Engineering drawings are technical drawings used to define requirements for engineered items. There are different types of engineering drawings for different fields like machine drawings, structural drawings, and electrical drawings. Engineering drawings are based on geometric drawings and use various standardized elements like lines, scales, dimensions, projections, and symbols to convey design specifications. The drawings allow designers and manufacturers to communicate ideas and requirements for constructing or manufacturing physical components and systems.

1. Introduction to Drawing
( ITD – ARC30103 )
 Lim Joe Onn
 Jaclyn Hwang
 Jeff Ong
 Natalie Ki
 Pang Khai Shuen
Engineering
Drawings

2. WHAT ARE
ENGINEERING
DRAWINGS?

3. Introduction
A type of technical drawing that is
used to define requirements
for engineered items.
Such as...
ViewsDimensions Details
Construction Automobiles Electronics

5. Fields
Engineering drawings have specialized
drawings that apply to their respective fields:
 Machine Drawings
 Structural Drawings
 Electrical Drawings
 Aeronautical Drawings
 Marine Drawings

8. Foundation
The foundation comes from the geometrical
drawing.
Plain Geometric
Drawing
Solid Geometric
Drawing

9.  To archive the geometric form of the design.
 To communicate ideas between designers and
manufacturing personnel.
 To act as an analysing tool.
 To stimulate the design.
 To serve as a completing checker.
 To support large number of perspective
references.
Importance

10. Thank You 
Steps involved in
producing
Engineering
Drawings

14. Elements in
Engineering Drawings

15. Lines
The difference in lines represent different
meanings in an engineering drawing.
Construction Lines
Thick active lines
Thin active lines
Hidden lines
Centre lines
Break lines
Underground pipe lines
Dimension lines

17. Scales
Engineering Drawings are always to scale.
1:100
1:50
1:25
1:10
1:5

18. Dimensions
Factors to take into consideration:
method and line type that is used for dimensioning.
The linear dimension would be the overall, auxiliary
depiction and the second form of dimensioning would be
the diameter and radii of the structure.
A mixture of the two would depict the position of ‘The Hole’
in an engineering drawing.

20. - Shows the
builder and
others the
required size
for every
parts of the
building.
- Unbroken
lines.
- 2 mm away
from the
object being
dimensioned.

21. 2-Dimensional (2D)
There are multiple types of 2D Drawing Types in Structural
Engineering.
- Plan:
‘Top View’, ‘Floor Plan’ & ‘Roof Plan’
- Sections:
‘Cross-Section’ & ‘Longitudinal Section’
- Elevations:
‘Front Elevation’, ‘Right Elevation’, ‘Left Elevation’ and
‘Rear Elevation’

23. 3-Dimensional (3D)
3-Dimensional engineering drawings
are also known as ‘Production
Drawings’
The 3-Dimensional (3D) Drawing Types:
- Orthogonal Projections
- Pictorial Drawing: Isometric & Oblique
- ‘’Working Drawings’’

25. Orientation
To show the direction of
north relative to the plan.
Level Marks
To show the height of ceiling, etc

27. Projection
of Engineering
Drawings

28. Orthographic Projection
Orthographic projection drawings are used to
describe buildings, structures or objects pictorially.
Showed through first and third angle projection.

32. Graphical Projection
Graphical Projection drawings
have two different types:
1) Perspective projection
2) Parallel projection

34. Perspective Projection
Perspective Projective drawing is a linear projection
where three dimensional objects are projected on a
picture plane.
This has the effect that distant objects appear smaller
than nearer objects.
Types:
- One-point projection.
- Two-point projection.
- Three-point projection.

36. Methods&RulesofProjection
Method:
1. Select a view from the best position.
2. Observe the overall structure.
3. Note: parallelism, proportions and alignment.
Rules of Projection:
1. Parallel lines remain parallel.
2. Proportions remain unchanged.
3. Circles are always ellipses with the major axis of ellipse
perpendicular to the polar axis of circle.
4. Transformation of 90°angles.

37. OtherTypes of Projection
Axonometric
Isometric
Diametric
Trimetric
Oblique

39. Symbols
& Icons

40. Symbols for Materials
Usually used in sectional views.
To show the materials of the
structure cut by the section plane.

46. • B.S. 1192 : Part 1,2,3,4,5 Construction Drawing Practice
• Construction Unit (1998), Computer-Aided Design using MicroStation 95, Industrial
Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
• Dennis Neeley (1996), CAD and the Practise of Architecture, New York, N.Y.: J.
Wiley
• Earle James H., (1991), Drafting Technology, Addison-Wesley
• Elsheikh Ahmed (1995), An Introduction to Drawing for Civil Engineers, McGraw-
Hill
• Jude D.V., (1983), Civil Engineering Drawing London ; New York : Granada
• Muller Edward J (1996). Reading Architectural Working Drawing , Prentice Hall
• Pickup F. & Parker M. A. (1970) Engineering Drawing with Worked Example
London : Hutchinson.
• Ratensky A. (1983), Drawing and Model making, Whitney Library of Design
• Thompson Arthur, (1993). An Introduction to Construction Drawing, London : E.
Arnold.
• ‘’ Engineering Drawings – Sixth Edition’’ by A.W Boundy (604.2)
• ‘’Introduction to Engineering Drawing – Second Edition’’ by Warren J. Luzadder &
Jon M. Duff ( 604.2)
Guarantee at least 70% referencing from books!
References

47. Thank You 
End.