3. Water Facts
• 2.6 billion people lack
improved sanitation
• 800 million people lack
access to safe drinking
water
• agriculture uses 70%
of fresh water
worldwide (40%
employment)
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4. South Asia 2060
• Maximum # of FIRs registered for
theft of water
• 2nd for theft of Cattle
• 3rd… is very interesting
• Dr. Adil Najam at 16th Sustainable
Development Conference SDPI
2013… South Asia 2060
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5. War Against Terrorism
The number of people killed
in War Against Terrorism
from 1990s till today is less
than the number of children
dying in Delhi due to water
related diseases annually
South Asia 2060
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8. River Basins in Himalayas
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9. One of the Most Water-Stressed
Countries-ADB 2013
• Pakistan was pointed
as "one of the most
water-stressed
countries in the
world, not far from
being
classified,
'water-scarce‘
• Asian Development
Bank Report 2013
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10. Pakistan’s per capita water availability
dwindling
• The per capita water availability in Pakistan has
dwindled by over 406 percent
• from 5,260 cubic meters in 1951
• to 1,038 cubic meters in 2010
• If trend continues, then by 2020, the water availability
in Pakistan would further lower to 877 cubic meters
per annum
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11. Pakistan’s Storage Capacity
• Pakistan’s storage capacity
is just for 30 days
• India has the ability to store
water for 120-220 days
• Egypt has 1,000 days water
storage capacity only on
River Nile
• America 900 days on River
Colorado
• Australia 600 and South
Africa has the ability to
store water for 500 days on
River Orange
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12. Q: What is MAF?
Ans: Million Acre Feet…
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13. Underground Water Extraction
• In Pakistan, the
annual extraction of
water has gone up to
51 million-acre feet
• Lowering the water
table
• In future, more
energy cost for
pumping
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14. Losing Capacity to Store Water
• Pakistan has also lost its capacity to store
water by 27 percent
• 4.37 million feet of water… from 16.28 MAF to
11.91 MAF because of sedimentation
• Pakistan will lose more capacity to store water
by up to 37 percent (5.95MAF) in 2025
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15. Per Capita Storage Capacity
• United States… the per capita storage capacity
stands at 6,150 cubic meters
• Australia 5,000 cubic meters
• but in Pakistan it is just 132 cubic meters
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16. Climate of Pakistan-Dr. Hanif (Pak Met Dept)
Rainfall Distribution
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17. Pakistan’s Climate
Pakistan is historically prone to Extreme Weather
Events/Disasters, such as
Heavy Rains/River Flooding
Torrential Rain/Flash Flooding
Monsoons
Urban Flooding
Snow-melt Flooding
Cyclones/Coastal Flooding
In Pakistan, more than 70% Extreme Weather
Events are associated with Monsoon Season
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21. Monsoonal Weather Systems – Rainfall Shift
MONSOON – Rainfall Distribution (1961-1990)
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Pakistan
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22. Monsoonal Weather Systems – Rainfall Shift
MONSOON – Rainfall Distribution (1991-2010)
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23. Monsoonal Weather Systems – Rainfall Shift
MONSOON – Rainfall Trend (Westward Shift)
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24. Future Trends in Pakistan
• Decrease in glacier volume/snow cover
• alterations in the seasonal flow pattern of the
Indus River System (IRS)
• Increased annual flows for a few decades
• followed by decline in flows in subsequent years
• Increase in the formation and outburst of glacial
lakes (GLOF)
• Higher frequency and intensity of extreme
climate events coupled with irregular monsoon
rains causing frequent floods and droughts
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