2. 1850 1850-70 1857
Bessemer Process Sweat Shops Fredrick Olmstead
Developed Is a negatively Landscape architect,
independently by the connoted term for spearheaded the
British manufacturers. any working movement for the
Henry Bessemer and environment planned urban parks.
American ironmaker considered to be 1857 Olmstead helped
William Kelly, soon unacceptably draw up a plan for
became widely used. difficult or “greensward” which
This technique dangerous. was selected to become
involved injecting air Central Park in NYC.
into molten iron to
remove the carbon
and other impurities.

3. 1859 1862 1862
Social Darwinism Homesteader
Homestead Act
Grew out of the English Settler on the free
naturalist Charles Darwin’s Congress passed in
1862. This Act land that the
theory of biological evolution. government was
Darwin described his which offered 160
acres of land free to giving out by the
observation that some Homestead Act.
individuals of a species any citizen or
flourish and passed their traits intended citizens
along to the next generation who was head of
while others do not. He the household.
explained that a process of 1862-1900 up to
natural selection weeded out 600,000 families
less suited individuals and took advantage of
enabled the best adapted to the governments
survive. offer..

4. Credit Mobilizer
Form in 1864,
Exoduster stockholders
gave this
African American company a
who moved form contract to lay
the Post- track at two to
Reconstruction three times the
south to Kansas, actual cost and
part of the pocketed the
Homestead Act. profits..
1862 1864 1864 1866
Sand Creek Massacre Buffalo Soldiers
Most of the Cheyenne, assuming Formed in 1866, from the
they were under the protection U.S. 10th Cavalry
of the U.S. government had regiment, the buffalo
peacefully returned to soldiers were established
Colorado’s Sand Creek Reserve by congress as first
of winter. General S.R. Curtis peacetime all-black
telegram to Colonel John regiment in the regular
Chivington that read, “I want no U.S. Army. These
peace till the Indians suffer regiments served to a
more.” Nov.29, 1864 his trooped variety of posts in the
attack at dawn and killed over southwest and Midwest
1,150 inhabitants, mostly women region of the U.S.
and children.

5. 1867 1867 1867
Oliver Kelley Grange
Grandfather Clause
1867 started the Grange members
Stated that if a man spent most of their
Patron of Husbandry, failed the literacy test
an organization for time and energy
or could not pay the fighting the railroads.
farmers that became poll tax, he was
popularly know as The Granges battle
entitled to a vote if plan included
the Grange. Its he, his father, or
original purpose was teaching its members
grandfather had been how to organize, how
to provide a social eligible to vote before
outlet and an to set up farmers
private facilities. cooperatives and
educational forum
for isolated farm how to sponsor state
families. legislation to regulate
railroads.

6. Tammany Hall
Transcontinental
NYC most
Railroad
powerful
Democratic A railroad line
political machine linking the Atlantic
in 1868. Headed and the Pacific
by Boss tweed. Coasts of the U.S.
completes in 1869..
1868 1869 1869
Trust
Participants in a trust
turned their stocks
over to a group of
trustees-people who
ran the separate
companies were
entitled to dividends
on profits earned by
the trust.

7. 1869 1870 1870
John D. Rockfeller
Established the Standard Oil Company, took Graft
Tweed Ring a different approach to mergers, they joined
competing companies in trust agreements. Once a political machine
He used trust to gain total control of the oil got its candidates into
Boss Tweed became
industry in America. In 1870 Rockfeller’s office, it could take
head of Tammany Hall
Standard Oil Company of Ohio processed advantage of numerous
in 1868. Between 1869-
two or three of the country crude oil. Within opportunities for graft-
1971 Boss Tweed led the
a decade it controlled 90 percent of the the illegal use of
tweed ring, a group of refining. Rockfeller reaped huge profits by political influence for
corrupt politicians in paying his employees extremely low wages personal gain.
defrauding a city. and driving his competitors out by selling his
oil at a lower price than it cost to produce it.
Then he controlled the market, he hiked
prices far above original levels.

8. Jacob Riis
1870, left his native Denmark for
U.S. Riis found work as a police
reporter, a job that took him into
some of New York City’s worst
slums, where he was shocked at
the conditions in the
overcrowded, airless, filthy
tenements. Riis used his talents
to expose the hardships of NYC
Police.
1870 1871 1873
Andrew Carnegie
Fredrick Olmstead
By 1865, Carnegie was so
Planned busy managing the money
landscapes for he had earned in dividends
Washington D.C. that he happily left his job at
and St.Louis. the Penn. Railroad. He
entered the steel business in
1873 after touring a British
steel mill and witnessing the
awesome spectacle of the
Bessemer process in action.

9. Sitting Bull
In early June, 1876, the
George A. Custer Sioux and Cheyenne held a
sun dance, during which
He reported that Sitting Bull had a visions of
he the Black Hills soldiers and some Native
had Gold “from Americans falling from their
the grass roots horses. When Colonel
down”. Gold rush Custer and his troops
was on. reached Little Bighorn
River, the Native American
were ready for them.
1874 1876 1876
Battle of Little Big Horn
AKA Custer’s last Stand.
Occurred on June 25 and
26, 1876. Lakota, Northern
Cheyenne, and Arapaho
tribe against the 7th
Regiments of the U.S. 700
men led by Custer
suffered a serve defeat.

10. George A Custer
Led the 7th Regiment
in the Battle of Little
Bighorn. The Native
American outflanked
and crushed Custer’s
troop. Within an
hour, Custer and all
of the men of the 7th
Cavalry were dead.
1876 1876 1876
Alexander Graham Bell Thomas Alva Edison
Invented the telephone Became a pioneer on the
with Thomas Watson new industrial frontier
help. It opened a way for a when he establishes the
worldwide world’s first research
communication networks. laboratory in Mento
Telephone particular Park, NJ.
affected office workers
and created new jobs for
women.

11. Dumbbell Tenements Political Machine
Law that required that An organized group that
every inhabitable room controller the activities of a
have a window opening to Thomas Edison political party in a city,
plain air, a requirement there also offered services
Perfected the incandescent to voters and business in
that was meant by
light bulb and later invented exchange for political of
including air shaft between
and entire system for financial support.. In the
adjacent buildings. The air
producing and distributing decades after the civil war,
shaft gives each tenement
electrical power. political machines gained
the shape of a dumbbell.
control of local government
in Baltimore.
1879 1880 1880

12. Ida B. Wells
Moved to Memphis in 1880’s to
work as a teacher. She later
became a editor of a paper.
Radical Justice was a persistent
theme in her reporting. The
events of March 9, 1892 turned
that theme into a crusade. Three
African American business,
friends of Wells, were illegally
executed without a trial.
1880 1880 1880
George Pullman Ragtime
Built a factory for A Blend a African
manufacturing American and
sleepers and other European musical
railroad cars on forms, it originated
the Illinois prairie. in saloons of the
south in the 1880’s.

13. Joseph Pulitzer
A Hungarian
immigrant who has
George Westinghouse bought the NY world
Along with Edison, in 1883. Pioneered
added innovations that popular innovation,
make electricity safer such as Sunday
and less expensive. edition, comics, sports
coverage.
1881 1881 1883
Booker T. Washington
Believed that racism would
end once blacks acquires
useful labor skills and
proved their economic
valve to society. By 1881 he
headed the Tuskegee
Normal and Industrial
Institute. In which he
aimed to educated African
American by teaching
diplomats and useful skills.

14. Sitting Bull
By late 1876, however, the
Sioux were beaten. Sitting
Bull and a few followers took
refuge in Canada, where they
remained until 188.
Eventually, to prevent his
people’s starvation, Sitting
Bull was Forced to
Surrender. Later, in 1885 he
Appears in William F.
“Buffalo Bill” Cody’s Wild
West Show.
1884 1885 1886
Settlement House
Mugwumps
Community Centers in
Republicans who
slum neighborhoods that
refused to vote
provided assistance to
republican in1884. Blaire
people in the area
political and financial
especially immigrants,
corruption, supported
many settlement workers
Govern Cleavland
lived at the house so that
Democrat.
they could learn firsthand
about the problems caused
by urbanization and help
create solution.

15. Haymarket Affair Dawes Act
Encouraged by the Congress passed this Act
impact of the 1871 strike, aiming to Americanize the
labor leaders continues to Interstate Commerce Act
Native American. The Act
press for change. On the broke up the reservations Reestablished that right of
evening of May 4, 1886, and gave some of the federal government to
3,000 people gathered at reservations land to supervise railroad activities
Chicago Haymarket individual Indians, 160 acres and establish a five man
Squares to protect. Police to each head of the Interstate Commerce
brutality-a striker had household and 80 acres to Commission.
been killed the day each unmarried adult.
before.
1886 1887 1887

16. Jane Addams
One of most
influential member of
the movement (Social
Gospel Movement).
Addams was also an
antiwar activist, a
spokesperson for
radical justice and an
advocate for quality of
life issues.
1888 1889 1890
Wounded Knee
Dec. 28, 1890, the 7th Cavalry,
rounded up about 350 starving
George Eastman and freezing Sioux and took
Introduced his them to wounded knee creek in
Kodak camera. South Dakota. The nest day
The price $25 soldiers demanded that that
included a 100 Sioux give up there weapons. A
pictorial of film. Shot was fires and soldiers open
fired with deadly cannons,
within minutes they slaughtered
about 300 unarmed Indians. This
event brought the Indian War to
an end.

17. Ellis Island
Ghost Dance
About 20 percent of
A ritual Indians immigrants at Ellis
lands and way of Sherman Antitrust Act
Island were
life would be Made it illegal to form detained for a day or
restored. Ghost a trust that interfered more before being
Dance movement with free trade inspected. However,
spread rapidly between states or with only about 2 percent
among the 25,000 other companies. of those who were
Sioux on the detained were
Dakota denied.
Reservation.
1890 1890 1892

18. Omaha Platform
Was the party
Scab program adopted
at the formative
A strikebreaker to
convention of the
kept the company
Populism Party
going while a
held in Omaha
strike was going
Nebraska on July
on.
4th, 1892
1892 1892 1892 1883
Populism Urbanization
The movement of the The result of rapid
people. Political growth of
movement where the cities,mostly in the
people have a greater region of the North
voice in government East and Midwest.
and seeking to Technological boom in
advance the interests the late 19th century.
of farmers and
laborers.
scab

19. Pullman Strike
Pullman had hoped that
his tightly controlled
environment would ensure
a stable work force.
However, pay led to a
violent strike in 1894.
1894 1894 1895
Eugene V Deb William Randolph
Some labors leader felt Hearst
that unions should The Wealthy Hearst had
include all laborers- purchased the New York
skilled and unskilled Morning Journal in 1895,
in a specific industry and Owned the San
which captured the Francisco Examiner.
imagination of
Eugene. 1894, the new
union won a strike for
higher wages.

20. William Mckinley
Plessy VS Ferguson
1896 Republican party
nominated Ohioan William In 1896 this, the
Mckinley for president. Supreme Court
Mckniley got ruled that the
approximately 7 million separation of races
votes and carries the east. in public
With Mckinley edition, accommodations
Populism collapsed was legal and did
burying the hopes of the not violate the 14th
farmers. Amendment.
1896 1896 1896
Samuel Gompers
Led the Cigar Makers
International union to
join with other craft
union in 1896. The
American Federation
of Labor with
Gompers as
president , focused on
collective bargaining.

21. Karl Marx
Socialism carried to its
extreme form-
communism as
advocate by him,
would result in the
overthrow of the
capitalists system.
1896 1897 1899
Cross of Gold
Andrew Carnegie
Impassioned address delivered
by former congressmen William The Carnegie steel
Jennings Bryan at the company
Democratic convention in manufactured more
Chicago on July 8, 1896. The steel than all the
speech talk about the idea of factories in Great
limiting the supply of gold and Britain.
silver as currency and have
paper currency so they would
not have a shortage of money.

22. Angel Island
Asians, primarily Chinese, arriving
Andrew Carnegie on the west coast gained admission
at this island in San Francisco Bay
By the time he sold his Between 1910-1940 about 50,000
business in 1901, Chinese immigrants entered the
Carnegie’s companies U.S. . Contrast form Ellis Island
producer by the far immigrants endured harsh
the largest portion of questioning and a long detention
the nation's steel. in filthy buildings while they
waited to find out whether they
would be admitted or rejected.
1901 1906 1910
Instate Commerce
Commission
Not until 1906, under
President Theodore
Roosevelt, did the ICC
gain the power it
needed to be effective.

23. Work Cited
All the pictures and photos were provided by Google images
Nez Perce: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nez_Perce_War
Chief Joseph: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Joseph
Buffalo Soldiers: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_Soldiers
Greenback: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenback_Party
Sweat Shop: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweat_Shop
Dumbbell Tenements: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Law-
Tenement