2. ANDREW GOODWIN Goodwin wrote a book on his theory of editing which was called ‘Dancing in the Distraction Factory’ in this book he stated that his theories of music video editing style focusing on three areas:- Illustration- Amplification- Disjuncture
3. ILLUSTRATION Music– The shots always cutonthebeat. Lyrics– The images illustrate the literal meaning or feeling of the lyrics, mainly just with the band singing and dancing. Band Image - The band simply singing/dancing/playing instruments, usually dressed as would be expected to the genre.
4. ILLUSTRATION example This Duffy example shows the singer performing the song with some dancers but no real narrative structure – just performance. The video cuts on the beat throughout and demonstrates the literal feeling of the lyrics by showing her overpowering the men and ‘raining on their parades’ as it were.
5. Amplification Music – Shots cut on and off the beat, to emphasise certain features. Lyrics – The images amplify the lyrics & create a specific narrative, could be used as certain things aren’t picked up from just reading the lyrics. Band Image – The band take on fictional roles in the narrative.
6. Amplification example Amy Winehouse’s music video for ‘You Know I’m No Good’ portrays Amy as a fictional role – as these situations aren’t actually happening to her although they could be considered metaphorical representations of her own life. The images amplify and reflect the lyrics but don’t fully follow the exact path that the lyrics may create in an ‘illustration’ based video. Shots cut on and off the beat.
7. Disjuncture. Music – Shots cut off the beat, can be a sign of a badly made music video, (but not in all cases). Lyrics – The images don’t relate to the lyrics that are used, sometimes used by bands who are already very well established, and who can afford to take the risk. Band Image – The band/artist takes on animage that’s completely opposite totheir expected image.
8. Disjuncture. examples In Katy Perry’s ‘Last Friday Night, T.G.I.F’ disjuncture is used in that her image is completely altered and unexpected, the lyrics aren’t really directly related to the video.
10. Carol Vernallis found in Music Videos that... Multiplicity of incomplete, obscure parts of narrative is used Order of shots is unconventional and shifts variably with no typical shot order. Time, space, character and narrative are revealed incompletely. Discontinuity Visual Hooks
11. But most importantly... THE PHANTASMAGORICAL BODY Shots are put together to encourage to piece together a fantasy body made up of bits we are made to see in the edited cut of a video. This makes the artist appear perfect and become a motivational figure for the viewer. For example, in this Kylie Minogue example, although she’s well into her thirties, we are made to think she’s completely perfect and youthful by only being shown certain parts (mainly rear and legs)
12. Bordwell and Thompson Theory of editing 3 Catergories of editing: Kuleshov Effect Graphic Spatial Temporal Rhythmic
13. KULESHOV EFFECT How editing can create meaning, for example an establishing shot of a building followed by a shot of somebody indoors would suggest they’re in that building. I’ve put together examples below by using unrelated shots however the system of editing and placing them together creates the idea that they are related.
14. GRAPHIC When transitions between shots are linked graphically by their pictoral qualities, for example, shape, patterns of light and dark, volume, depth and movement. The below example matches shape and has graphic continuity. GRAPHIC MATCH: Linkage of shots by graphic similarities. GRAPHIC CONTINUITY: Centre of interest is constant throughout cuts, maintaining lighting level and general image. GRAPHIC DISCONTINUITY: contrast colour and footage types
15. S p a t I a l How ‘space’ relates to shots and those shots following it. CONTINUITY EDITING: Linear/chronological narrative, we ‘see’ same time and location KULESHOV EFFECT: As a viewer we want logic, we assume the location and space are the same. CROSS CUTTING: Emphasises action taking place in several places.
