3.2 system design for eco efficiency vezzoli-13-14

Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy
course System Design for Sustainability
subject 3. System design for eco-efficency
learning resource 3.2
System design for eco-efficiency
carlo vezzoli
politecnico di milano . DESIGN dept. . DIS . School of Design . Italy
Learning Network on Sustainability (EU asia-link)
Learning Network on Sustainabile energy systems (EU edulink)

Carlo Vezzoli
CONTENTS
. system design for eco-efficiency: a definition
. system design for eco-efficiency: approach
. criteria of system design for eco-efficiency
. system life optimisation
. transportation-distribution reduction
. resources reduction
. waste minimisation-valorisation
. conservation-biocompatibility
. toxic reduction

Carlo Vezzoli
(educationandpractice)
DISSEMINATION
100%
100%
0
new
research
frontier …
low impact
mat./energies
design for social
equity and
cohesion
system design for
eco-efficiency
Product
Life Cycle Design
ecodesign
widening the “object” to be designed
… aim at
SYSTEM DESIGN FOR ECO-EFFICIENCY: STATE OF ART
(in industrially mature contexts)
CONSOLIDATION
(research achievements on knowledge-base and know-how)

Carlo Vezzoli
PSS MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
ROOTED IN A SATISFACTION-BASED ECONOMIC MODEL
each offer is developed/designed and delivered in relation to a
particular customer “satisfaction” (unit of satisfaction)
STAKEHOLDER INTERACTIONS-BASED INNOVATION
radical innovations, not so much as technological ones, as
new interactions/partnerships between the stakeholders of a
particular satisfaction production chain (life cycle/s)
INTRINSIC ECO-EFFICIENCY POTENTIAL
innovation in which is the company/companies’ economic and
competitive interest that may leads to an environmental
impact reduction (system eco-efficiency: decoupling the
creation of value from resources consumption)

Carlo Vezzoli
SYSTEM DESIGN FOR ECO-EFFICENCY:
A DEFINITION
“the design of the system of products
and services that are together able to
fulfil a particular customer demand
(deliver a “unit of satisfaction”), based
on the design of innovative interactions
of the stakeholders (directly and
indirectly linked to that “satisfaction”
system) where the economic and
competitive interest of the providers
continuously seeks environmentally
beneficial new solutions.”
[Vezzoli et al., 2014]

Carlo Vezzoli
A. “SATISFACTION-SYSTEM” APPROACH
design the satisfaction of a particular demand
(satisfaction unit) and all its related products and
services
SYSTEM DESIGN FOR ECO-EFFICIENCY:
NEW APPROACHES AND SKILLS

Carlo Vezzoli
THERE IS NOT ONE SINGLE PRODUCT TO BE
DESIGNED (ASSESSED), BUT RATHER ALL THE
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES (AND ALL THE
RELATED PROCESSES) ASSOCIATED WITH THE
FULFILMENT OF A PARTICULAR (CUSTOMER)
DEMAND OF SATISFACTION
... A “SATISFACTION UNIT” COULD BE DEFINED

Carlo Vezzoli
SATISFACTION UNIT:
(a car):
functional unit: trasportation of 1 persosn per 1 km
(possible with a car)
satisfaction unit 1: 1 person having access to his/her working
space (per 1 year)
satisfaction unit 2: 1 person having access to public services
delivering personal documents (per 1 year)
. ...
(possible even with other mixes of products and services)
a satisfaction unit require an approach at the same time:
. deeper (more products, services, stakeholders to be considered)
. more narrow (looking at one particular customer satisfaction)

Carlo Vezzoli
SATISFACTION APPROACH IN DESIGN
IS TO THINK MORE ON BEING (SATISFIED),
RATHER ON HAVING (PRODUCTS TO BE
SATISFIED)
[Ehrnelfeld, Sustainability by design, 2008]

Carlo Vezzoli
services
B. “STAKEHOLDER CONFIGURATION” APPROACH
design the interactions of the stakeholders of a
particular satisfaction-system
NEW APPROACHES AND SKILLS

Carlo Vezzoli
[a parallel with product design: it imagines and defines
the technical performance and aesthetic characteristics of
“components” – materials/shape - and their
“connections” – joining elements - to respond to a set of
“requirements” ]
systems design for eco-efficiency: it imagines and defines
“connections” – interactions/partnerships –
between appropriate
“components” – socio-economic stakeholders –
of a system, responding to a particular
“requirement” - social demand for satisfaction -
design the interactions of the stakeholder of a

Carlo Vezzoli
STAKEHOLDERS SYSTEM MAP

Carlo Vezzoli
services
design the interactions of the stakeholder of a
C. “SYSTEM ECO-EFFICIENCY” APPROACH
design such a stakeholder interactions (offer
model) that for economic and competitive
reasons continuously seek after environmentally
beneficial new solutions
NEW APPROACH AND SKILLS

Carlo Vezzoli
> CRITERIA AND GUIDELINES ARE NEEDED
> METHODS AND TOOLS ARE NEEDED to orientate
design towards system eco-efficent stakeholder
interactions
NOT ALL PSS ARE ECO-EFFICENT!
C. SYSTEM ECO-EFFICENCY APPROACH
design such a stakeholder interactions (offer
model) that for economic and competitive reasons
continuously seek after environmentally beneficial
new solutions

Carlo Vezzoli
SYSTEM DESIGN FOR ECO-EFFICIENCY CRITERIA
(TO REDUCE THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT)
. System life optimisation
. Transportation-distribution reduction
. Resources reduction
. Waste minimisation-valorisation
. Conservation-biocompatibility
. Toxic reduction
[ADOPTED BY POLIMI-DIS WITHIN LeNS]

Carlo Vezzoli
SYSTEM LIFE OPTIMISATION
DESIGN FOR,
SYSTEM STAKEHOLDERS’ INTERACTIONS FOSTERING FOR
ECONOMIC/COMPETITIVE REASONS,
THE EXTENSION OF THE SUM OF THE PRODUCTS’ LIFE
SPAN AND
THE INTENSIFICATION THE SUM OF THE PRODUCTS’ USE

Carlo Vezzoli
PRODUCTION
DISTRIBUTION
USE
PRE-PRODUCTION
NEW TECHNOLOGIES
AND TECHNIQUES WITH
LOWER USE
CONSUMPTION
USE
DISP.
P-PR.
PROD.
DISTR.
UPDATING OF THE
COMPONENTS CAUSING
CONSUMPTION
PRE-
PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
DISTRIBUTION
USE
DISPOSAL
given function in time
PRE-
PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
DISTRIBUTION
USE USE
AVOIDED IMPACTS LIGHTER IMPACTS
SHORT product’s (system sum) life
EXTENDED product’s (system sum) life

Carlo Vezzoli
P-PROD. PROD. DISTR. DISP.
use (function) during time
B 1 B 2 B 3A 1 A 2 A 3C 1 C 2 C 3
A 1 A 2 A 3
B 1 B 2 B 3
C 1 C 2 C 3
LIFEINDIPENDENTFROMLENGHTOFUSE
AVOIDED IMPACTS
product’s (system sum) NOT INTENSE life
product’s (system sum) INTENSE life

Carlo Vezzoli
TRANSPORTATION/DISTRIBUTION
REDUCTION
DESIGN FOR,
THE REDUCTION OF THE SUM OF THE TRANSPORTATIONS
AND PACKAGINGS

Carlo Vezzoli
RESOURCES REDUCTION
DESIGN FOR,
SYSTEM STAKEHOLDERS’ INTERACTIONS FOSTERING
FOR ECONOMIC/COMPETITIVE REASONS,
THE REDUCTION OF THE SUM OF THE MATERIALS
AND THE ENERGIES USED BY ALL PRODUCTS AND
SERVICES OF THE SYSTEM

Carlo Vezzoli
WASTE MINIMISATION/VALORISATION
DESIGN FOR,
SYSTEM STAKEHOLDERS’ INTERACTIONS FOSTERING
FOR ECONOMIC/COMPETITIVE REASONS,
THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE SUM OF THE SYSTEM
RECYCLING, ENERGY RECOVERY AND COMPOSTING
AND REDUCTION OF THE SUM OF THE WASTE PRODUCED

Carlo Vezzoli
PRE-
PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE
LANDFILL
PRE-
PRODUCTION
RECYCLING
COMBUSTION
COMPOSTING
PRE-PRODUCTION
material (system sum) non-extended life
material (system sum) extended life
AVOIDED IMPACTS ADDITIONAL IMPACTS

Carlo Vezzoli
CONSERVATION/BIOCOMPATIBILITY
DESIGN FOR,
THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE SUM OF THE SYSTEM’S RESOURCES
CONSERVATION/RENEWABILITY

Carlo Vezzoli
TOXIC REDUCTION
DESIGN FOR,
THE REDUCTION/AVOIDANCE OF THE SUM OF THE
SYSTEM’S MATERIALS’S TOXICITY AND HARMFULNESS

Carlo Vezzoli
SDO SUSTAINABILITY DESIGN-ORIENTING TOOLKIT
stakeholder interaction guidelines (criteria related)

Carlo Vezzoli
FOR DECISION MAKING (DESIGNING)
identify the (environmental) design PRIORITIES:
> CRITERIA relevance (relative) per system type
> most promising stakeholders’ INTERACTIONS
types (criteria related GUIDELINES)
INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL
CRITERIA (AND RELATED GUIDELINES)
FOR A GIVEN SATISFACTION SYSTEM:
- some have HIGHER RELEVANCE than others
- can be SYNERGETIC or CONFLICTING

Carlo Vezzoli
SDO SUSTAINABILITY DESIGN-ORIENTING TOOLKIT
breif related critaria prorities qualitative identification

Carlo Vezzoli
some methods/tools developed to orientate system
design towards eco-efficent solutions:
[for such new skills] NEW METHODS/TOOLS
SusProNet, Network
on sustainable PSS
development
[see Tukker
&Tischner, 2006]
Design4Sustainability
Step by step
approach
[see Tischner &
Vezzoli, 2009]
HiCS, Highly
Customerised
Solutions
[see Manzini et
al. 2004]
MEPSS, MEthodology
for Product Service
System development
[see van Halen et al.
2005]
METHODS
Story
board
Offering diagram
Interac
tion
table
SDO
toolkit
System
assessmen
t
Solution
elements
B
l
u
portfoli
o diagram
TOOLS
DESIGN
Product-Service
System Design for
Sustainability
[see Vezzoli et al.,
tbp 2012]
Offering diagram
SDO
toolkitStory
board
Interac
tion
table

Carlo Vezzoli
METHOD FOR SYSTEM
DESIGN FOR
SUSTAINABILITY (MSDS)
STRATEGIC ANALYSIS
EXPLORING OPPORTUNITIES
SYSTEM CONCEPT DESIGN
SYSTEM DESIGN (AND ENGIN.)
COMMUNICATION
MSDS PHASES/PROCESSES
ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT PROMOTERS
ANALYSIS OF THE REFERENCE CONTEXT
ANALYSIS OF BEST PRACTICES
ANALYSIS OF THE REFERENCE STRUCTURE
DEFINITION OF SUSTAINABILITY DESIGN PRIORITIES
IDEAS GENERATION ORIENTED TO SUSTAINABILITY
DEVELEPMENT OF THE SUSTAINABILITY DESIGN
ORIENTING SCENARIO -
VISIONS/CLUSTERS/IDEAS
VISIONS, CLUSTERS AND IDEAS SELECTION
SYSTEM CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
ENV., SOC. & ECON. CHECK
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT (EXECUTIVE LEVEL)
ENV., SOC. & ECON. CHECK
DOCUMENTS EDITING
METHODS/TOOLS BY LeNS:
SDO toolkit:
environmental system design orientation
on-line use, free access:www.lens.polomi.it
free download open: www.lens.polimi.it > tools

3.2 system design for eco efficiency vezzoli-13-14

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