Spectrum mgmt forum 2013 jussi kahtava

Spectrum Licensing: the evolving
toolbox for administrations
Spectrum Management Forum
9-10th October, 2013
London, UK
Jussi Kähtävä
Allied Spectrum Associates

www.alliedspectrumassociates.com

1

Outline

• how is authorisation of spectrum for
MFCN evolving?
• the importance of predictable access
to spectrum
• what tools will NRAs have in future
• what role will ASA/LSA play?


2

Policy Makers and Industry have
Good Reasons to Cooperate
Spectrum
below 6 GHz
(ideally
below 3
GHz)
Licensed
spectrum

Timely
access to
spectrum

Regional /
globally
harmonized
spectrum

New
Spectrum for
Mobile
Broadband
Technology
/ Service
neutral

Mobile
Allocation at
ITU

Global
standards

Types of authorisation
General Authorisation
• limited to frequency use
that does not need to be
coordinated to avoid
harmful interference
• Undertakings may be
required to submit a
notification

Individual Authorisation
• Avoid harmful interference;
• Ensure technical quality of
service;
• Safeguard efficient use of
spectrum;
• Fulfil other objectives of
general interest as defined
by Member States in
conformity with
Community law.


4

National legislation of radio
spectrum
Natural physical
resource

Radio spectrum

National legislation
governing the
access to frequency
bands

National Table of Frequency Allocations (NTFA)

Governmental use

Commercial use / non governmental
(telecom, broadcasting, amateur, SRDs…)

Domain of use
/
regulatory regime

Fine technical
management of
frequency bands
National legislation
authorising the use
of spectrum

Users

Defence
Public
safety

Civil
aviation
Meteorology

Maritime &
waterways

Radio
Astronomy

…
Individual authorisation

General authorisation

(Individual rights of use)

(No individual rights of use)

Frequency assignments
Individual authorisation
issued by NRA

General authorisation
issued by NRA

Users
Picture source: ECC Report 205

5

Allocation & assignment
dilemma
• All the spectrum bands are allocated (ITU
Radio Regulations)
• Traditionally, increasing allocation for one
Radio Communication Service means
reducing the allocation for another one
• Assignments through refarming; problems
with migrating previous incumbent
services
• How to provide spectrum to those
services that need it whilst protecting the
needs of existing services?

6

Why individual rights of use?

Investment
QoS

Interference

• Legal certainty of rights
• Incentive for NW investments

• Predictable Quality of Service
• Access to spectrum there when needed

• Internalised interference, managed through
standards
• Harmful interference is minimised

7

Co-ordination of spectrum
• Need for co-ordination at global and regional
level. Common frequency arrangements
facilitate:

Border coordination
Economies of scale for equipment
Cost effective systems
Wider consumer & citizen choice of different
device types and brands
– Interoperability roaming
– Spectral efficiency
A purely market driven approach without any co-ordination
leads to fragmentation chaos & ultimately value destruction
for all including citizen consumers
–
–
–
–


8

Shared use of spectrum

• Spectrum sharing is taking place today
(PMSE, RLAN etc) mostly on a
secondary basis i.e. non-interference
non-protection
• However, secondary use provides no
guarantees of QoS and individual
rights of use
• Providing individual rights of use while
sharing spectrum is needed

9

What is LSA?
• The RPSG working definition:
• “A regulatory approach aiming to facilitate the
introduction of radiocommunication systems
operated by a limited number of licensees under
an individual licensing regime in a frequency
band already assigned or expected to be
assigned to one or more incumbent users. Under
the LSA framework, the additional users are
allowed to use the spectrum (or part of the
spectrum) in accordance with sharing rules
included in their rights of use of spectrum, thereby
allowing all the authorised users, including
incumbents, to provide a certain QoS”.


10

Authorisation continuum
# of rights holders

With increased coordination and radio resource management,
licence-exempt domain moves towards LSA

High number,
uncoordinated
Many,
coordinated

One or few
exclusivity
low

high
Individual authorizations given to one
or few users seleted by the regulator,
approach ranging from simple written
license only in a static case to license
plus technically facilitated varying
secondary spectrum use.
Suitable for mobile operators, if
average capacity is predictable and
QoS is facilitated.
In its simplest form very similar to
current exclusive cellular licensing

Users may be a group selected by a
regulator, or it may be open for anyone.
Technical means e.g. database used
to authorize usage of a certain part of
spectrum for a certain time, based on
usage requests. Authorizations facilitate
Coexistence and QoS. Nr of users may
need be limited in case use requests
exceed the ”capacity”.

No limitation on users or their amount.
First-come-first-in, technical means e.g.
sensing or database may be used to
indicate free portions of band and
announce possible technical conditions
on the usage.
Form of license-exempt use, no QoS
facilitated through the authorizations.
Current example: TV WS

11

How to access spectrum?
Licence-exempt
• No process
• Low
investment
threshold at
beginning
• Tragedy of
commons
• No guarantee
on QoS
• Existing
business
model

DSA
• Flexible
process
• Initial
investment
according to
market price
• No guarantee
on QoS
• New business
models

LSA
• Flexible
process
• Initial
investment
according to
market price
• Effective QoS
reachable
• New business
models


Licensed
• Slow process
• High
investments in
beginning
• Effective QoS
• Existing
business
model

12

Regulatory process for LSA


13

LSA role in sharing framework
 Sharing is vertical in nature

Incumbent



the incumbent and licensee are
subject to different regulatory
constraints
 The incumbent and licensee have
non-competing applications

 Predictable quality of service
 Security of investment to
Electronic Communications
Providers
 Easily managed vertical sharing

Administration/
NRA

LSA Repository

LSA
Controller
LSA Licensee

14

ASA/LSA in Europe

CEPT

• FM52
Works on the harmonized release of 2.3 GHz (Band 40) based on LSA.
The ECC Decision is planned for adoption on June 2014
• FM53
Established to define ASA/LSA and provide guidelines to
administrations on how to release spectrum for mobile broadband
under LSA. Draft ECC Report 205 was approved for public
consultation on 4th October, 2013

ETSI

• RRS
Responsible for the development of harmonised standards under the EC
Mandate M.512. Requirements for LSA for mobile broadband in 2300-2400
MHz under development in TS 103 154

EC

• RSPG
In its opinion on wireless broadband the Radio Spectrum Policy Group
identified the potential in releasing 3.8-4.2 GHz for mobile broadband
under LSA

15

ASA/LSA in the USA

FCC

• Vertical sharing on federal bands
The FCC is considering ASA for the release of 3550-3650 MHz
on a shared basis with coastal radars


16

Benefit of harmonisation
Harmonised allocation
frequency

Assignment
1

Country A
Share or refarm

Assignment
2

Country B
Share or refarm

Assignment
3

Country C
Share or refarm


17

Lack of harmonisation
Fragmentation
frequency

Assignment
1

Country A
Share
Assignment
2

Country B
Share

Assignment
3

Country C
Share


18

What is at stake?
Whether sharing is done in licensed or licence-exempt
way makes no difference to the fundamental need for
harmonisation in allocations
DSA in general does
LSA is based upon
TVWS is based upon
not necessarily
harmonised allocation
benefit from
harmonised allocation
of IMT spectrum
of broadcast spectrum harmonisation if done
Assignments through
wrong
Global allocation has
LSA build upon the
not converted to
Unless care is taken,
benefits of scale from
global scale in sharing fragmentation is the
exclusive assignments
outcome


19

Conclusions
• Licensed and licence-exempt use will
remain important regimes
• Opportunity for complementary
spectrum management tools in between
• Harmonised approach to spectrum
sharing framework is crucial
• LSA complementary regulatory
framework based on licensed regime
and harmonisation
• LSA can generate important benefits

20


21

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