After attacking Stalingrad in 1942, General Paulus and 250,000 German troops were trapped by Soviet forces. In February 1943, Paulus and 91,000 troops surrendered, with nearly half dying on the march to Siberian prison camps. This marked the first serious defeat for Germany. Meanwhile, the Allies attacked Japan, with the Doolittle Raid bombing Japanese military targets in 1942. As the Soviets pushed the Germans west, German leaders sensed they were losing the war, though Hitler refused to acknowledge defeat. The Nazis later invited the Red Cross to visit the Theresienstadt camp in an attempt to dispel rumors of Jewish killings by presenting a model Jewish town. At the Battle of Midway in 1942, the Japanese plan