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Helmet concussions martel
- 1. HELMET CONCUSSIONS MARTEL PEDEN 31 October 2011
- 2. Purpose • To raise awareness on the seriousness of sport concussions. • To decrease the number of sport related concussions. • To provide insight into the newest information on concussion management and prevention.
- 3. Concussion • Definition of a Concussion …a complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by traumatic biomechanical forces. • Several common features that incorporate clinical, pathologic, and biomechanical injury constructs that may be utilized in defining the nature of the concussive head injury include:
- 5. SYMPTOMS Early Symptoms Late Symptoms • Headache • Low-grade headaches • Lightheadedness • Dizziness • Poor attention and concentration • Lack of awareness of • Memory dysfunction surroundings • Easy fatigability • Nausea or vomiting • Irritability and low frustration tolerance • Intolerance of bright lights or difficulty focusing vision • Intolerance of loud noises • Anxiety or depressed mood • Sleep disturbance American Academy of Neurology
- 6. Concussion Rates 6
- 7. How Often Do Concussions Occur? • On average, 3-5% of all sport and recreational injuries are head injuries. • The majority of sport related head injuries are mild. • The most common cause of sport related head injuries are falls. 7
- 8. How Often Do Concussions Occur? • Patients younger than 20 years old are more likely to suffer a sports related head injury. • Males are more frequently injured. These statistics are changing as more females engage in contact sports. • Very few head injuries are hospitalized. 8
- 9. Recognition of Concussions • It is common for athletes to underreport the incidence of sport concussions. • Often athletes do not associate their symptoms with those of a concussion. 9
- 10. Athletic Trainers Report • Athletic Trainers from Canada and the United States identified head injuries as 5% of their total sports injuries. • X Top sports? 10
- 11. Top Causes of Concussions Female Male • Soccer • Ice Hockey • Horseback Riding • Cycling • Cycling • Football • Ice Hockey • Soccer • Snowboarding • Snowboarding 11
- 12. Sport Specific Rates Hockey: • Hockey High School: 17.6/1000 hours – Professional (Europe): Peewee: 23.1/1000 hours 14.3% of all injuries; Bantam: 10.7/1000 hours 0.16/1000 hours Peewee: Children under age 6 had twice – College (Canadian Intercollegiate): 7.5% of the head injuries as older injuries; 1.5/1000 hours children. – High School (US): 18.7/1000 hours 12
- 13. Peewee Hockey N = 125 (86% response rate) • Average age: 11.5 years-old with 5.6 years of playing experience • No. of players with concussion: 11 (incidence rate = 9.87%) 16 total • 7 players with 1 concussion • 3 with 2 concussions • 1 with 3 concussions (1 non hockey related) • Mechanism of Injury: player contact (n = 10) • hits from behind (n = 4) • fall (n = 1) • collision into boards (n = 1) • Avg # of practices missed: 3.25 (range 0 – 6) • Avg #. of games missed: 2.00 (range 0 – 4) • Avg duration of symptoms: 7.03 days (range 1 - 21 days) • No. subjects with ED visit: n = 1 • No. with previous concussion: n = 2 13
- 14. Other Issues 14
- 15. The Good
- 16. Mouth Guards • Mouth Guards have not been proven to prevent concussions. • Mouth Guards are required by many Athletic Associations because they reduce trauma of jaw, facial and dental injuries. 16
- 17. Helmets • Helmets are known to reduce the risk of intracranial injury however, there is no helmet that can prevent all head injuries. • An athlete should wear the correctly sized helmet and one specific to the activity (hockey, football, snowboard, bike). 17
- 18. Prevention cont. New technologies and changes in equipment SWAT Hockey does not indorse any specific manufactures product.
- 19. The Bad
- 20. Force to the Head in just 6 milliseconds A bare head A good helmet
- 21. Upcoming technology A pair of football cleats….. 150 dollars Football pads……………… 250 dollars Registration in football……. 250 dollars Protecting your head…….. Priceless
- 24. MENCHVILLE
Notas del editor
- CONCUSSION SYMPTOMS EVOLVE OVER TIME AND MAY TAKE DAYS, WEEKS, OR MONTHS TO RECOVER FROM THE EARLY SYMPTOMS OF A CONCUSSION INCLUDE… HEADACHE DIZZINESS LACK OF AWARENESS OF SURROUNDINGS NAUSEA OR VOMITING THE LATE SYMPTOMS OF A CONCUSSION INCLUDE… LOW-GRADE HEADACHES LIGHTHEADEDNESS POOR ATTENTION AND CONCENTRATION MEMORY DYSFUNCTION EASY FATIGABILITY IRRITABILITY AND LOW FRUSTRATION TOLERANCE INTOLERANCE OF BRIGHT LIGHTS OR DIFFICULTY FOCUSING VISION INTOLERANCE OF LOUD NOISES ANXIETY OR DEPRESSED MOOD SLEEP DISTURBANCE
- 5 Emergency Departments (ED’s) in Edmonton, AlbertaPatient: all personsin a 1-year period reporting to the ED’s with a Head Injury (HI)HI defined as: IC9 – CM coded skull fracture, loss of consciousness, concussionAll children and adultsThese number include sports, recreational and other accidents. Emergency Department; Children’s Hospital; Calgary, ABPatients: 4 year period (2000-2003), ages 6-16Finland (2001) Head injuries accounted for 9% of all sports/recreation injuries for under 6 year-olds; 13% for children ages 6 to 16. France (2003): Head & neck injuries accounted for 17.25% of all sports/recreation injuries.
- Retrospective survey of 289 players in the CFL in 1997 Athletes were asked: 1. whether they had experienced specific symptoms after a blow to the head; 2. whether they had sustained a concussionResults: 44.8% reported the experience of headaches, dizziness, memory difficulties, blurred/abnormal vison, nausea, after a hit.Only 18.8% recognized they’d experienced a concussionSymptoms lasted at least 1 day in > 25% of casesOther evidence of underreporting – Wiliamson (2006) under reporting in hockey in BCProblem with definition Self-reporting vs. interview; report fewer in an interviewGirls report more symptoms
- US/Canada Sports & Recreation Injuries identified by athletic trainers
- Number of concussion related ED visits 2005 from sport, top 5 causes by age and sex. Note: Based on registrants who live in the Capital Health region and are active on the Alberta Health Care Insurance.
- HockeyProfessional (Europe): 14.3% of all injuries; 0.16/1000 hoursCollege (Canadian Intercollegiate): 7.5% of injuries; 1.5/1000 hoursHigh School (US): 18.7/1000 hoursMinor HockeyHigh School: (Canadian); 17.6/1000 hoursPeewee: 23.1/1000 hoursBantam: 10.7/1000 hoursTae kwon Do(tournaments) Concussions accounted for 50/1000 athlete exposuresOther reports 5.1 to 17.1/1000 athlete exposuresSkating (athletes presenting to hospitals; 1993 to 2003)Total Injuries: 1,235,467Hockey: 4.6%; Roller skating (0.6%); Inline skating (0.8%)Children < age 6 had 2X the head injuries as older childrenRugbyPremier League (Europe): 9.05/1000 player hoursHigh School: 10.26/1000 player hoursBoxingProfessionals: 0.8/10 roundsAmateur: 7.9/1000 man minutes
- HockeyProfessional (Europe): 14.3% of all injuries; 0.16/1000 hoursCollege (Canadian Intercollegiate): 7.5% of injuries; 1.5/1000 hoursHigh School (US): 18.7/1000 hoursMinor HockeyHigh School: (Canadian); 17.6/1000 hoursPeewee: 23.1/1000 hoursBantam: 10.7/1000 hoursTae kwon Do(tournaments) Concussions accounted for 50/1000 athlete exposuresOther reports 5.1 to 17.1/1000 athlete exposuresSkating (athletes presenting to hospitals; 1993 to 2003)Total Injuries: 1,235,467Hockey: 4.6%; Roller skating (0.6%); Inline skating (0.8%)Children < age 6 had 2X the head injuries as older childrenRugbyPremier League (Europe): 9.05/1000 player hoursHigh School: 10.26/1000 player hoursBoxingProfessionals: 0.8/10 roundsAmateur: 7.9/1000 man minutes
- Research regarding the use of mouth guards as preventative equipment is inconclusive (Barbick, 2005).Some studies showing no difference in athletes using mouth guards versus those who don’t (Mihalik, 2007). Use of mouth guards continues to be mandated by Athletic Associations to reduce maxillofacial and dental trauma.
- EVOLUTION OF THE HELMET