Kleanthis Sotiriou

1. PROPAGANDA MODEL (REVISITED)
KLEANTHIS SOTIRIOU

2. EDWARD HERMAN & NOAM CHOMSKY
 Avram Noam Chomsky was born on the December 7th ,
in 1928) he is an American linguist, philosopher,
cognitive scientist, and activist.
 Edward S. Herman was born on April 7th, in 1925. He is
an American economist and media analyst with a
specialty in corporate and regulatory issues as well as
political economy and the media.

3. DEFINING PROPAGANDA
 Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature,
used to promote a political cause or point of view: he
was charged with distributing enemy propaganda.
 The dissemination of propaganda as a political strategy:
the party’s leaders believed that a long period of
education and propaganda would be necessary.

4. PROPAGANDA EARLY HISTORY
 It came up in 1622 when the spread of Protestantism
frightened Pope Gregory XV. He then urgently proposed
an addition to the Roman Curia.
 The congregatio de Propaganda Fide (The office of
Propagation of Faith) was going to supervise the
missionary efforts of the Church in the New World and
Elsewhere :

5. PROPAGANDA MODEL (1988)
 Introducing the Propaganda Model: firstly appeared in
1988 in Herman's and Chomsky's Book: Manufacturing
consent: The political economy of the mass media.
 The private Media in their book presents as clearly
business, who want to sell their product that focuses
primarily on government, corporate information and
Propaganda.

6. DESCRIBING THE 5 FILTERS
 Ownership/Advertising
(Who is under the Media umbrella, emphasizing on
advertising and less on other issues)
 Sourcing/Flak
(The exact source of the information, The lack of
information misleads the spectators)
 Anti-communist ideology
(The projection of the Evil force )

7. OWNERSHIP
Walt Disney Viacom News
Corporation
General CBS Time Warner
Electric

8. OWNERSHIP UMBRELLA
 News Corporation’s media: holdings include: the Fox
Broadcasting Company; television and cable networks
such as Fox, Fox Business Channel, National
Geographic and FX; print publications including the Wall
Street Journal, the New York Post and TV Guide….
 The dominant media firms are quiet large business, they
are controlled by very wealthy people or by managers
who are subject to sharp constraints by owners another
market profit oriented forces ( Herman and
Chomsky,1999:170).

9. ADVERTISING
 An average American by the age of 65 years has seen at
least 2 million advertisements. I have attached an
abstract from this statistics. The title is TV promotes
excessive commercialism.(Nielsen, 1998).
 “In addition to discrimination against unfriendly media
institutions, advertisers also choose selectively among
programs on the basis of their own principles. With rare
exceptions these are the culturally and politically
concentrate.”(Herman and Chomsky, 1999:172).

10. ADVERTISING EXAMPLE
X-Men First Class
• 20th Fox Century
• News Corporation
Prison Break Series
• Universal Pictures
• General Electric
The dark Knight
• Warner Bros
• Time Waner

11. SOURCING & FLAK
 “Yet attention to other subject areas has fallen. Front-
page coverage of health and medicine has been de-
emphasized the past few years. Education issues have
virtually disappeared from the front pages as has—
ironically enough, given the current state of affairs—
attention to the media industry”. (Journalism.org)

12. SOURCING AND FLAK
 “The relation between power and sourcing extends
beyond official and corporate provision of day to day to
shaping the supply of experts. In this way bias may be
structured, and the supply of experts may be skewed in
the direction desired by the government and the
market.”(Herman and Chomsky, 1999 : 174).

13. ANTI-COMMUNIST IDEOLOGY
 “The final filter is the ideology of anti-Communism,
Communism as the ultimate evil has always been specter
haunting property owners, as it threatens the very root of
the class position and superior status.” (Herman and
Chomsky, 1999 : 176).

14. ANTI-COMMUNIST IDEOLOGY EXAMPLE
 Captain America wears a costume that bears an
American flag motif, and is armed with an indestructible
shield that can be thrown as a weapon. “A pure American
Soldier carrying the emblems of his country.”
 ( Captain America VS
 “That is, not only are media capable of shaping public
opinion, but these agenda-setters habitually use this
power to intentionally create a desired sense of reality in
viewers' minds”. (Jamieson, 2009)

15. CONCLUSION
 Propaganda is the manipulation of public opinion. Public
opinion is been manipulate for economic purposes
concerning among the other Media tools. If I had to
choose between Media control and wealth definitely my
choice would be the first.
 Who can have the controlled of Media can succeed in
many areas and according to many studies the role of
Media is been hesitated for some specific actions and it
will closely examined to clarify evidence that even can
predict somehow the future causes.