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- 2. Chapter 6
- 3. Applied Learning Outcomes Use the terminology associated with the musculature system Learn about the following: • Different types of muscle cells • Muscle tissue development • Gross and fine muscle structure • Gross muscle function • Muscle cell physiology • Muscle types and actions • Muscle development and growth Understand the aging and pathology of the musculature Chapter 6 – The Muscular System
- 4. Overview Muscle cells change their shape by shortening along one or more planes; this is also called contraction. Over half the body’s mass is composed of muscle tissue, and over 90% of this muscle tissue is involved in skeletal movement. Chapter 6 – The Muscular System
- 5. Muscle Three types of muscle are found in the human body: • Smooth muscle • Cardiac muscle • Skeletal muscle Chapter 6 – The Muscular System
- 6. Musculature Most muscles are formed of muscle cells laid out in one of two patterns: parallel or pinnate These two patterns can be woven into a variety of gross muscle shapes Chapter 6 – The Muscular System
- 7. Musculature Charts Review human musculature, anterior view Chapter 6 – The Muscular System
- 8. Musculature Charts Review human musculature, posterior view Chapter 6 – The Muscular System
- 9. Wellness and Illness over the Life Span • Some aging of the musculature is due to wear and tear • Overuse of muscles can cause damage, which can, in turn, produce muscle pathology • Some muscle diseases are genetic or developmental • Most disorders of the muscular system are due to interactions with the skeletal and nervous systems Chapter 6 – The Muscular System
- 10. Summary Muscles cells are contractile and excitable. Contractile nature allows for movement; excitable nature permits voluntary or involuntary control. Skeletal muscle is the most common type of muscle. They work by shortening, lengthening, or remaining stationary. Muscle needs regular activity and proper nutrition to retain its size and function. Some aging of the musculature is due to wear and tear; diet and changes in hormone production can affect muscle aging. A variety of genetic diseases can also cause loss of muscle function. Chapter 6 – The Muscular System
Notas del editor
- Smooth Muscle: Found in the linings of blood vessels and tubular organs; provide the body with weak contractions that can last for long periods of time Cardiac Muscle: The muscle of the heart Skeletal Muscle: Muscle attached to bone; produces body movement Smooth and Cardiac muscle are involuntary – they work without conscious effort Skeletal muscle is voluntary – under conscious control
- Parallel – Muscle cells that run in the same direction Pinnate – Muscle cells that run in various directions Gross Muscle Shapes: Deltoid – muscles that have a broad origin and focus to a narrow insertion point (triangular) Trapezius – muscles that have a broad origin and focus to a narrow insertion point (trapezoidal) Rhomboideus – diamond-shaped Serratus – saw-tooth-shaped Biceps – having two origins Triceps – having three origins Quadriceps – having four origins Maximus – largest of a group Minimus – smallest of a group Longis – longest of a group Brevis – shortest of a group
- Review the human musculature chart - anterior
- Review the human musculature chart - posterior