1. PRESENTED BY
K.DHARANI(MCA12004)
P.LAVANYA(MCA12011)
P.RAJESWARI(MCA12022)
T.SARANYA(MCA12027)
R.SWATHIKA(MCA12034)
GUIDED BY
Mrs.V.NIRMALA ME.,
(ASSISTENT PROFESSOR/ECE)07/25/14 1

2.  Microprocessor 8086
 Features of 8086
 Pin-diagram for 8086
 Minimum and Maximum mode systems
 Hardware organization
 Applications of 8086
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10. HLDA
 It is hold acknowledge active signal.
 It is also an output signals and works like 8085
microprocessor .
HOLD
 It is the hold request signal which is used in DMA
to hold the system.
Request given to hold.
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11. WR
It indicates the performance of the processor by
means of writing the memory or I/O operations.
It act in low signal.
M / IO
 It is the memory/input signal which is an O/P three
state signals.
 It is useful in distinguishing the memory access
from an I/O access.
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12. DT/ R
 It is the data transmit/receive signal which
is also the three state O/P.
 It is useful for controlling the data and low
direction via transceiver.
DEN
 Is the data transmit/receive signal which is also the
three state O/P.
It is useful for controlling the data and low
direction via transceiver.
It both data transmit and receives.
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13. ALE
Address Latch Enable
It is useful in demultiplexing.
INTA
 It is an output signal.
It is associated with INTR signal used for
aknowledgement of an interrupt by request.
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14. Transceiver
 It works on behalf of the processor to transmit or
receive the data between memory and the
processor.
Latches
It is used to store the address that is supplied to
memory or I/O devices during the current machine
cycle.
Clock generator
The clock generator generates clock pluse for the
crystal is connected.
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15. MEMORY AND I/O DEVICES
 The temporary data are usually stored in RAM.
It is used during execution of the program while
the permanent data are stored in PROM.
 The I/O devices are used to connect the
microprocessor with external I/P devices, which are
used to get the data and output devices.
It is used to send the data.
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16. Advantages of Minimum Modes
It is cheap.
Microprocessor does itself generator I/O.
Microprocessor does itself generator I/O control
signal.
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17. M/IO WR RD OPERATION
0 0 1 I/O write
0 1 0 I/O read
1 0 1 Memory write
1 1 0 Memory read
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18. Mode
Select MN/MX’
Interrupt
interface
8086 MPU
Power supply
Vcc GND
INTR
_____
INTA
_____
TEST
NMI
RESET
HOLD
HLDA
Address / data bus
AD0-AD15,
A16/S3-A19/S6
ALE
____
BHE/S7
M/IO’
DT/R’
___
RD
___
WR
____
DEN
READY
CLK
DMA
interface
Memory/IO
controls
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19. Clock (CLK) :
 Input signal which synchronize the internal and
external operations of the microprocessor.
8088 operates at two different speeds;
-5MHz <-standard ports.
-8MHz <- standard ports.
8086 Manufactured three speed:
 -5 MHz for standard 8086
-8 MHz for standard 8086-2
-10 MHz for standard 8086-1
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20. The maximum mode signals are
RQ/GT0
It is requested/grant access control signals is
bidirectional in nature.
LOCK
 It is the output 3-state signal used for the purpose
of holding the operation
S2-S0
 S2-S0 are the output 32-state signal used for the
purpose of bus cycle status.
QS1,QS0
 QS1,QS0 are the output signal used for the purpose
of instruction queue status. 07/25/14 20

21. 8088 8086
Low / Even
Bank
High / Odd
Bank
Bank – select signals
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22. BHE A0 SELECTION
0 0 Whole word(16 bit)
0 1 High byte to /from odd
address
1 0 Low byte to /from even
address
1 1 No selection
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23.  A word starting at ODD address : Misaligned
 The LSB is located at lower address in High Bank,
( Example : 00003(h) and 00004(h)
 Requires 2 bus cycles, where X+1 address in high
bank is accessed during the first Bus cycle ( A0=1,
BHE=0) and data is transferred using D8 to D15
 In second bus cycle ( A0 = 0, BHE = 1 , data
transferred via D0 – D7 )
 The next two slides demonstrated this activity
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24. Address bus
A19 – A1
D15 – D8 D7 – D0
____
BHE ( LOW )
X + 2X + 3
X + 1 X
A0 (HIGH)
First bus cycle
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25. Address bus
A19 – A1
D15 – D8 D7 – D0
____
BHE ( HIGH )
X + 2X + 3
X + 1 X
A0 (LOW)
Second bus cycle
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26. Idle State:
 No bus activity required
Each is 1 clock period long
 Occurs when instruction queue is full or the MPU
does not need to read/write to memory
Wait State
Triggered by events external to MPU
 Buffer full will trigger a wait state
 Triggered by READY pin
 Inserted between T3 and T4
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27.  It is used for various instruction set and interrupt
systems also.
 They were a popular, early, microprocessor
commonly embedded in washing machines and
domestic appliances, to replace mechanical timers
and interlocks.
 Home Appliances
 Air conditioner circuits
Telephone communication circuits
Fan Circuits
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28. Induction cooker circuits
Lamp/ Lantern circuits
Refrigerator circuits
Television circuits
 Agricultural Automation Circuits
 Anti-harm circuits
Cultivation circuits
General circuits
 Electronic Maintenance circuits
 Remote control based circuits
 Networking circuits
 Telephone communication circuits
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29.  So for we explained
 What is mean by microprocessor
Features of microprocessor
Pin diagram of 8086
Minimum mode system
Maximum mode system
Applications of microprocessor
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30.  Advanced Microprocessors And Peripherals- AK
RAY & KM BHURCHANDI
 WEBSITES
 http://microprocessorforyou.blogspot.in/2011/12/feat
ures-of-8086.html
 http://8085projects.info/page/agricultural-
automation-circuits.html
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31. ““SUCCESS CANNOT BE ASSURED.SUCCESS CANNOT BE ASSURED.
IT MUST BE ATTAINED”.IT MUST BE ATTAINED”.
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