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1. By Lauren Brock

2.  T. Brokaw, a 74 year old sheep and cattle
farmer.
 Went to see his physician when what he
believed to be a spider bite on his hand
became larger and developed into a black
ulcer.
 Wound samples were taken and cultured.
 Results showed a gram positive bacillus
 Grew well on all usual media except CNA or
PEA
 Gamma-hemolytic on SBA
 Catalase Postive

3. http://textbookofbacteriology.net/Anthrax.html
http://clinicalsciences.wordpress.com/article/raxibacumab-abthrax-hgs-review-
3fy5eowy8suq3-85/
http://randstarteam.blogspot.com/2007/12/mmic-pbl-
1_10.html

4. https://bandlogos.wordpress.com/tag/anthrax-logo/

5.  Aerobic
 Non-motile
 Catalase Positive
 Large gram-positive
 Endospore
 Medusa-Head, gamma-hemolytic on SBA
 Recovered from blood, wound, CSF, or lymph
nodes

6.  Must be reported
◦ LRN, Laboratory Response Network
 Can measure antibodies or toxins in the
blood
◦ ELISA
◦ Evidence of four-fold rise in antibodies to
protective antigen

7.  Most often seen with cows, sheep, and goats.
◦ “Wool-sorter’s
 Spores in the soil
 3 types
◦ Cutaneous
◦ Pulmonary
◦ Gastrointestinal
 Severity and death usually due to fulminant
septicemia

8.  Cutaneous
◦ Most common, though still rare in the US
◦ 1-7 days after exposure
◦ 20% of patients die without treatment
◦ Injection-associated with heroin users in northern
europe.
◦ Black eschar, usually painless
http://bepast.org/dataman.pl?c=flib&dir=docs/photos/anthra
x/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthrax rmoist01.tripod.com

9. http://wmdjunction.com/110822_fbi_anthrax.htm
 Pulmonary(Inhalation)
◦ Most deadly
◦ “White powder”
◦ A week to 2 months after exposure
◦ Only 10-15% survive without treatment
◦ 55% survive with aggressive treatment
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthrax
http://science.howstuffworks.com/anthrax2.htm

10.  Gastrointestinal
◦ 1-7 days after exposure
◦ More than half of patients with this type die without
treatment, 60% survive with it.
◦ Was endemic in Lebanon 1960s
http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/8/7/02-0062-f3.htm
http://science.howstuffworks.com/anthrax2.htm
http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/9/5/02-0537-f2.htm

11.  Polypeptide capsule
◦ antiphagocytic
 Anthrax toxins
◦ Protective antigen
 Actually used to make vaccines
◦ Edema factor
 Edema
◦ Lethal factor
 Tissue necrosis
http://arshad-zist.blogfa.com/author-arshad-zist.aspx

12.  Antibiotics such as penicillin, cephalosporin,
ciprofloxacin
 Antitoxin
 AVA, Anthrax Vaccine Absorbed, BioThrax
◦ Not for general public, only at risk occupations
◦ Does not contain the actual bacteria
 Culture filtrates of nonencapsulated V770-NP1-R
mutant with adjuvant
◦ Shown to mainly protect against cutaneous and
inhalation anthrax

13.  Easily found in nature
 Can be produced in Lab
 Last for decades in environment
 Tier 1 agent
◦ Biological agent
◦ Toxins
◦ Mass casualties
 Can be released “quietly”
◦ Powders, sprays, food, water
http://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/bioterrorism/threat.ht
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http://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/bioterrorism/threat.html

14.  Basics. (2013, August 29). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved April
30, 2014, from http://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/index.html
 Bacillus anthracis and anthrax. (n.d.). Bacillus anthracis and anthrax. Retrieved April 30,
2014, from http://textbookofbacteriology.net/Anthrax.html
 Guidance on anthrax: frequently asked questions. (n.d.). WHO. Retrieved April 30, 2014,
from http://www.who.int/csr/disease/Anthrax/anthraxfaq/en/
 Mahon, C. R. (2011). Textbook of diagnostic microbiology (4th ed.). Maryland Heights,
Mo.: Saunders/Elsevier.