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The Drama of china
   It is the opinion of modern scholars that drama
    was not native to China, but was introduced,
    probably in rather an advanced state, by the
    Mongols in the thirteenth century. During the
    one-hundred and sixty-eight years of the Kin
    and Yuen dynasties the most celebrated plays
    were written. A famous collection known as the
    Hundred Plays of the Yuen Dynasty is
    preserved, and the titles of about six-hundred
    others are known, as well as the names of
    eighty-five playwrights.
   During this period (1200-1368) the style of
    acting, the subjects to be treated, and the
    general conduct of the theater were
    determined. The Chinese stage at the
    beginning of the twentieth century was
    practically the same as that of seven hundred
    years ago.
   The birth year of the Chinese drama is
    unknown. Dates are variously suggested and
    disagreed upon and enclose a period of more
    than twenty-five centuries. The reason for this
    divergence of opinion is that while one writer
    considers the pantomimic dances--for
    religious worship or military jubilation--which
    were presented to musical accompaniment, a
    dramatic production, another wants to name
    the century of the initial stage performance
    until festival rites unite with speech in dramatic
    situation and an histrionic dénouement.
-Theory of Chinese Drama
-Subjects of Chinese Drama
   The ideal of the Chinese stage was that every
    play should have a moral. (An article in the
    penal code of the Empire requires every
    dramatist to have "a virtuous aim." )

   Both prose and verse are often used in the
    same play.

   Many of the plays are short, a half-hour or so
    in length; and the longer ones are divided
    into acts and scenes.
   In order to keep the thread of the action clear,
    each important character pauses occasionally
    to announce his name and lineage, and
    perhaps to rehearse the course of the plot.

   A singular feature of the Chinese play is the
    singing actor.
   The field of the Chinese playwright is broad,
    as he has a choice of historical or
    contemporary affairs from which to draw his
    plots.

   No class or section is exempt from the
    laughter of the stage.

   One of the most revolting features of Chinese
    drama is the frequent representation of
    scenes of violence.
   Suicide is a custom honored in China, and
    therefore often seen on the stage.

   The Chinese stage usually has little scenery,
    no curtain, flies, or wings.

   Those who would enter the profession of
    acting must undergo severe discipline from
    an early age, and must submit to the strictist
    physical training in respect to diet, acrobatic
    feats, contortions, and walking with bound
    feet in imitation of high-born women.
   There are five classes of actors, each being
    trained for certain stage types; and each actor
    is assigned to his own type. The regular
    companies consist of fifty-six actors, and
    every member must know from one hundred
    to two hundred plays. There is no prompter
    at the performance.
•Vun  Pan Shi
•Sin Pan Shi
•Vun Min Shi
   VUN PAN SHI. The oldest form of Chinese play, it
    has patriotism and filial devotion for its subjects.
    Music and action unite to play upon the emotions
    of the audience.
   SIN PAN SHI. It presents civil and military
    conditions. The difference between Vun Pan Shi
    and Sin Pan Shi is not the libretto, but in the
    manner of singing certain roles and in the tradition
    of acting. The dictionary defines libretto as a
    musical work not intended for stage.
   VUN MIN SHI. This is also known as the modern
    play. Colloquial dialects are allowed in the Vun Min
    Shi instead of Mandarin, the dialect of Peking,
    which is the accepted speech of the stage as well
    as of the nation.
Not until the eighteenth century did any knowledge
           of Chinese drama come to Europe.
  The Little Orphan of the House of Tchao.
 The Story of the Magic Lute (14th century)

 The Sorrows of Han

 The Injustice Suffered (by Tou F by Kuan Han-
  ch'ing)
 The Western Chamber (by Wang Shi-fu)

 The Peony Pavilion (by T'ang Hsien-tsu ,16th cent.)

 The Palace of Long Life (by Hung Sheng, 17th
  cent.).
   In general, Chinese drama is comparatively weak
    in the logical development of plot and in the
    delineation of character. Great stress, however, is
    laid upon verbal decoration and poetical
    ornament. There are pleasing contrasts between
    parallel scenes, and parallelism of language, as in
    the Psalms. In many passages a single word is
    played with, compounds being made upon the
    root, so that a speech in praise of a flower or of a
    royal person becomes an intricate linguistic
    labyrinth, like an English acrostic or anagram.
   And, in Chinese drama no attempt is made at
    realism; props and scenery are symbolic (for
    instance, a flag represents an army); the property
    man is present on stage; characters at times
    directly address the audience. Often only parts of
    plays are performed, or scenes are performed in
    arbitrary sequence. Since the early 19th cent. the
    Beijing opera has been the dominant force in the
    Chinese theater. After World War I a realistic,
    spoken drama, patterned after Western plays,
    developed, but after the establishment of the
    People's Republic of China in 1949 the theater
    (except on Taiwan) devoted itself to political
    propaganda until the 1990s.
   Throughout the Modern Period,
    selected and modified traditional
    operas and dramas remained a staple
    of the Chinese theater. There were
    also the numerous war plays during
    the “fighting years”, but theater
    activity during this period was much
    more varied and modern.
   TWO MAJOR REASONS prompted this
    activity:

-demands by the Chinese Communists Party
 for more drama and
-a tremendously increased interest by worker
 and peasants in amateur dramatic
 companies which by 1954 numbered about
 one hundred thousand.
http://www.theatrehistory.com/asian/chinese004.ht
ml (The article was originally published in A Short
History of the Drama. Martha Fletcher Bellinger. New
York: Henry Holt and Company, 1927. pp. 103-6.)

http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/ent/A0856737.ht
ml

http://www.theatrehistory.com/asian/chinese001.ht
ml (The document was written by Kate Buss and
originally published in Studies in the Chinese Drama.
New York: Jonathan Cape & Harrison Smith, 1922. pp.
17-21.)
by GROUP 4 (OM2A):
ALCANTARA, Janzen Irvin
FERRERAS, Paula
LIU, Colene Denese
PUNSALAN, Krisandreya
REBAGODA, Ma. Angelica
TINGSON, Gio

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The Drama of china

  • 2. It is the opinion of modern scholars that drama was not native to China, but was introduced, probably in rather an advanced state, by the Mongols in the thirteenth century. During the one-hundred and sixty-eight years of the Kin and Yuen dynasties the most celebrated plays were written. A famous collection known as the Hundred Plays of the Yuen Dynasty is preserved, and the titles of about six-hundred others are known, as well as the names of eighty-five playwrights.
  • 3. During this period (1200-1368) the style of acting, the subjects to be treated, and the general conduct of the theater were determined. The Chinese stage at the beginning of the twentieth century was practically the same as that of seven hundred years ago.
  • 4. The birth year of the Chinese drama is unknown. Dates are variously suggested and disagreed upon and enclose a period of more than twenty-five centuries. The reason for this divergence of opinion is that while one writer considers the pantomimic dances--for religious worship or military jubilation--which were presented to musical accompaniment, a dramatic production, another wants to name the century of the initial stage performance until festival rites unite with speech in dramatic situation and an histrionic dénouement.
  • 5. -Theory of Chinese Drama -Subjects of Chinese Drama
  • 6. The ideal of the Chinese stage was that every play should have a moral. (An article in the penal code of the Empire requires every dramatist to have "a virtuous aim." )  Both prose and verse are often used in the same play.  Many of the plays are short, a half-hour or so in length; and the longer ones are divided into acts and scenes.
  • 7. In order to keep the thread of the action clear, each important character pauses occasionally to announce his name and lineage, and perhaps to rehearse the course of the plot.  A singular feature of the Chinese play is the singing actor.
  • 8. The field of the Chinese playwright is broad, as he has a choice of historical or contemporary affairs from which to draw his plots.  No class or section is exempt from the laughter of the stage.  One of the most revolting features of Chinese drama is the frequent representation of scenes of violence.
  • 9. Suicide is a custom honored in China, and therefore often seen on the stage.  The Chinese stage usually has little scenery, no curtain, flies, or wings.  Those who would enter the profession of acting must undergo severe discipline from an early age, and must submit to the strictist physical training in respect to diet, acrobatic feats, contortions, and walking with bound feet in imitation of high-born women.
  • 10. There are five classes of actors, each being trained for certain stage types; and each actor is assigned to his own type. The regular companies consist of fifty-six actors, and every member must know from one hundred to two hundred plays. There is no prompter at the performance.
  • 11. •Vun Pan Shi •Sin Pan Shi •Vun Min Shi
  • 12. VUN PAN SHI. The oldest form of Chinese play, it has patriotism and filial devotion for its subjects. Music and action unite to play upon the emotions of the audience.  SIN PAN SHI. It presents civil and military conditions. The difference between Vun Pan Shi and Sin Pan Shi is not the libretto, but in the manner of singing certain roles and in the tradition of acting. The dictionary defines libretto as a musical work not intended for stage.  VUN MIN SHI. This is also known as the modern play. Colloquial dialects are allowed in the Vun Min Shi instead of Mandarin, the dialect of Peking, which is the accepted speech of the stage as well as of the nation.
  • 13. Not until the eighteenth century did any knowledge of Chinese drama come to Europe.  The Little Orphan of the House of Tchao.  The Story of the Magic Lute (14th century)  The Sorrows of Han  The Injustice Suffered (by Tou F by Kuan Han- ch'ing)  The Western Chamber (by Wang Shi-fu)  The Peony Pavilion (by T'ang Hsien-tsu ,16th cent.)  The Palace of Long Life (by Hung Sheng, 17th cent.).
  • 14. In general, Chinese drama is comparatively weak in the logical development of plot and in the delineation of character. Great stress, however, is laid upon verbal decoration and poetical ornament. There are pleasing contrasts between parallel scenes, and parallelism of language, as in the Psalms. In many passages a single word is played with, compounds being made upon the root, so that a speech in praise of a flower or of a royal person becomes an intricate linguistic labyrinth, like an English acrostic or anagram.
  • 15. And, in Chinese drama no attempt is made at realism; props and scenery are symbolic (for instance, a flag represents an army); the property man is present on stage; characters at times directly address the audience. Often only parts of plays are performed, or scenes are performed in arbitrary sequence. Since the early 19th cent. the Beijing opera has been the dominant force in the Chinese theater. After World War I a realistic, spoken drama, patterned after Western plays, developed, but after the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949 the theater (except on Taiwan) devoted itself to political propaganda until the 1990s.
  • 16. Throughout the Modern Period, selected and modified traditional operas and dramas remained a staple of the Chinese theater. There were also the numerous war plays during the “fighting years”, but theater activity during this period was much more varied and modern.
  • 17. TWO MAJOR REASONS prompted this activity: -demands by the Chinese Communists Party for more drama and -a tremendously increased interest by worker and peasants in amateur dramatic companies which by 1954 numbered about one hundred thousand.
  • 18. http://www.theatrehistory.com/asian/chinese004.ht ml (The article was originally published in A Short History of the Drama. Martha Fletcher Bellinger. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1927. pp. 103-6.) http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/ent/A0856737.ht ml http://www.theatrehistory.com/asian/chinese001.ht ml (The document was written by Kate Buss and originally published in Studies in the Chinese Drama. New York: Jonathan Cape & Harrison Smith, 1922. pp. 17-21.)
  • 19. by GROUP 4 (OM2A): ALCANTARA, Janzen Irvin FERRERAS, Paula LIU, Colene Denese PUNSALAN, Krisandreya REBAGODA, Ma. Angelica TINGSON, Gio