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Notes: The Spanish-American War
- 1. The SpanishAmerican War What was it good for?
- 2. American Empire ● Manifest Destiny ○ By Late 1880s, completed. ○ The “Wild West” no longer existed ○ What’s next ■ Expansion ● European Colonialism ○ Berlin Conference 1884 ■ Carving up Africa ○ US Late to the game
- 3. How to build an empire? ● The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660-1783 by Alfred Thayer Mahan ○ Discusses how Great Britain was able to build an empire based on its Naval Power ○ U.S. policy makers thought this would work for U.S. interests as well ○ http://www.gutenberg.org/files/13529/13529h/13529-h.htm ● In order to make the U.S. a world naval power they needed an empire ○ Why? ○ Coaling stations to resupply their ships
- 4. Building the Empire ● Hawaii ○ 1875: Reciprocity agreement with the United States ■ Binded Hawaii to the U. S. Economy ○ 1893: American sugar growers on the island overthrew the Hawaiian Monarchy under Queen Liluokalani, put a republic in its place and asked for annexation from the U.S. ○ 1898: U.S. annexes Hawaii
- 5. Building an Empire ● Samoa ○ 1872: U.S. acquired the harbor of Pago Pago ○ 1899: the Samoan islands were divided between the United States and Germany
- 7. The War Main Causes 1. The Desire for the Spanish Naval Bases in the Pacific 2. Yellow Journalism a. Many historians have judged this to be the most important cause 3. Anger caused by the Spanish Concentration Camps of the Cubans 4. The de Lome letter a. b. A letter written by a Spanish minister to a friend in Washington Called McKinley a “Spineless Politician” 5. The Explosion of the Maine
- 8. The Ground War ● Rough Riders ○ Roosevelt’s Cavalry unit ● Battle of San Juan Hill ○ Major military action, led to Roosevelt being declared a hero ● 5,000 Americans died, 400 of which were in battle ○ the rest were because of poor food and sanitary conditions and malaria
- 9. Consequences of the War 1. The war marked the end of the Spanish empire in the Americas started by Columbus 2. The acquisition of possessions in the Pacific immediately made the United States active in the affairs of the Pacific region 3. The United States was recognized as a world power 4. The war brought together the North and South for the first time since the Civil War, healing some of the mental wounds