SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 15
Descargar para leer sin conexión
The East Asian World
1400 CE – 1800 CE
China – Ming Dynasty
• Ming overthrew the Mongols in 1368
• Lasted until 1644
• China extended its rule into Mongolia &
  Central Asia
• Ming rulers used a central bureaucracy
  – Set up nationwide school system
  – Renovated the Grand Canal

• 1406- Began construction of capitol city at
  Beijing; moved there in 1421
• Zheng He – went on a series of seven voyages
  of exploration between 1405-1433
  – Visited India & Africa
  – After emperor died, the voyages were halted
     • Confucian view of trading was that it was an
       unworthy activity
First Contacts with the West              Fall of the Ming Dynasty


• 1514 – Portuguese arrive off coast of   • Ming Dynasty began its decline in
  China                                     the late 16th century
  – Portuguese were expelled from
    Guangzhou (Canton) for poor           • Weak rulers led to government
    behavior (the Chinese saw the           corruption
    Portuguese as barbarians)
  – Portuguese remained in Macao          • High taxes caused peasant unrest

• Portuguese traders brought              • Poor weather created lower crop
  missionaries with them; this              yields
  impacted China more than trade
  – Exchanged books, inventions, etc.     • In 1630, an epidemic caused great
                                            loss of life
                                          • Peasants revolted; led by Li
                                            Zichengu, the peasants occupied
                                            Beijing
                                            – The emperor committed suicide
Qing Dynasty
 • The Manchus, from north of the Great Wall          • The Qing tried to preserve their unique
   (Manchuria) took the peasant revolt as an            identity
   opportunity to take over China                       – Until this point, they were defined as legally
   – They defeated the peasant army and started the       different from the rest of China
     Qing dynasty                                       – Manchus made up 1% of the population
 • Chinese were resistant to Manchu rule; were        • Qing used Chinese people to make up large
   forced to adopt styles of dress & hairstyles of      percentage of the bureaucracy rather than
   Manchus to prove their loyalty                       try to run all of it themselves
 • Rebels against Manchus seized Taiwan               • Kangxi (1661-1722) is considered the
                                                        greatest emperor in Chinese history
 • Qing dynasty eventually adopted the
   Chinese political system                             – Calmed unrest in north and west China
   – Emperors pacified the country                      – He was patron of arts & letters
   – Corrected serious social and economic              – He was tolerant of Christians
     problems
   – Restored peace & prosperity
Westerners in China
 • Qianlong- 1736-1795 – was also considered a great emperor, but signs of
   internal problems showed up during his reign
 • His court was corrupt, which led to higher taxes and civil unrest
 • The peasants revolted once again in 1796; called the White Lotus Rebellion, it
   lasted until 1804
 • The dynasty was declining as Europeans arrived looking for trading
   opportunities
   – Qing emperors confined all traders to Guanzhou; they could only live there from October to
     March
     • They dealt with a small number of Chinese officials
   – British rebelled against this system and demanded access to additional Chinese cities;
   – The British travelled to Beijing to pursue more trading opportunities and were soundly
     rejected
Chinese Society
 • From 1500 to 1800, China was a primarily agricultural society (85% of
   Chinese people were farmers)
 • The economy changed dramatically in the same time period:
   – Population grew from less than 80 million to more than 300 million by the late 1700s
   – Improvements in the food supply helped population growth
   – Population growth meant less land available for families; the government limited the
     amount of land owned by the wealthy
   – Shortages of land in rural areas led to unrest and revolts
   – Dramatic changes in manufacturing, especially as trade increased among the Chinese
     provinces
   – Manufactured silk, porcelain, cotton goods, and other products

 • Europeans marveled at the Chinese printing industry, which led to a large
   book supply and low prices on books
Chinese Economics
       • China did not develop commercial capitalism - private business
         based on profit – of Europe
       • Chinese merchants and manufacturers were not as independent as
         European merchants and manufacturers; instead, the government
         controlled trade and manufacturing
       • Many Chinese looked down on trade and manufacturing as inferior to
         farming
       • The government levied heavy taxes on manufacturing and trade, but
         low taxes on farming
       • Because trade was so limited, there was no opportunity for
         merchants, tradesmen, and manufacturers to grow into a wealthy
         middle class
Daily Life in China

          Family Life                                       Role of Women
  • Chinese society was organized around the family         • Women were considered inferior to men
  • Expected to provide for everyone’s needs, including     • Only males could have a formal education &
    education, support of children, and care of the           pursue government jobs
    elderly

  • Family was expected to sacrifice individual desires
                                                            • Women could not divorce or inherit property
    to benefit the family
                                                            • Men could take a second wife if first wife was
  • Extended families: as many as three or four               no longer satisfactory or did not produce sons
    generations lived under one roof
                                                            • Footbinding was practiced; bound feet
  • Clan – related families linked through elders;            became a status symbol; only women who
    helped wealthier families take care of poor relatives     worked in the field or had an occupation did
                                                              not bind their feet
Cultural Developments in China
 • Chinese novels became popular; the first realistic social novel, The Golden Lotus
   was written in China; it depicts the corrupt life of a wealthy landlord who
   manipulates those around him
 • The Dream of the Red Chamber, written in 1791, is considered China’s most
   popular novel; it tells the story of two young people caught in financial and moral
   disintegration of a powerful Chinese clan
 • Ming & Qing Art – The Imperial City (Beijing) was built during this time period
   and is considered a prime example of Chinese architecture
   – Porcelain was also a popular art form; it was collected by Europeans throughout this
     period
Japan Unified
 • After the 15th century, Japan was in chaos; Daimyos still
   held their families together and warred with others over
   land and power
 • Three men helped unify Japan:
   – Oda Nobunaga – seized the imperial capital of Kyoto; he
     consolidated his rule throughout central Japan
   – Toyotomi Hideyoshi – reigned in Osaka; by 1590 he
     persuaded most of the daimyos of the islands to accept his
     authority
   – Tokugawa Ieyasu – became the daimyo of Edo (Tokyo) and
     took control of Japan; he took the title of Shogun in 1603
      • He completed the reunification of Japan; Tokugawa shoguns
        remained in power until 1868; this long period of Tokugawa rule
        was known as the “Great Peace.”

                                                                          Tokugawa Ieyasu
Europeans in Japan
  • The first Europeans began to arrive in Japan in 1543 (the Portuguese).
  • At first, visitors were welcomed; the Portuguese stopped regularly in Japan for trade
    – Weapons, eyeglass, and tobacco were popular with the Japanese
    – The Daimyos purchased firearms to help them defend their territory

  • The first Jesuit missionary, Francis Xavier arrived in 1549; he converted several daimyo
    – The Jesuits destroyed ancient Japanese shrines after converting many Japanese to Christianity; the
      destruction of the shrines was very unpopular among the Japanese
       • In 1587, Hideyoshi issued an edict prohibiting Christian activities within his lands
       • Hideyoshi’s edict was not strictly enforced and the Jesuits kept up their activities this changed under
         Tokugawa, who expelled all the missionaries from Japan and then persecuted Christians in Japan
       • After removing all the Jesuits, Tokugawa expelled the European merchants; only a small Dutch community in
         Nagasaki was allowed to remain in Japan; their ships could dock in the Nagasaki harbor once per year and
         could only remain for three months
Tokugawa Rule

      • Tokugawa rulers set out to establish control of the feudal system that had
        governed Japan for over 300 years
        – The state was divided into about 250 territories, called hans
        – Each han was ruled by a daimyo who were able to support themselves independently
          from taxes on their lands
           • In reality, the daimyos were controlled by the Tokugawa shogun through the hostage system
             – The hostage system was a method for the shogun to control the daimyo; the daimyo were required to
               maintain two residences: one on the han, and one in the court where the shogun was located; when the
               daimyo went back to the han or was absent from his residence at court, his family was required to stay in
               the court
             – The local daimyo eventually ceased to be a warrior class; instead they became managers of the lands of the
               daimyo
        – The shogun was able to control each daimyo by holding the families hostage in his royal
          court
Economic Changes
• Under the Tokugawa Shogunate, trade and industry began to flourish; the cities
  of Edo, Kyoto, and Osaka grew rapidly
• By 1750, Edo had a population of over a million people and was one of the largest
  cities in the world
  – Banking flourished and paper money became the normal medium of exchange in
    business transactions
  – A Japanese merchant class emerged and began to play a significant role in the Japanese
    nation
  – Peasants were dramatically affected by high taxes; many were forced to become tenant
    farmers, instead of owning their own lands; there were several peasant revolts against
    high taxes
Social Changes
 • Japan’s system was very rigid during the Tokugawa Shogunate
   – There were four main classes: warriors, peasants, artisans, and merchants.
   – Intermarriage between the classes was forbidden
   – The Emperor and Imperial court families were at the top of the social structure
      • The warrior class came next; it was composed of the shogun, daimyo, samurai, and ronin; the shogun was
        supreme below the emperor; the local daimyo received land and rice in exchange for military service; samurai
        received rice from the daimyo in exchange for their service; the ronin were warriors without masters who travelled
        the country seeking employment
      • Beneath the warriors were the peasants; they held a privileged position in society but were often poor
      • The Merchant class distributed food and essential goods ; they were at the bottom of the pyramid because they
        profited off the labor of others
      • At the very bottom of the social pyramid were the eta, who were outcasts; the Tokugawa regulated their
        residence, dress, and hairstyles

 • Women were restricted in Tokugawa Japan: Male head of households had authority over
   women’s property, marriage and divorce; women’s rights were severely restricted
   – Among commoners, women were also restricted; parents arranged marriages and a wife was expected
     to move in with her husband’s family; a wife who did not meet expectations would be divorced
      • In the peasant class, women were often expected to work in the fields
Tokugawa Culture

 • Literature became popular during the Tokugawa
   period; urban fiction, novels, and poetry were
   the most popular genres
 • Kabuki theater developed during this period;
   Kabuki emphasized dramatic
   gestures, action, and music
   – Women were forbidden from appearing on stage

 • Architecture developed, partially as a result of
   the shogun’s requirement that daimyo’s also
   have a residence at court; fabulous houses and
   mansions were built to accommodate daimyo
   families
 • Europe had some influence on the Japanese;
   they studied Western
   medicine, astronomy, language, and art

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

Ch. 19 empires in collision
Ch. 19 empires in collisionCh. 19 empires in collision
Ch. 19 empires in collisionlesah2o
 
Absolutism and revolution
Absolutism and revolutionAbsolutism and revolution
Absolutism and revolutionmgdean
 
Chapter 19 Empires in collision Middle East and East Asia 1800 1914
Chapter 19 Empires in collision Middle East and East Asia 1800 1914Chapter 19 Empires in collision Middle East and East Asia 1800 1914
Chapter 19 Empires in collision Middle East and East Asia 1800 1914S Sandoval
 
The french revolution
The french revolutionThe french revolution
The french revolutionSaqib Saeed
 
Imperialism in Asia and Africa
Imperialism in Asia and AfricaImperialism in Asia and Africa
Imperialism in Asia and AfricaNathan Roher
 
Ancient greece ppt
Ancient greece pptAncient greece ppt
Ancient greece pptmrsmarino
 
The Mongols
The MongolsThe Mongols
The Mongolsrhalter
 
Ch. 20 collapse at the center
Ch. 20 collapse at the centerCh. 20 collapse at the center
Ch. 20 collapse at the centerlesah2o
 
6.4 Decline Of The Roman Empire
6.4   Decline Of The Roman Empire6.4   Decline Of The Roman Empire
6.4 Decline Of The Roman EmpireDan Ewert
 
Chinese History PP
Chinese History PPChinese History PP
Chinese History PPabonica
 
Qing dynasty
Qing dynastyQing dynasty
Qing dynastyHugh_07
 
AP Ming Dynasty Powerpoint
AP Ming Dynasty PowerpointAP Ming Dynasty Powerpoint
AP Ming Dynasty Powerpointfasteddie
 
Age of Exploration Power Point
Age of Exploration Power PointAge of Exploration Power Point
Age of Exploration Power Pointjanetdiederich
 
Qing Dynasty China 19th Century
Qing Dynasty China 19th CenturyQing Dynasty China 19th Century
Qing Dynasty China 19th CenturyJames Spagnoletti
 
The Russian Revolution Of 1917 1924
The Russian Revolution Of 1917 1924The Russian Revolution Of 1917 1924
The Russian Revolution Of 1917 1924Eastview High School
 
the french revolution notes (class- 9th)
the french revolution notes (class- 9th)the french revolution notes (class- 9th)
the french revolution notes (class- 9th)funloving_girl hp
 
Chapter 8 PPT
Chapter 8 PPTChapter 8 PPT
Chapter 8 PPTezasso
 
Opium War Presentation
Opium War Presentation Opium War Presentation
Opium War Presentation Essence
 

La actualidad más candente (20)

Ch. 19 empires in collision
Ch. 19 empires in collisionCh. 19 empires in collision
Ch. 19 empires in collision
 
Absolutism and revolution
Absolutism and revolutionAbsolutism and revolution
Absolutism and revolution
 
Chapter 19 Empires in collision Middle East and East Asia 1800 1914
Chapter 19 Empires in collision Middle East and East Asia 1800 1914Chapter 19 Empires in collision Middle East and East Asia 1800 1914
Chapter 19 Empires in collision Middle East and East Asia 1800 1914
 
The french revolution
The french revolutionThe french revolution
The french revolution
 
Imperialism in Asia and Africa
Imperialism in Asia and AfricaImperialism in Asia and Africa
Imperialism in Asia and Africa
 
Ancient greece ppt
Ancient greece pptAncient greece ppt
Ancient greece ppt
 
The Mongols
The MongolsThe Mongols
The Mongols
 
U2. age of revolution
U2. age of revolutionU2. age of revolution
U2. age of revolution
 
Ch. 20 collapse at the center
Ch. 20 collapse at the centerCh. 20 collapse at the center
Ch. 20 collapse at the center
 
6.4 Decline Of The Roman Empire
6.4   Decline Of The Roman Empire6.4   Decline Of The Roman Empire
6.4 Decline Of The Roman Empire
 
Chinese History PP
Chinese History PPChinese History PP
Chinese History PP
 
Qing dynasty
Qing dynastyQing dynasty
Qing dynasty
 
AP Ming Dynasty Powerpoint
AP Ming Dynasty PowerpointAP Ming Dynasty Powerpoint
AP Ming Dynasty Powerpoint
 
Chinese Cultural revolution
Chinese Cultural revolutionChinese Cultural revolution
Chinese Cultural revolution
 
Age of Exploration Power Point
Age of Exploration Power PointAge of Exploration Power Point
Age of Exploration Power Point
 
Qing Dynasty China 19th Century
Qing Dynasty China 19th CenturyQing Dynasty China 19th Century
Qing Dynasty China 19th Century
 
The Russian Revolution Of 1917 1924
The Russian Revolution Of 1917 1924The Russian Revolution Of 1917 1924
The Russian Revolution Of 1917 1924
 
the french revolution notes (class- 9th)
the french revolution notes (class- 9th)the french revolution notes (class- 9th)
the french revolution notes (class- 9th)
 
Chapter 8 PPT
Chapter 8 PPTChapter 8 PPT
Chapter 8 PPT
 
Opium War Presentation
Opium War Presentation Opium War Presentation
Opium War Presentation
 

Destacado

Destacado (20)

Muslim empires
Muslim empiresMuslim empires
Muslim empires
 
Scientific revolution
Scientific revolutionScientific revolution
Scientific revolution
 
Crisis and absolutism
Crisis and absolutismCrisis and absolutism
Crisis and absolutism
 
French revolution
French revolutionFrench revolution
French revolution
 
Enlightenment
EnlightenmentEnlightenment
Enlightenment
 
Age of exploration
Age of explorationAge of exploration
Age of exploration
 
Colonial empires and the american revolution
Colonial empires and the american revolutionColonial empires and the american revolution
Colonial empires and the american revolution
 
Age of Napoleon
Age of NapoleonAge of Napoleon
Age of Napoleon
 
Renaissance
RenaissanceRenaissance
Renaissance
 
Protestant reformation
Protestant reformationProtestant reformation
Protestant reformation
 
The Kingdoms Of Southeast Asia And Korea
The Kingdoms Of Southeast Asia And KoreaThe Kingdoms Of Southeast Asia And Korea
The Kingdoms Of Southeast Asia And Korea
 
Edo japan
Edo japanEdo japan
Edo japan
 
The Ming And Qing Dynasties Of China
The Ming And Qing Dynasties Of ChinaThe Ming And Qing Dynasties Of China
The Ming And Qing Dynasties Of China
 
The age-of-exploration
The age-of-explorationThe age-of-exploration
The age-of-exploration
 
Japan - Feudalism and Tokugawa
Japan - Feudalism and TokugawaJapan - Feudalism and Tokugawa
Japan - Feudalism and Tokugawa
 
Japan-Political Culture
Japan-Political CultureJapan-Political Culture
Japan-Political Culture
 
HISTORY: Chinese Architecture 1.0
HISTORY: Chinese Architecture 1.0HISTORY: Chinese Architecture 1.0
HISTORY: Chinese Architecture 1.0
 
Kingdoms Of Southeast Asia And Korea
Kingdoms Of Southeast Asia And KoreaKingdoms Of Southeast Asia And Korea
Kingdoms Of Southeast Asia And Korea
 
Japan Ppt
Japan PptJapan Ppt
Japan Ppt
 
Rise & Fall of Tokugawa japan ppt
Rise & Fall of Tokugawa japan pptRise & Fall of Tokugawa japan ppt
Rise & Fall of Tokugawa japan ppt
 

Similar a East asian world 1400 to 1800

Ch 3 An Age of Exploration ppt.pptx
Ch 3 An Age of Exploration ppt.pptxCh 3 An Age of Exploration ppt.pptx
Ch 3 An Age of Exploration ppt.pptxSorayaAdliEbrahim
 
Age of exploration_and_isolation_website (3)
Age of exploration_and_isolation_website (3)Age of exploration_and_isolation_website (3)
Age of exploration_and_isolation_website (3)mgdean
 
Age of exploration and isolation
Age of exploration and isolationAge of exploration and isolation
Age of exploration and isolationmgdean
 
The spread of civilization in east and southeast
The spread of civilization in east and southeastThe spread of civilization in east and southeast
The spread of civilization in east and southeastAaron Carn
 
World History Ch. 17 Section 3 Notes
World History Ch. 17 Section 3 NotesWorld History Ch. 17 Section 3 Notes
World History Ch. 17 Section 3 Notesskorbar7
 
Early Civilizations in the East
Early Civilizations in the EastEarly Civilizations in the East
Early Civilizations in the EastLaura Firmani
 
19.2 china limits european contacts
19.2 china limits european contacts19.2 china limits european contacts
19.2 china limits european contactsEdgar Huff
 
Global Slide Show: Chinese Dynasties
Global Slide Show: Chinese DynastiesGlobal Slide Show: Chinese Dynasties
Global Slide Show: Chinese Dynastiesepaulette
 
Imperialism and industrialization in japan and china
Imperialism and industrialization in japan and chinaImperialism and industrialization in japan and china
Imperialism and industrialization in japan and chinamgdean
 
Japan-Land of the Rising Sun.pptx
Japan-Land of the Rising Sun.pptxJapan-Land of the Rising Sun.pptx
Japan-Land of the Rising Sun.pptxMaoChiongbian
 
Chapter 11 Summary
Chapter 11 SummaryChapter 11 Summary
Chapter 11 Summarylivvy milner
 
Ap world china in middle ages
Ap world  china in middle agesAp world  china in middle ages
Ap world china in middle agesjtodd1969
 
Imperialism hansen2
Imperialism hansen2Imperialism hansen2
Imperialism hansen2altgilbers
 
Unit 3 review
Unit 3 reviewUnit 3 review
Unit 3 reviewHugh_07
 
Unit 3 review
Unit 3 reviewUnit 3 review
Unit 3 reviewHugh_07
 
24.5 imperialism in china
24.5 imperialism in china24.5 imperialism in china
24.5 imperialism in chinaMrAguiar
 

Similar a East asian world 1400 to 1800 (20)

Ch 3 An Age of Exploration ppt.pptx
Ch 3 An Age of Exploration ppt.pptxCh 3 An Age of Exploration ppt.pptx
Ch 3 An Age of Exploration ppt.pptx
 
Age of exploration_and_isolation_website (3)
Age of exploration_and_isolation_website (3)Age of exploration_and_isolation_website (3)
Age of exploration_and_isolation_website (3)
 
Age of exploration and isolation
Age of exploration and isolationAge of exploration and isolation
Age of exploration and isolation
 
The spread of civilization in east and southeast
The spread of civilization in east and southeastThe spread of civilization in east and southeast
The spread of civilization in east and southeast
 
World History Ch. 17 Section 3 Notes
World History Ch. 17 Section 3 NotesWorld History Ch. 17 Section 3 Notes
World History Ch. 17 Section 3 Notes
 
ch17_sec3.ppt
ch17_sec3.pptch17_sec3.ppt
ch17_sec3.ppt
 
Early Civilizations in the East
Early Civilizations in the EastEarly Civilizations in the East
Early Civilizations in the East
 
East imperialism
East imperialismEast imperialism
East imperialism
 
19.2 china limits european contacts
19.2 china limits european contacts19.2 china limits european contacts
19.2 china limits european contacts
 
Global Slide Show: Chinese Dynasties
Global Slide Show: Chinese DynastiesGlobal Slide Show: Chinese Dynasties
Global Slide Show: Chinese Dynasties
 
Imperialism and industrialization in japan and china
Imperialism and industrialization in japan and chinaImperialism and industrialization in japan and china
Imperialism and industrialization in japan and china
 
Japan-Land of the Rising Sun.pptx
Japan-Land of the Rising Sun.pptxJapan-Land of the Rising Sun.pptx
Japan-Land of the Rising Sun.pptx
 
JAPAN powerpoint-2.pptx
JAPAN powerpoint-2.pptxJAPAN powerpoint-2.pptx
JAPAN powerpoint-2.pptx
 
Chapter 11 Summary
Chapter 11 SummaryChapter 11 Summary
Chapter 11 Summary
 
Ap world china in middle ages
Ap world  china in middle agesAp world  china in middle ages
Ap world china in middle ages
 
Imperialism hansen2
Imperialism hansen2Imperialism hansen2
Imperialism hansen2
 
Unit 3 review
Unit 3 reviewUnit 3 review
Unit 3 review
 
Unit 3 review
Unit 3 reviewUnit 3 review
Unit 3 review
 
24.5 imperialism in china
24.5 imperialism in china24.5 imperialism in china
24.5 imperialism in china
 
Chapter 22
Chapter 22Chapter 22
Chapter 22
 

Más de Kimberly McClain

Más de Kimberly McClain (20)

Challenges and hopes for the future
Challenges and hopes for the futureChallenges and hopes for the future
Challenges and hopes for the future
 
Contemporary western world
Contemporary western worldContemporary western world
Contemporary western world
 
Cold war
Cold warCold war
Cold war
 
World war ii
World war iiWorld war ii
World war ii
 
Nationalism around the world
Nationalism around the worldNationalism around the world
Nationalism around the world
 
World between wars
World between warsWorld between wars
World between wars
 
World war i
World war iWorld war i
World war i
 
Mass society and democracy
Mass society and democracyMass society and democracy
Mass society and democracy
 
East asia under challenge
East asia under challengeEast asia under challenge
East asia under challenge
 
Height of imperialism
Height of imperialismHeight of imperialism
Height of imperialism
 
Industrial revolution
Industrial revolutionIndustrial revolution
Industrial revolution
 
Europe in the middle ages (10)
Europe in the middle ages (10)Europe in the middle ages (10)
Europe in the middle ages (10)
 
European kingdoms and byzantine empire
European kingdoms and byzantine empireEuropean kingdoms and byzantine empire
European kingdoms and byzantine empire
 
Feudalism & the european kingoms
Feudalism & the european kingomsFeudalism & the european kingoms
Feudalism & the european kingoms
 
Americas 400 to 1500
Americas 400 to 1500Americas 400 to 1500
Americas 400 to 1500
 
India & southeast asia
India & southeast asiaIndia & southeast asia
India & southeast asia
 
Early japan & korea
Early japan & koreaEarly japan & korea
Early japan & korea
 
China & the mongols
China & the mongolsChina & the mongols
China & the mongols
 
African society & culture
African society & cultureAfrican society & culture
African society & culture
 
Ancient african civilization
Ancient african civilizationAncient african civilization
Ancient african civilization
 

Último

How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesCeline George
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxEduSkills OECD
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
General views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepGeneral views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepobaje godwin sunday
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxMYDA ANGELICA SUAN
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsEugene Lysak
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...CaraSkikne1
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxraviapr7
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxDr. Asif Anas
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxraviapr7
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICESayali Powar
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentXsasf Sfdfasd
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesMohammad Hassany
 

Último (20)

How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
 
General views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepGeneral views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and step
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
 
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quizFinals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
 

East asian world 1400 to 1800

  • 1. The East Asian World 1400 CE – 1800 CE
  • 2. China – Ming Dynasty • Ming overthrew the Mongols in 1368 • Lasted until 1644 • China extended its rule into Mongolia & Central Asia • Ming rulers used a central bureaucracy – Set up nationwide school system – Renovated the Grand Canal • 1406- Began construction of capitol city at Beijing; moved there in 1421 • Zheng He – went on a series of seven voyages of exploration between 1405-1433 – Visited India & Africa – After emperor died, the voyages were halted • Confucian view of trading was that it was an unworthy activity
  • 3. First Contacts with the West Fall of the Ming Dynasty • 1514 – Portuguese arrive off coast of • Ming Dynasty began its decline in China the late 16th century – Portuguese were expelled from Guangzhou (Canton) for poor • Weak rulers led to government behavior (the Chinese saw the corruption Portuguese as barbarians) – Portuguese remained in Macao • High taxes caused peasant unrest • Portuguese traders brought • Poor weather created lower crop missionaries with them; this yields impacted China more than trade – Exchanged books, inventions, etc. • In 1630, an epidemic caused great loss of life • Peasants revolted; led by Li Zichengu, the peasants occupied Beijing – The emperor committed suicide
  • 4. Qing Dynasty • The Manchus, from north of the Great Wall • The Qing tried to preserve their unique (Manchuria) took the peasant revolt as an identity opportunity to take over China – Until this point, they were defined as legally – They defeated the peasant army and started the different from the rest of China Qing dynasty – Manchus made up 1% of the population • Chinese were resistant to Manchu rule; were • Qing used Chinese people to make up large forced to adopt styles of dress & hairstyles of percentage of the bureaucracy rather than Manchus to prove their loyalty try to run all of it themselves • Rebels against Manchus seized Taiwan • Kangxi (1661-1722) is considered the greatest emperor in Chinese history • Qing dynasty eventually adopted the Chinese political system – Calmed unrest in north and west China – Emperors pacified the country – He was patron of arts & letters – Corrected serious social and economic – He was tolerant of Christians problems – Restored peace & prosperity
  • 5. Westerners in China • Qianlong- 1736-1795 – was also considered a great emperor, but signs of internal problems showed up during his reign • His court was corrupt, which led to higher taxes and civil unrest • The peasants revolted once again in 1796; called the White Lotus Rebellion, it lasted until 1804 • The dynasty was declining as Europeans arrived looking for trading opportunities – Qing emperors confined all traders to Guanzhou; they could only live there from October to March • They dealt with a small number of Chinese officials – British rebelled against this system and demanded access to additional Chinese cities; – The British travelled to Beijing to pursue more trading opportunities and were soundly rejected
  • 6. Chinese Society • From 1500 to 1800, China was a primarily agricultural society (85% of Chinese people were farmers) • The economy changed dramatically in the same time period: – Population grew from less than 80 million to more than 300 million by the late 1700s – Improvements in the food supply helped population growth – Population growth meant less land available for families; the government limited the amount of land owned by the wealthy – Shortages of land in rural areas led to unrest and revolts – Dramatic changes in manufacturing, especially as trade increased among the Chinese provinces – Manufactured silk, porcelain, cotton goods, and other products • Europeans marveled at the Chinese printing industry, which led to a large book supply and low prices on books
  • 7. Chinese Economics • China did not develop commercial capitalism - private business based on profit – of Europe • Chinese merchants and manufacturers were not as independent as European merchants and manufacturers; instead, the government controlled trade and manufacturing • Many Chinese looked down on trade and manufacturing as inferior to farming • The government levied heavy taxes on manufacturing and trade, but low taxes on farming • Because trade was so limited, there was no opportunity for merchants, tradesmen, and manufacturers to grow into a wealthy middle class
  • 8. Daily Life in China Family Life Role of Women • Chinese society was organized around the family • Women were considered inferior to men • Expected to provide for everyone’s needs, including • Only males could have a formal education & education, support of children, and care of the pursue government jobs elderly • Family was expected to sacrifice individual desires • Women could not divorce or inherit property to benefit the family • Men could take a second wife if first wife was • Extended families: as many as three or four no longer satisfactory or did not produce sons generations lived under one roof • Footbinding was practiced; bound feet • Clan – related families linked through elders; became a status symbol; only women who helped wealthier families take care of poor relatives worked in the field or had an occupation did not bind their feet
  • 9. Cultural Developments in China • Chinese novels became popular; the first realistic social novel, The Golden Lotus was written in China; it depicts the corrupt life of a wealthy landlord who manipulates those around him • The Dream of the Red Chamber, written in 1791, is considered China’s most popular novel; it tells the story of two young people caught in financial and moral disintegration of a powerful Chinese clan • Ming & Qing Art – The Imperial City (Beijing) was built during this time period and is considered a prime example of Chinese architecture – Porcelain was also a popular art form; it was collected by Europeans throughout this period
  • 10. Japan Unified • After the 15th century, Japan was in chaos; Daimyos still held their families together and warred with others over land and power • Three men helped unify Japan: – Oda Nobunaga – seized the imperial capital of Kyoto; he consolidated his rule throughout central Japan – Toyotomi Hideyoshi – reigned in Osaka; by 1590 he persuaded most of the daimyos of the islands to accept his authority – Tokugawa Ieyasu – became the daimyo of Edo (Tokyo) and took control of Japan; he took the title of Shogun in 1603 • He completed the reunification of Japan; Tokugawa shoguns remained in power until 1868; this long period of Tokugawa rule was known as the “Great Peace.” Tokugawa Ieyasu
  • 11. Europeans in Japan • The first Europeans began to arrive in Japan in 1543 (the Portuguese). • At first, visitors were welcomed; the Portuguese stopped regularly in Japan for trade – Weapons, eyeglass, and tobacco were popular with the Japanese – The Daimyos purchased firearms to help them defend their territory • The first Jesuit missionary, Francis Xavier arrived in 1549; he converted several daimyo – The Jesuits destroyed ancient Japanese shrines after converting many Japanese to Christianity; the destruction of the shrines was very unpopular among the Japanese • In 1587, Hideyoshi issued an edict prohibiting Christian activities within his lands • Hideyoshi’s edict was not strictly enforced and the Jesuits kept up their activities this changed under Tokugawa, who expelled all the missionaries from Japan and then persecuted Christians in Japan • After removing all the Jesuits, Tokugawa expelled the European merchants; only a small Dutch community in Nagasaki was allowed to remain in Japan; their ships could dock in the Nagasaki harbor once per year and could only remain for three months
  • 12. Tokugawa Rule • Tokugawa rulers set out to establish control of the feudal system that had governed Japan for over 300 years – The state was divided into about 250 territories, called hans – Each han was ruled by a daimyo who were able to support themselves independently from taxes on their lands • In reality, the daimyos were controlled by the Tokugawa shogun through the hostage system – The hostage system was a method for the shogun to control the daimyo; the daimyo were required to maintain two residences: one on the han, and one in the court where the shogun was located; when the daimyo went back to the han or was absent from his residence at court, his family was required to stay in the court – The local daimyo eventually ceased to be a warrior class; instead they became managers of the lands of the daimyo – The shogun was able to control each daimyo by holding the families hostage in his royal court
  • 13. Economic Changes • Under the Tokugawa Shogunate, trade and industry began to flourish; the cities of Edo, Kyoto, and Osaka grew rapidly • By 1750, Edo had a population of over a million people and was one of the largest cities in the world – Banking flourished and paper money became the normal medium of exchange in business transactions – A Japanese merchant class emerged and began to play a significant role in the Japanese nation – Peasants were dramatically affected by high taxes; many were forced to become tenant farmers, instead of owning their own lands; there were several peasant revolts against high taxes
  • 14. Social Changes • Japan’s system was very rigid during the Tokugawa Shogunate – There were four main classes: warriors, peasants, artisans, and merchants. – Intermarriage between the classes was forbidden – The Emperor and Imperial court families were at the top of the social structure • The warrior class came next; it was composed of the shogun, daimyo, samurai, and ronin; the shogun was supreme below the emperor; the local daimyo received land and rice in exchange for military service; samurai received rice from the daimyo in exchange for their service; the ronin were warriors without masters who travelled the country seeking employment • Beneath the warriors were the peasants; they held a privileged position in society but were often poor • The Merchant class distributed food and essential goods ; they were at the bottom of the pyramid because they profited off the labor of others • At the very bottom of the social pyramid were the eta, who were outcasts; the Tokugawa regulated their residence, dress, and hairstyles • Women were restricted in Tokugawa Japan: Male head of households had authority over women’s property, marriage and divorce; women’s rights were severely restricted – Among commoners, women were also restricted; parents arranged marriages and a wife was expected to move in with her husband’s family; a wife who did not meet expectations would be divorced • In the peasant class, women were often expected to work in the fields
  • 15. Tokugawa Culture • Literature became popular during the Tokugawa period; urban fiction, novels, and poetry were the most popular genres • Kabuki theater developed during this period; Kabuki emphasized dramatic gestures, action, and music – Women were forbidden from appearing on stage • Architecture developed, partially as a result of the shogun’s requirement that daimyo’s also have a residence at court; fabulous houses and mansions were built to accommodate daimyo families • Europe had some influence on the Japanese; they studied Western medicine, astronomy, language, and art