3. f[kner ds fy, cuk gS bUlku
yksds'k dyky lkeiznkf;d lnHkkouk dks c<kok nsrh gSA
vxj fny ls vki [kqnk ls dqN ekaxksa rksa [kqnk D;ksfd gj tqEesa jkr dks fofHkUu leqnk; ds
vkidh eqjkn t:j iqjh djrk gS Ablh rjg vxj yksx tykylk oyh ds njckj esa vkrsa vkSj eUursa
vki dhlh dh eqlhcr esa mldk lg;ksax djrs rks ekxrsa gS vkSj os iqjh gksrh gSA gtjr lS;n
vki mldh utjksa Hkxoku ls de ugh gksrsaA yksaxksa tykylk oyh] xksMok ds njckj esa dbZ ykbZykt
ds vuqlkj Mspjh;k igkM ij dhlh tekus esas ogkW chekjh Hkh fny lsa eUur ekxus ij Bhd gks tkrh
xkWo gqvk djrk Fkk A ogkW eqxy o jktiqrksa ds chp gSA buds njckj lcds fy, [kqyk gSA ogk¡ lHkh /keZ
;q) gksuk Hkh crk;kW tkrk gSA ds yksx tkrs vkSj [kkldj cMs ihj ds eghus esa
blh rjg xkWo djkokMk esa Hkh dbZ LFkku ,sls oyh dk tqywl fudyrk gS vkSj ml tqywl esa
gS tks fofHkUu /keZ ]tkfr dks vkil esa tksMrs gS mlesa vknhoklh ] fgUnq] eqfLye ]nfyr lHkh tkfr& /keZ
ls gtjr tykylk oyh dh njxkWg dh izeq[k ds yksx tkrs gSA ;gkW Hkkoukvksa dks egRo fn;k
Hkqfedk gSA eaxy'kkg oyh xqtjkr ds fHkyksMk ds tkrk gS u fd tkfr dksaA ;gkW fofHkUu /keZ ds yksx
jgusa okys FksA os djkokMk vkrs jgrs FksA vkdj viuh leL;k dks nwj djus dh eUur ekxrsa
djhc 90 lky igysa eaxy'kkg oyh us tkfgj gS vkSj oks iqjh Hkh gksrh gSA ;gkW ns'k ds dbZ Hkkxksa ds
fd;k gtjr lS;n tykylkg dk cMs rkykc ds yksx oyh ds njckj esa vkrsa gSA oyh ds njckj esa
fdukjs tkghj gksuk crk;k vkSj Qdhj eksagEenth dbZ cMs cMs etZ pqVdh esa [kRe gks x;s gSA ;gkW
dks cksyk fd vki gtjr lS;n tykylkg oyh dh gj xq:okj dks lykeh gksrh gSA ;g gekjs vkil ds
f[kner djuk vkSj ,d fgUnq efgyk dks gkftjh fj'rks dks dkQh etcqr dj jgsa vkSj blh rjg dh
vk;h mlesa crk;k dh ;g oyh dh txg gSA rc ls lk>k laLd`fr gesa vkil esa tksMs j[krh gS ftl ij
bl txg dh [khner dh tkrh gSA ;g txg gesa xoZ gSA
vkSjksa dk /kj tyk ds d;ker u dj ldk /kj ty x;k exj eSa f'kdk;r u dj ldk
mlus eq>s rckg fd;k mlds ckotwn nks pkj fnu Hkh mlls uQjr u dj ldk & eqgEen vyoh
3
4. The Intern Experience
studying psychology at Northern
Arizona University in Flagstaff,
Arizona, USA.
I have been working with the
ALFA Educational Society since the
beginning of February. Lokesh Kalal and
I have worked to bring a new level of
financial and managerial stability to the
organization that will allow it to continue
its work for many years to come. We
have also worked to develop several new
projects that will be implemented in the
coming months. I have thoroughly
enjoyed my work with both the
organization and this community.
I would like to extend my most
sincere gratitude to the people of
My name is Jake Galloway and I Karawara. I understand that it can be
am 21 years old. I am from Seattle, uncomfortable and difficult to have a
Washington, USA. I received my B.A. in foreigner move into your village. That
Philosophy and a minor in Global Studies being said, I have not met a single person
from Pacific Lutheran University in that has been unpleasant to me; everyone
Tacoma, Washington, USA. My father I’ve met here has been incredibly
works from an American company called friendly and kind. I have a great deal of
respect for your community and your
“W.L. Gore and Associates” and my way of life. The things I have learned
mother is a nurse. I have one sister who is here have changed my life. This is the
first time in all my traveling that I have
fd r kcksa esa fNih gS ekuork found a place that truly feels like home. I
gkQhtqy jgeku will never forget this experience. I will
bl lalkj esa vxj vkidk dksabZ fo’okl never forget all of you.
ik= fe= gS rksa oks flQZ dhrkcsa D;ksadh dhrkcsa vkidks
dHkh /kks[kk ugh nsrh gSAgj eqlhcr esa vkidk lkFk
fuHkkfr gS Ablds vUnj oks rkdr gS tkssa vkidkssa rkdhZd
vkSj bUlku cukrh gS blds ek/;e ls gh vki lekt dks
lgh fn’kk ns ldrs gSAgekjsa ns’k ds egkiq:"kksa us vius
thou dk ,d egRro iq.kZ fgLlk dhrkcksa ds v//k;u esa
yxk;k mUgh ds ek/;e ls mUgksus ns’k ds /kjkry Lrj ds
eqnnks dks le>us esa yxk;k vkSj mls le>dj ml ij
csgrj :Ik ls dke dh;kAgekjs ns’k ds egku dazkfrdkjh
Hkxrflag dkjkokl eSa Hkh dhrkcsa i<k djrs FksAgesa Hkh
dhrkcsa i<uh pkfg, vkSj gesa viusa xkWo vkSj ns’k dks
csgrj :Ik ls le>uk pkfg, vkSj lekt dks vkSj ;qokvksa
dks ldkjkRed fn’kk nsuh pkfg,A
4
5. Lkokyksa ds chp dh ftUnxh
fulkj vgen “ks[k] lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ
vkt laHkor% vkidksa bldk vglkl gksxk fd ge x;kA rHkh ls esjs fopkjksa esa cnyko vk;k vkSj /khjs&/khjs
cgqr cgqr de yksx gSa] loky gksrk gS fd cM+s&cM+s te?kVksa eSaus bl ij eaFku fd;k] ,slk D;wa vkSj 1947 dh 15 vxLr
ds lkeus gekjh D;k gSfl;r gSA ysfdu mnwZ ds fdlh 'kk;j dh vktknh ds t'u ds ckn xka/kh th ds fopkjksa dks
us dgk gS fd **eSa vdsyk pyk gh Fkk] tkuhcs eafty exj] le>us dk volj feyk vkSj yxk fd tks O;fDr xUnh
yksx vkrs x;s vksj dkjoka curk x;kA** vFkkZr vki ge esa ls phtksa dks vius lj ij <ks dj ml txg dks gekjs
dqN yksxksa us vdsys gh ;g dke 'kq: fd;k Fkk] muesa eSa Hkh gwa fy;s ifo= djrk gS] og O;fDr vifo= dSls vk[khj
vkSj eSa ns[krk gwa dh dkajok cu jgk gSA eq>s fo'okl gS fd og Hkh ,d balku gS] rHkh ls eSaus flQZ vkSj flQZ ,d balku
lPPkkbZ tks vius vUnj ,d rjQ dk vkd"Zk.k j[krh gS vkSj ds :Ik esa dke djuk pkgkA
ftl çdkj og viuh vksj vkdf"kZr djrh gSA og lPPkkbZ la{ksi esa] eSa ;g crkuk pkgrk gwa fd eSaus O;fDrxr
fuf'pr :Ik ls yksxksa dks fueU=.k nsxhA muds efLr"d dks o :Ik esa vksSj lkeqfgd :Ik ls xjhc rcds ds lkFk dke fd;k
vUrj eu dks ckgjh vkSj Hkhrjh :Ik ls çHkkfor djsxhA oSls eSa vkSj fiNys 20 o"kksZa ls tutkfr cgqY; vfr fiNM+s bykdksa
dksbZ nk'kZfud ugha gwa vkSj u gh dksbZ mPPk f'k{kkfon vkSsj u esa vkfnokfl;ksa ds chp mudh vkfFkZd] lkekftd]
gh dksbZ mPPk oDrk] ysfdu ,d lk/kkj.k lkekftd çk.kh gwaA 'kS{kf.kd vkSj lkaLd`frd fLFkfr;ksa dks le>us vkSj ml ij
vkSj cpiu eSaus vius NksVs ls fdUrq fofHkUUk oxksZa vkSj mudh lgHkkfxrk ls muds chp jg dj dk;Z fd;kA muds
lEçnk;ksa ds yksxksa dks vius vkxks'k esa fNik;s cSBk;s xkao chp jg dj eSaus muls dbZ vPNh&vPNh ckrksa dks lh[kkA
djkokM+k esa xqtkjk] tgka nks lEçnk; fgUnw vksj eqfLye ,d vUr esa eSa bl fupksM+ ij igwapk gw¡ fd dksbZ Hkh O;fDr
gh ekrk&firk dh lUrku dh rjg jg jgsa Fks] tks ,d felky ikajxr ugha gksrk cfYd euq"; lekt ,d f'k{k.k laLFkk gS
FkhA ysfdu le; fudyrk x;k] gkykr cnyrs x;s] eSa vius vkSj gj O;fDr ,d f'k{kkFkhZ gS] tks thouHkj dqN deZ
cpiu ds fnuksa dh lksprk gwa rks irk yxrk gS **D;k ;g djrk gS vkSj lh[kus vkSj fl[kkus dh çfØ;k esa gksrk gS]
ogha xkao gS ;k nwljk rks ugha vkSj ;fn ;gha og xkao gs cl dsoy euq";rk ewY;ksa esa fo'okl j[kus okyksa dh
rks blesa jgus okys bUlkku oks ugha t:jr gSA lkxj dh bu iafDr;ksa ds lkFk fojke nwaxkA
lp rks ;g gS fd balku dk gksuk vkSj balku dk dHkh gkykr ls ftl “k[l us fgEer ugha gkjh]
balku cu tkuk] ;g ckr dfBu gSA vksj ;g crk nwa fd dqjku lHkh us mlds liuksa dks lkdkj ns[kk gSAA
ethn esa ;g ckr dgh xbZ gS fd **geus balku dks csgrjhu
vUnkt esa iSnk fd;kA** ysfdu euq";rk vkSj euq"; D;k pht
gS] vkSj balku dSls curk gS] blds ckjs esa geus ugha lkspk
vxj ge [kwc xgjkbZ ls fopkj djsa rks euq"; ds nks
'kghn Hkxrflg Qksje dh 'kq:vkr
rjg ds psgjs fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa] ,d vfr lqUnj vkSj ,d csgn mn;iqj 10 vizsyA ;qokvksa us cSBd dj 'kghn
fouk'kd vkSj 'keZukdA vxj og euq";rk ds mij vkrk gS rks Hkxrflag fopkj/kkjk dks QSykus vkSj ukStokuksa dks laxfBr
euq"; gh cudj fn[krk gS vkSj fouk'k dh vksj py iM+rk gS djus ds fy;s 'kghn Hkxrflag Qksje dk xBu fd;kA
rks og tkuoj ls Hkh T;knk [krjukd :Ik ys ysrk gS vkSj bls cSBd esa mifLFkr ;qokvksa us 'kks"k.k o Hkz"Vkpkj ij vk/kkfjr
Hk;kud :Ik fn;k gS] vkt ds /keZ ds Bsdsnkjksa us] ftUgksaus /keZ
dks Hkh çnqf"kr fd;k gS] [kSj ;g ,d yEck fo"k; gS] bl ij O;oLFkk ds fo:} la?k"kZ djus ds fy;s Hkxrflag fopkj/kkjk
cgqr yEch cgl dh tk ldrh gSA dks Lohdkj djus okys ;qokvksa ds xk¡o o eksgYyk lewg
eSaus o"kZ 1939 dh 5 twykbZ dks xqyke Hkkjr esa tUe cukus dk ladYi fy;kA Qksje ds la;kstd yksds'k dyky
fy;k] ;|fi ml le; HkkbZpkjk Hkh Fkk] ysfdu dqN us crk;k fd ,l-ch-,l-,Q- txg txg ;qokvksa dh cSBd
lkekftd dwjhfr;ka t:j O;kIr FkhA bl {ks= esa ,d ek= dj ;qokvksa vkSj fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa 'kghnksa ds thou vkSj dk;ksZ
Ldwy igkM+k iapk;r esa Fkk] tgka rhljh d{kk rd i<+k;k ds ckjs esa izpkj djsxk rFkk muds liuksa dks iwjk djus ds
tkrk FkkA Ldwy dk Hkou rks ugh Fkk ysfdu igkM+k esa ewfrZ fy;s dne mBk;sxkA yksds'k us crk;k fd igys pj.k esa
fofgu eafnj esa i<+k;k tkrk Fkk] okLro esa og f'k{kk dk eafnj lS}kfUrd o oSpkfjd le> c<+kus ds fy;s dke fd;k
FkkA lHkh oxZ ds cPPks ml Ldwy esa i<+rs FksA ?kVuk 1946&47 tk,sxk rFkk nwljs pj.k esa ukStoku Hkkjr lHkk dh rjg
dh gS] tc eSa nwljh d{kk dk fo|kFkhZ Fkk] gekjs lkFk ,d vke tu dks laxfBr dj cqfu;knh lokyksa ij la?k"kZ fd;k
gfjtu lgikBh Hkh Fkk] tks gekjs lkFk ugha cSBrk FkkA ge tk,sxkA Qksje us psrk;k fd fd dsoy fcy cu tkus ls
eafnj dh Nr ds uhps cSBrs Fks vkSj mls Nr ls nwj nwc ij
cSBk;k tkrk FkkA eSaus ,d fnu mldk gkFk idM+ dj gekjs Hkz"Vkpkj lekIr ugha gksxk cfYd iapk;r ls yxkdj
lkFk chBk fn;k] bl ij cgqr fookn gqvk vkSj pcwrjs dks lHkh iz/kkuea=kh dk;kZy; rd O;kIr Hkz"Vkpkj dks tM+ ls [kRe
us ikuh lss /kks;k vkSj eq>s ikuh ds NhVsa M+kydj ifo= fd;k djus ds fy;s gj Lrj ij la?k"kZ djuk iMsxkA
5
6. vkxs vk dj laLFkk dks vkfFkZd enn nsus dk opu fn;kA vkt
Hkh bUgha dqN yksxksa dh otg ls laLFkk yxkrkj vius dk;ksZa esa
vkxs c<+ jgha gSA
laLFkk dks ;qokvksa ds lkFk&lkFk cPpksa vkSj efgykvksa
ds lkFk Hkh dke djus dh t:jr eglql gqbZA blds fy;s 2008
esa laLFkk us cPpksa vkSj efgykvka dks Hkh vius vfHk;ku esa tksM+
fy;kA ;g laLFkk mn;iqj ftys dh [ksjokMk o >kMksy rglhy
eas fiNys 5 o"kksZ ls leqnk; ds lkFk lkekftd eqÌks ij dk;Zjr
gSaA laLFkk dks vkfFkZd :i ls lg;ksx leqnk; dj jgk gSA
ge dkSu gS rqQku dHkh Hkh ekr ugh [kkrs
vYQk** ds fuekZ.k dh lksp ;qokvksa ds lkFk dke djrs
gq, gh lkeus vkbZA ^^vYQk** dh LFkkiuk dk edln xzkfe.k {ks= gok dk :[k cnyusa ls
ds fodkl ds fy, csgrj thou fLFkfr mRiUu djuk gSA fodkl Ckgqr mNys]cgqr dqns
thou ds HkkSfrd xq.kork esa iw.kZ ldkjkRed ifjorZu dks lwfpr Oks ftuds 'kkfe;kus Mksy pqds Fks
djrk gS] ysfdu orZeku esa fodkl dks vkfFkZd lao`f) ij vkfJr mUgksus ,syku dj fn;k
ekuk tk jgk gSA ^^vYQk** bl fopkj dh vkykspuk djrk gS vc o`{k 'kkUr gks x;s gS
D;ksafd fdlh ns'k esa mRiknu esa o`f) dk vFkZ ;g ugha gS fd tks vc rqQku dk ne VqV x;k gS
dqN Hkh mRiknu gksrk gS mldk vf/kd vPNk ;k lgh <ax ls tSls fd tkurs gh u gks
forj.k gks jgk gksA ^^vYQk** fodkl esa o`f) ls çkIr ykHkksa ds ,sykukas dk rqQkukas ij
forj.k] o`f) dSls gqbZ vkSj fdl ewY; ij çkIr gqbZ vkfn ckrksa dks dksbZ vlj ugh iMrk
ys dj yksxksa ds chp laokn dks vkxs c<+kus vkSj forj.k ds U;k; tSls fd tkurs gh u gks
dh egRork dks LFkkfir djus ds fy, dfVc) gSA og mel cgqr xgjh Fkh
nwljh rjQ] ^^vYQk** fodkl ds HkkSfrd dY;k.k esa] tgka ls rqQku us tUe fy;k gS
fo'ks"k :i ls mudk tks fu/kZu gSa] xjhch] vf'k{kk vkSj [kjkc tSls fd tkurs gh u gks
LokLF; ds dkj.k çHkkfor gSa] ,sls yksxksa dh n'kk esa LFkkbZ lq/kkj rqQkuksa dh otg
djuk gSA o`{k ugh gksrs
bl çdkj ^^vYQk** ,d xq.kkRed ladYiuk gS] tks oju og ?kqVu gksrh gS
lkekU; xzkfe.k thou ds Lrj esa lq/kkj djus ds fy, dfVc) gSA /kjrh dk eq[kMk tks
* vYQk ,T;wds'kuy lkslk;Vhß dk iaftdj.k /kqy es feykrh gS
23@12@2006 dks ;qokvksa }kjk gh leqnk; ds lg;ksx ls fd;k vks Hkzeiq=ksa ] lquks
x;kA vYQk eryc Alliance for Liberty, Fraternity gok us fn'kk cnyh gS
and Advancement (ALFA) ¼vktknh] HkkbZpkjk vkSj gok can ugh gks ldrh
fodkl ds fy;s laxBu½ tc rd fd /kjrh dk eq[kMk
;qokvksa us lkekftd eqn~nkas ds dk;Z dks le>k vkSj viuh egd xqytkj ugh cu tkrk
{kerk vkSj lkekftd ifjorZr dh fn'kk esa ,d laxBu dk fuekZ.k rqEgkjs 'kkfe;kus vkt fxjs
fd;kA ;g laxBu xkaoksa esa tk dj yksxksa dks fofHkUu ljdkjh dy fxjs
;kstukvksa vkSj muesa gks jgha gsjk Qsjh ds ckjs esa lpsr djrk Fkk rqQku dHkh Hkh ekr ugh [kkrs
vkSj mlds gy ds fy;s yksxksa ds lewg dks rS;kj dj mlds ¼ vorkj flag ik'k ½
f[kykQ vkokt+ dks cqyan djrk FkkA
¼ik'k iqjk uke vorkj flag la/kq FkkA ik'k dks lcls igys 19
;qokvksa dh bl dksf'k'k dks cgqr txg ljkgk x;k vkSj lky dh mez esa 1969 es tsy tkus dk ekSdk feyk ogh ls mUgksus 2
dqN jktuhfrd yksxksa us bldk fojks/k Hkh fd;kA ysfdu ;qokvksa us lky ckn viuk izFke ladyu ^yksgdFkk*¼1970½ izdkf'kr fd;kA
viuk dke 'kq: j[kk vkSj vkt Hkh ;qok vius dke dks vkxs c<+k bl laxzg dh jpukvks us ik'k dks vke esgurd'k turk ds fnyksa
jgsa gSaA cgqr ls ;qok] okWyfUV;jhax :i esa viuh lsok ns jgsa gSaA rd igqpk fn;k vkSj os yksdfiz; gq,A mudk dfork laxg ^mMMns
23@12@06 dks **vYQk ,T;wds'kuy lkslk;Vh** ds ckstks exj* ¼mMrs cktks ds fiNs½ NikA ;g dze tkjh jgk vkSj 1974
uke ls ;qokvksa us viuh Lo;a dh laLFkk dh uho j[khA blls igys ls 1978 ds chp mudh jpukvks dk ladyu ^lksMs lfe;k chp*1977
;qokvksa dk ,d vkSipkfjd lewg gh Fkk] tks lkeqnkf;d fodkl ds es izdkf'kr gqvk vkSj vafre laxzg^^yMkaxs lkFkh*¼ge yMsaxs
eqÌs ij dk;Z dj jgk FkkA lkFkh½1988 es izdkf'kr gqvkA Økafrdkjh dfo ^ik'k* dh [kkfyLrku
vYQk lkslk;Vh ds fuekZ.k ds ckn ;qokvksa dh viuh dekaMks QkslZ ds vkradokfn;kas us 23 ekpZ 1988 dks gR;k dj nhA
iaftd`r laLFkk cu xbZA blds fy;s dqN ;qokvksa vkSj yksxksa us Bhd mlh fnu tc Hkxrflag ]lq[knso o jktxq: dks Qkalh gqbZA½
6