. Osgood’s Semantic Differential

11. Evaluative Dimension The degree to which one feels a word has a good or bad meaning. ex. cuss words

12. Potency Dimension The degree to which a word evokes a strong or weak dimension. ex. Jerk vs. Bastard

13. Activity Dimension The amount of energy (fast or slow) a word evokes. ex. Jerk vs. Bastard

14. Language Functions

15. Group Identity Helps us know who we belong to – group identification

16. Perceptual Filter Language helps us analyze what happens to us.

17. Cognitive Reality We think through language.

18. Status & Intimacy Language helps us know our place in the hierarchy. Different classes use different language structures.

19. Creativity Function Humans are creative through and understand creativity through language.

20. Verbal Communication Styles

23. Person/Status Orientation

24. Self-Enhancement & Effacement

25. Talk vs. Silence

26. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Language shapes our ideas & guides our view of social reality.

30. Nonverbal Communication

31. Nonverbal Expectancy Violation Theory (Burgoon, 1992)

32. 1) Humans have competing approach and avoidance needs. 2) Communicators evaluate the reward potential of others.

33. 3) Communicators develop expectations about the nonverbal behaviors of others. 4) Nonverbal behaviors have associated evaluations ranging from extremely positive to extremely negative.

34. 5) Nonverbal behaviors have socially recognized meaning.

35. Types of Nonverbal Behaviors

36. Physical Appearance/ Artifacts Emperor Claudius’ 3rd Wife Messalina

37. Food binding

38. Mangbettu

39. Padaung Women in Burma

40. Masai Masai men use a combination of blue clay and other materials to create their intricate hair styles.

41. Cultural Fashion Today Piercings

42. Cultural Fashion Today Tattoos

43. Kinesics (gestures)

44. Territoriality Our immediate space

46. Proxemics Our distance between two or more people.

48. Occlusics

50. Facial Expressions SADFISH

51. Sadness Anger Disgust Fear Interest Surprise Happiness

52. Haptics Touch

53. Paralanguage Nonverbal Linguistic components.