1. striving to perfect biological services

2. ABOUT US
Enviro-Insight was established in 2009 to provide scientific services to the mining, development,
tourism, energy and agricultural industries. Our primary philosophy relates to the further development
and improvement of census techniques by combining traditional methods with the use of the latest tech-
nology and adaptive approaches. We value the role of education in the industry and are involved in envi-
ronmental training for both tertiary institutions and the private sector.
OUR FIELDS OF EXPERTISE
Enviro-Insight successfully combines standard field techniques with spoor tracking, chemical im-
mobilization, relocation of fauna and flora, scat analysis (small mammal assemblages) and camera trap-
ping to produce a more holistic product. The use of bio-accoustics is a growing field in ecology and is
applicable in the surveying of amphibians, insects, avifauna and bats. Our use of technology for research
purposes has been adapted to the field of bio-surveying and subsequently enables a holistic approach
and far greater level of accuracy in all facets of biodiversity assessment. Finally, Enviro-insight have more
than 12 years combined lecturing and training experience in the field of Zoology and more than 6 years
in the fields of Fieldguiding and Trailsguiding.
OVERVIEW OF PROJECTS AND CLIENTS
In the past, Enviro-Insight has worked in conjunction with Impacto (Mozambique), ERM, Kala-hari,
AGES, Batusi, Pachnoda, Ekoinfo, the Department of Zoology (UP) and the Centre for Wildlife Manage-
ment. Extensive work has been completed in the fields of Environmental Impact Assessments, Linear
Structures (pipelines and power lines), Ecological Monitoring, Ecological Management Plans, Biodiversity
Assessments and Educational Training. Notable clients include Anadarko, Vale, Riversdale, Exxaro, Fraser
Alexander, Sasol, Eskom, Oppenheimer and Sons, Lonmin and Ferret Mining. Educational training has
been done through the University of Pretoria and the private sector. Under the auspices of the Endan-
gered Wildlife Trust (EWT), Enviro-Insight has been involved with the development of training material
and safety inductions in the field of potentially dangerous wildlife and reptiles, throughout South Africa.
The target audience was primarily Eskom management and field technicians.

3. www.enviro-insight.co.za
3
Overview of what we do
The short answer is“everything to do with biology”within the realm of Environmental
Impact Assessments (EIA). We incorporate botanical and zoological surveys and com-
bine these data with advanced mapping techniques to provide a complete ecological
study.
Biological Surveys
Botanical,zoological(snakes,birds,mam-
mals, frogs, fish & insects) and ecological
surveys are the primary focus of Enviro-
Insight.
Linear Ecology
Environmental surveying of linear struc-
tures e.g. transmission lines, roads & rail-
ways is a specialized sub-discipline of
EIA’s and requires a team of highly expe-
rienced field biologists.
Mapping & Surveying
Our network of associates can provide
a combination of services including GIS
models, aerial surveying & mapping.

4. 4
Herpetology includes the study of amphibians. Here a cap-
tured African bullfrog (Pyxicephalus edulis) is photographed
before being released.
Herpetology
H
Herpetology is the study of reptiles
and amphibians. Although this taxa
forms a crucial part of the ecosystem, their
inherent difficulty in sampling ensures that
they are often under studied. Amphibians
especially, form part of the world standard in
monitoring programs due to their vital role
as key ecological indicators.
Methods
A combination of methods is essen-
tial for achieving optimal results. Traditional
methods are combined with state of the art
technology to ensure success. For example,
the commonly used method of pitfall trap-
ping is enhanced by the addition of custom
designed “funnel traps” and then combined
with active searching and the use of auto-
mated sound recording equipment. Com-
prehensive desktop studies using the latest
scientific literature are a mandatory part of
every survey.
Products
The herpetological disciplines are incor-
porated into the respective relevant deliver-
ables such as biodiversity baseline studies,
monitoring programs, impacts and mitiga-
tions, environmental management plans,
environemntal impact assessments and
scoping reports. Photographic evidence of
observed species are provided on disk. GIS-
based sensitivity maps are included where
applicable.
Research
Ongoing research as well as assistance
with research is part of our policy. Linkage
with science ensures quality surveys and we
are devoted to plowing our knowledge back
into science. Research in the field of herpe-
tology is part of Enviro-Insight’s on going
commitment to the scientific community
and the advancement of science. The com-
pany remains affiliated with tertiary institu-
tions and private research bodies both inter-
nationally and within South Africa.
Training
Developed In conjunction with the En-
dangeredWildlifeTrust (EWT), Enviro-Insight
conducts safety inductions to deal with the
potential risks of venomous snakes that are
inherent to most operations throughout Af-
rica.

5. Finding herpetofauna by active-
ly searching for them is the best
method: lifting up rocks, dig-
ging in burrows, shining torches
in treeholes and just knowing
where to look while walking re-
quires an experienced herpetol-
ogist.
Precision, automated sound re-
cording equipment is used to
record amphibian vocalizations.
A species survey can then be
performed on the sound record-
ings using specialized software,
saving many man-hours of field-
work.
5
Specialized, custom-built equip-
ment is used to effectively trap
herpetofauna. Drift fences in-
tercept animals and direct them
into funnel traps or pitfall buck-
ets.

6. Methods
Botany is a highly complex and spe-
cialized discipline incorporating a variety of
methods.These include Braun Blanquet veg-
etation assessments, red-data plant verifica-
tions, BECVOL analysis (for browsing capac-
ity assessment), satellite imagery and step
point analysis (grazing capacity).
6
Botany
B
otany is the cornerstone of all ecologi-
cal studies. The interaction of plants
with soils, wetlands and fauna is not only
crucial for establishment of baseline data,
but also to assess impacts of developments
of all kinds.
In addition, Enviro-Insight has full access
to the LIDAR system, a state of the art tool
which has recently been incorporated into
savanna ecology.
Products
Botanical products are the most varied
of the biodiversity sciences. the standard
biodiversity baseline studies, monitoring
programs, impacts and mitigations, environ-
mental management plans, environmental
impact assessments, rehabilitation action
plans and scoping reports are supplement-
ed with red-data species analysis and relo-
cation, wetland delineation and protected
tree marking.The latter is a process by which
legally protected trees are quantified for
the purposes of removal permit application
as well as the establishment of biodiversity
offset plans. Wildlife management plans and
grazing capacities are also an important sup-
plementary product for social assessments
and human resettlements.
Research
All new plant species found in areas of
southern Africa are recorded, sampled and
delivered to the South African Biodiversity
Institute (SANBI) and the National Botanical
Gardens. As with other disciplines, botanical
research is a priority of Enviro-Insight.
Botanical studies need to be conducted at the right time of
year to ensure optimal flowering conditions because flowers
are often the only way to identify a plant.

7. Vegetation maps
After analyzing the collected raw botanical data
it is presented into easily interpreted maps. This
process is key to a successful botanical study. The
very latest software and mapping technology is
used. All data are provided to clients for use in
their own GIS.
Vegetation sampling
All sampling is done by highly trained professional
botanists. Plots of a certain area are selected and
then all the plant species, their densities and the
soil conditions are determined. This is all required
for a complete understandnig of the vegetation
community.
Vegetation communities
Once sampling has occurred it is possible to identify specific vegetation com-
munities. These communities can then be used by zoologists to interpet the
spatial patterns of animals and can also be used for sensitivity mapping.

8. Methods
A combination of methods is essen-
tial for achieving optimal results. Traditional
methods include small mammal trapping
using Sherman traps, spoor tracking, large
predator call-ups, jaw bone identification,
active searching and habitat analysis. Our
state of the art camera systems have been
optimized over many years of experimen-
tation to photographically (still and video)
document the presence of small, medium
and large mammals.
8
Mammalogy
M
ammalogy is the study of mammals
and their interaction with their en-
vironment. Mammals are an extremely high
profile taxonomic group, which are the sub-
ject of increasing attention throughout the
developed and developing world.
Products
The mammal disciplines are incorporat-
ed into the respective relevant deliverables
such as biodiversity baseline studies, moni-
toring programs, impacts and mitigations,
environmental management plans, envi-
ronmental impact assessments and scoping
reports. Photographic evidence of observed
species are provided on disk. GIS-based sen-
sitivity maps are included where applicable.
Research
Enviro-Insight is actively involved with
the University of Pretoria’s Zoology Depart-
ment, and Centre for Wildlife Management.
Our new findings include documentation of
never before seen behaviour (hybridization
between species) as well as new distribu-
tional records for a number of species.
Training
The mammal safety inductions were de-
veloped in conjunction with the endangered
wildlife trust (EWT). Many developments are
taking place in areas which are home to po-
tentially dangerous species such as the fa-
mous Big 5. Over a decade of experience has
been called upon to design a training pro-
gram used to help workers and specialists to
stay safe in such regions, and over 400 par-
ticipants have been trained and assessed.
A four-toed Sengi (Petrodromus tetradactylus) captured
during a mammal survey. All captured animals are always re-
leased unharmed.

9. Spoor tracking is considered to be the world’s oldest sci-
ence,anddoesnotrelyondirectobservationoftheanimals.
It is also not limited to only footprints but uses all mammal
signs such as hair, droppings and territorial markings. It is
an essential tool in the assessment of mammal presence/
absence/density and seasonality.
Small mammal trapping is another in-
dustry standard which is fundamental
to assessing environmental sensitivity
and integrity of an area. It is also used to
monitor changes in the ecology of an en-
vironment, once development operation
has commenced. 9
Camera trapping relies on remote in-
fra-red cameras which acquire photo-
graphs and video footage of mammals
within study areas. It is the new industry
standard for mammal assessments, vi-
tal in providing photographic evidence
of small, medium and large mammals
throughout the subregion.

10. 10
An ornithologist may need to take a high resolution photo-
graph of a bird to help with identification of rare species or
even just to provide evidence of a particular species.
Ornithology
O
rnithology relates to the study of
birds and their interaction with their
environment. The profile of this discipline
has grown significantly in recent years due
to the phenomenal growth of the avifaunal
tourism industry as well as the increasing in-
teraction between birds and developments,
especially power lines.
Methods
Combining methods is essential. Tra-
ditional methods of point sampling, habitat
analysis, low impact flushing and call ups are
combined with the latest technology such
as the use of automated sound recording
equipment. Comprehensive desktop stud-
ies using the latest scientific literature are a
mandatory part of every survey. Walkdowns
provide a key part of assessing the potential
impacts of large power lines on sensitive avi-
fauna. Comprehensive desktop studies us-
ing the latest scientific literature are a man-
datory part of every survey.
Products
The avifaunal disciplines are incorporat-
ed into the respective relevant deliverables
such as biodiversity baseline studies, moni-
toring programs, impacts and mitigations,
environmental management plans, envi-
ronmental impact assessments and scoping
reports. Photographic evidence of observed
species are provided on disk. GIS-based sen-
sitivity maps are included where applicable.
Research
Enviro-Insight is actively involved with
members from Birdlife International as well
as the University of Pretoria. The nature of
our work allows our teams to visit locations
that are inadequately studied and report
back new and exciting findings (including
new species to science) as well as new distri-
butional records.

11. Birds are very vocal and produce songs that
have various functions e.g. territory songs,
mating songs and aggression songs. Most bird
song is species-specific which enables a trained
ornithologist to identify birds without visual
verification. Automated song recording equip-
ment can be deployed to record bird song and
identify each species using special software.
11
Ornithological studies require hours of non-stop vigilance by a
trained ornithologist. Typically, a pair of binoculars, a notebook,
and a device for recording and playing bird sounds is all the
hardware an ornithologist requires. However, an encyclopedic-
like knowledge of the hundreds of bird species found in most
locations in southern Africa is essential to identify birds correctly
and efficiently. This requires years of field experience. Data on
bird community composition and bird abundances are collected
and related to the vegetation communities present. This allows
a deeper understanding of the avifauna ecology of an area an
further enables the monitoring of disturbances.

12. 12
An entomologist’s eye-view of a longicorn beetle.
Invertebrates
T
he value of invertebrate biology can-
not be understated in emerging fields
of restoration ecology, bio-monitoring, inva-
sion biology and environmental impact as-
sessments. Invertebrates represent fast act-
ing r-selected taxa that respond quickly and
decisively to environmental changes and are
therefore a vital facet to a holistic ecological
study.
Methods
Due to the huge scope of the group,
invertebrate biology requires a focused ap-
proach on a select few representative taxa.
The most common study groups are bee-
tles, ants, butterflies, spiders and scorpions.
Methods focus around pitfall trapping, ac-
tive sweeping, bush beating, active search-
ing and the use of ultra violet lights.
Products
The entomological disciplines are incor-
porated into the respective relevant deliver-
ables such as biodiversity baseline studies,
monitoring programs, impacts and mitiga-
tions, environmental management plans,
environmental impact assessments and
scoping reports. GIS-based sensitivity maps
are included where applicable. Finally, inver-
tebrate biology is the most powerful of all
the biodiversity disciplines when it comes
to monitoring of environmental changes,
which is the reason monitoring programs
and restoration ecology studies are often
based on this taxonomical group.
Research
All new entomological species found in
areas of southern Africa are recorded, sam-
pled and delivered to the University of Pre-
toria’s Department of Zoology. As with other
disciplines, entomological research and the
advancement of knowledge about the taxa
is a priority of Enviro-Insight.

13. Active sweep netting is one of the most important
methods for sampling invertebrates.This is because
it can be standardized between sites and the spe-
cies diversity and abundances can then be com-
pared. It is also a very low cost method but relies on
a fit and experienced entomologist to perform the
technique to a satisfactory standard.
Pitfall trapping also allows comparison of invertebrates be-
tween sites and captures a different assemblage of inverte-
brates compared to sweep netting. For example, nocturnal
crawling invertebrates like scorpions and spiders are easily
sampled by pitfall traps.The efficacy of these traps is increased
by adding drift fences to guide the invertebrates into the pit-
fall bucket.
13
Invertebrate biologists often make use of
high definition photography to“capture”in-
vertebrates and later identify them. This is
especially crucial for studies in areas where
it is not easy to export sampled animals.

14. Linear developments are a vital component of development
strategy and progress in sub-Saharan Africa. Power lines, roads,
rail networks and pipelines bring services to people and their commu-
nities, in the process helping to create jobs and build the economies
of developing nations. Such developments traverse great distances,
crossing many habitats and impacting on the natural and cultural en-
vironment. These are challenging projects. Many challenges are inher-
ent in linear construction: engineering, logistic, economic viability and
environmental sustainability.
Linear work most often involves a scoping EIA phase (primarily
desktop and drive through) as well as an environmental walk-
down. An environmental walkdown is a standard practice for all linear
developments in Southern Africa. Its function is critical in the highly
detailed verification of the findings of previous specialist studies. It is
often the final phase in the statutory environmental protection process
of such developments, allowing for the formation of an environmental
management plan (EMP) as well as small-scale logistic mitigation.
The scope of linear work encompasses all the relevant levels
of detail, including environmental management plans (EMP
phase), environmental impact assessments (EIA), protected tree mark-
ing, environmental impact assessments (EIA), environmental manage-
ment program report (EMPR) and strategic environmental assessment
(SEA). All disciplines including zoology, botany, ornithology, wetland
ecology, heritage and archaeology are included.
Linear Ecology
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15. Sam: +27 72 437 1742
Luke: +27 83 784 1997
contact@enviro-insight.co.za
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Enviro-Insight also offers the following services through our specialist network:
- Soil science
- Wetland & aquatic science
- Archaelogy and heritage
West Dunes Offices
88 Rubida Street
Murrayfield
Pretoria
0186
www.enviro-insight.co.za
Please contact Enviro-Insight through: