Ksim keizer 2010-10-19
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Presentation on Linked Data and Thesauri given to the KSIM meeting of the UN
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Ksim keizer 2010-10-19
- 1. The role of Thesauriand Standard Vocabularies in linking data-AGROVOC-UNBIS-EUROVOCA proposal for collaboration between agencies Dr. Johannes Keizer FAO of the UnitedNations Office ofKnowledge Exchange, Research and Extension Knowledge and CapacityforDevelopment
- 2. The Developmentof the Internet
- 4. Data sources carefully controlled.
- 5. Data formats “custom-defined” for an application.
- 6. Linked data based on an “open world mindset”
- 7. Integrating data from the open Web
- 8. Systems designed to incorporate new information incrementally
- 9. By design, tolerance of incomplete informationOpen World Mindset
- 10. The Linked Data Universe: http://www.linkeddata.org (july 2009) 4
- 11. The Linked Data Universe: http://www.linkeddata.org (july 2010)
- 12. Example: BBC Wildlife Finder
- 13. Humboldt Squid page, pulled together from a diversity of Linked Data sources BBC TV Documentary BBC News item Wikipedia Animal Diversity Web:Nocturnal way of life
- 14. RDF– a grammarforthelanguageofdata Resource ResourceA ResourceB relatedTo Resource ResourceA Some text describedBy Describe resources using interrelated “statements” (“triples”). Use URIs – unique, globally managed identifiers – as the “words” of statements.
- 17. Thesauri were based on “terms”, but terms represented already concepts in a non explicit way
- 18. Hierarchical and associative relationships represented generic ontological domain knowledge
- 19. Candidate building blocks for the semantic webRoleofthesauri/conceptschemes
- 20. ..from thesaurus to Ontologies….
- 22. 600000 labels in around 20 languages.
- 23. one-stop shop for terminological knowledge related to agriculture in general
- 24. a knowledge base of related concepts organized in ontological relationships (hierarchical, associative, equivalence)
- 25. Is a concept/term/string based system
- 26. Concepts may be organized in multiple categories.AGROVOC today
- 28. AGROVOC conceptual model,in SKOS-XL :bar skos:literalForm “maize” :foo has_synonym :foo skos:literalForm “corn” has_translation maïs (fr) has_synonym :bar AGROVOCConceptScheme Other scheme in FAO skos:inScheme Another scheme in FAO skos:topConceptOf 6211 Further schemes in FAO skos:inScheme skos:broader 8171 skos:broader SKOSConcept 1474 SKOS Label skos:broader 12332 rdf:type skosxl:prefLabel skosxl:altLabel rdf:type has_synonym
- 30. SKOS-XL output <rdf:Descriptionrdf:about="http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/agrovocScheme"> <rdf:typerdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#ConceptScheme"/></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_330829"> <rdf:typerdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept"/> <skos:inSchemerdf:resource="http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/agrovocScheme"/> <skos:topConceptOfrdf:resource="http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/agrovocScheme"/></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/xl_en_1278479064610"> <literalForm xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#" xml:lang="en">subjects</literalForm> <rdf:typerdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#Label"/></rdf:Description> URI of AGROVOC concept
- 35. Linking data through common URIs Eurovoc Maize Maize skosxl: literalForm skosxl: literalForm owl:sameAs/exactMatch http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_12332 Maize UNBIS http://eurovoc.europa.eu/219871 AGROVOC skosxl: literalForm owl:sameAs/exactMatch Maize http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search/display.do?f=1996/TR/TR96001.xml;TR9600026 http://unbisnet.un.org:8080/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=128F308557F34.283092&profile=bib&uri=full=3100001~!685149~!1&ri=1&aspect=subtab124&menu=search&source=~!horizon http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:202:0011:0015:EN:PDF http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_12332 owl:sameAshttp://eurovoc.europa.eu/219871
- 37. Stillmostof the documentsthatwe are producing are mostlysemanticallyunstructured
- 38. Human work tocatalogue and indexisbecomingalways more rare
- 42. Uses Agrovoc as a controlled vocabulary
- 43. Prototype under testing with excellent results (entire repository of ICARDA indexed)
- 44. Will produce in future Structured RDF files that can be used to link data like “open Calais”AgroTagger
- 48. Life Demo: Semanticmarkups: http://viewer.opencalais.com/ http://agropedialabs.iitk.ac.in/Tagger/Agrotagger_text.php
- 49. Collaboration Some points, aboutwhatweneedto do and whatwecould do together
- 51. Weshouldpublishthemas fast aspossibleas “Linked Open Data” and create linksamongthem
- 52. metadata from databases and vocabularies) can be published without bigger investments and with little delay.
- 54. a cuttingedgeworkbenchtoenrich and maintain the conceptschemes/vocabularies
- 55. Semanticinteroperability! Mapping!02 Conceptschemes!
- 57. Adapting AgroTagger for UNBIS
- 58. Methodologies to adapt the system to any Agency thesaurus and document corpus
- 59. Web Servicestoaccess the semantic markup engines
- 62. Discussion forum to elaborate a project proposal (can behosted on aims.fao.org)
- 63. Workshop in springtodiscuss and decide detailsPossibleSteps
- 64. Thank You!
- 65. Giving a try to the workbench A demo version of the AWB: http://202.73.13.50:55234/agrovocdevv10d/ With all functionalities, availabe to users for testing purpose.Latest stable release version 1.0 : (read/write) http://202.73.13.50:55381/agrovocv10i/Latest stable release version 1.0 (Read only): http://202.73.13.50:55481/agrovocv10i/ (Visitors only with only view privilege)
Notas del editor
- Thisgraphelaboratedby Nova Spivacksfrom Radar Networksispopular at the moment. The Y-Axisisfor the increaseof information connections. The X-Axisisfor the increaseof social connections. Whereas the Web Operating System in 2030 isstill a brilliantguess in the future, the developmentof the Semantic Web, or Web 3.0 hasnowgotconsiderablemomentum
- Oneof the key development in the semantic web are “Linked Open Data”. The Linked Open Data paradigmclaimsthatexistingstructured data needtobereleasedfrom the proprietary silos in whichthey are at the moment. With the existenceof RDF (ResourceDescriptionFramework) there are the semantictoolsto do so. Thereisalsotechnologytouse RDF. More tothislater.
- Thisis a snapshotoneyearlater. The growthisenormous. A centralpointisDBPedia, “triplified” information fromWikipedia. The differentcoloursrepresent the different information types, being “life sciences” and “publications” the mostpopulatedareas, butwith the area “government” stronglygrowingInterestingnewcomers in the last months are the two VIVO datasetsfrom the UnitedStatesdescriping expertise in Science. Vivo isactually a project thatstarted the agriculturallibraryofCornellUniversity
- Whatdoesthismean in practice? I will show thiswithanexamplefrom the BBC. The biggestconsumers (and producers) of LOD are as I know the BBC and the New York times (Butnowalso the US government)
- During the Web 1.0 phase, Webpageswerecomposedbyhumans. Todaymostwebpages are drivenbydatabasesthat can bedynamicallyqueried. Theycontainthrough RSS feedsalso data fromotherwebsitesThis BBC webpageis a big jumpfurther. I hasnotbeencomposedbyhumans and itisnotfromone database generated. Itisgeneratedfromdifferentdatasourcesthatwerepresentaslinked open data, linkedonlythrough common URIs
- The “technology” thatmakeslinked open data possibleis RDF. Everything in RDF ismadeof “triples”, A triple means a statement with “Subject-Predicate-Object” asshown in thisexample. Ideally, allelementsof a triple are representedbyan URI, anunambiguousdefinitionof a concept, whichismachinereadable, buttriples can bebuiltalsofromsimpleletterstrings.
- Whatisnow the roleofthesauri and specifically the roleofourthesauri in this set up?
- In our team wehadveryearly the idea thatthesauriwouldbecomeofimportance in the developmentof Web information management. Within the AOS (AgriculturalOntology Service) initiativewehavegone a long and winding road. The Google searchshowsour 2003 paper in JODI.Butnow AGROVOC hasbecome showcase for the useofthesauritobuildconceptschemes
- Some auto appreciation
- Thisis the AGROVOC SKOS modelthathasbeendeveloped and decided in April 2010 under activecollaborationfrom Tom Baker, whowasmemberof the W3C SKOS workinggroup.
- SKOS-XL hasbeenpublishedas a W3C standard oneyear ago. The initialversionsof SKOS werenotsufficientto express the complexicitiesofmultilingualthesauri. Margherita Sini from FAO wasmemberof the SKOS workinggroup and we are vere satisfiedthat at then end a standard emergedthatcatersforourneeds
- You can seehere the AGROVOC encoding in SKOS
- During the discussions on the AGROVOC model, wealsodid some software engineering. The resultis the conceptschemeworkbench.Is a web-based working environment for managing the AGROVOC Concept Server Facilitate the collaborative editing of multilingual terminology and semantic concept information It includes administration and group management features It includes workflows for maintenance, validation and quality assurance of the data pool The CS is accessible freely to everybody to facilitates collaborative editing Alreadynownotonly AGROVOC is on the workbench, butalso the FAO OpenArchive authority data. We can hostanyconceptscheme
- The tableshows 3 descriptorsthat are in AGROVOC, EUROVOC and UNBIS. In AGROVOC and EUROVOC they are alreadyencodedasURIs. Easilywecouldestablishrelationshipslikeowl.sameAsbetween the concepts or skos:exactMatchbetweenlabels.
- In a bibliographical record thereismuch more hidden information thandisplayedwith the metadata. Manyof the highlystructured data are linkingtoother information on the web. In AGRIS wehavenowintroducedsomethingwhatwecall “naivelinking”. An AGRIS record linksautomaticallyto Google Mapsfor the location of the center and to Google toretrieve the full text of the resource, citationlists or otherpublicationsfrom the authors. Thisoftenworks, butclearlynotalway, s asitisnotcontrolledbysemantics, butonlythroughidentyofstrings. Foranuneducatedmachineunfortunately COW and C.O.W. are the same, whereaspeanuts and groundnuts are somethingdifferent.
- Ifresources are marked up withsemanticallydefined and machinereadableconcepts, they can belinked and mashed up preciselyaswehaveseen in the examplefrom the BBC.In thisexamplewe start withan AGRIS record on Hazardouswaste, whichisindexedwith AGROVOC. Alreadynowwe can easily link to material indexedwithEurovoc, hereanexamplefromEuroLex. If the UNBIS thesaurus wouldberestructuredto a conceptscheme and publishedas LOD, related UN documentscouldbeattachedautomaticallyby the machine.
- How does this work: A resource is connected with each concept URI in the web. The concepts between three vocabularies are having same literal which is connected with owl:sameAS/exactMatch relationship. As we are speakingaboutthesauri and notontologieswekept the relation tobechosenpurposelyvague. The conceptscouldbematchedwithowl:sameAS or the termscouldbematcheswith SKOS:exactMatch. A lotofdiscussion on thisisongoing
- Oneof the groundbreakingenterprises in this area isThomsonReuters “Open Calais”. Thisis a webservicethatprovidessemanticmark up foranyunstructured text thatyoufeedintotheir service The service is free ofCharge. Why? I will show youlater.
- My team in collaborationwith the IndianInstituteofTechnology in Kanpur isdeveloping a similar service foroursubject area.
- Wehavehere a text from 1964 without a bibliographic record at handabout a plantprotectionissue
- Open Calais isverygood in thoseareas, in whichtheyhavetheirownelaboratedconceptschemeagainstwhich the texts are analyzed: “Places”, “Persons”, “Business Processes” , “IndustryTerms”, butitisweak in the specifictopicanalysis, whattheycall “social tags”
- AgroTaggerstilllacksmanyof the sophisticated featuresof “Open Calais” ,butismuch, muchbetter in the subjectanalysisof the text
- Wewillnowtry a life demo