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Introductions



              Perspectives of
                                    Types of Individual                             Challenges for                       Anchors of OB
Definitions   Organizational
                                        Behavior                                     organization                         knowledge
               Effectiveness


                                                                                                           Emerging
                   Open systems                                                   Increasing of work                        Multidisciplinary
                                         Task Performance         Globalization                           employment
                    Perspective                                                        diversity                                anchor
                                                                                                          relationship


                   Organizational
                                           Organizational                                                                      Systematic
                     Learning                                                          Its consequences
                                            Citizenship                                                                     research anchor
                    Perspective.


                 High-Performance
                                        Counterproductive                                                                     Contingency
                  Work Practices
                                          work behavior                                                                         anchor
                    Perspective


                                        Joining and staying
                    Stakeholder                                                                                             Multiple levels of
                                              with the
                    Perspective                                                                                             analysis anchor
                                           organization


                                         Maintaining work
                                           Attendance
Individual
                                          Behavior, personalit
                                             y and values



                                                                         Personality in
                  MARS Model
                                                                         Organizations



                                                          Personality
    Employee                                                                       5-Factor Model of
                                    Ability             Determinants:
    Motivation                                                                    Personality (CANOE)
                                                        Nature/Nurture



                                                       Jungian Personality         Myers-Briggs Type
 Role perceptions           Situational factor
                                                             Theory                   Indicator


                                                         Caveats about
                                                         Personality in
                                                           testing in
                                                         Organizations


Self Concept: The “I”
                                                        Self Verification
       In OB.




                Self evaluation                            Social Self




    Self esteem                  Self efficacy




  Locus of control




                                                                         Values in the
Self concept and OB
                                                                          workplace



                                                                                       Values and
                                                         Types of Values
                                                                                   Individual behavior




                                                       Value Congruence




                  Value Across                                       Ethical values and
                    cultures                                              behavior


                                                                                          Moral
                                                                                    intensity, ethical
 Individualism and
                            Power distance             3 ethical principles          sensitivity and
    collectivism
                                                                                       situational
                                                                                       influences.

                              Achievement
    Uncertainty                                        Supporting ethical
                                nurturing
    Avoidance                                              behavior
                               orientation
Perception and
                                                                                       Learning Organization




                       Social Identify and                                                                                                                                                    Learning in
Perceptual process                             Attribution theory   Self-fulfilling prophecy        Other Perceptual Errors        Improving effects
                         Stereotyping                                                                                                                                                        organizations




   Perceptual                                                                                                                                                                            Behavior modification:
                        Stereotyping in                                    Contingencies of self-                                         Awareness of
Organizations and                                         Errors                                                Halo effect                                                                 Leaning through
                         Organizations                                      fulfilling prophecy                                         perceptual biases
 interpretation                                                                                                                                                                              Reinforcement




                               Problems with                                                                                              Improving self-      A-B-Cs behavior           Social Learning Theory:   Learning through
       Mental models                                                                                          Primary effect
                                stereotyping                                                                                                awareness           modification             Learning by Observing.       experience




                                                                                                                                                                    Contingencies of
                                                                                                              Recency effect          Meaningful interaction
                                                                                                                                                                     reinforcement




                                                                                                                                                                 Behavior modification
                                                                                                          False-cinsensus effect
                                                                                                                                                                      in practice
How emotions influence
                                                                  Types of emotions
                                                                                               attitudes and behavior
                                  Emotions in workplace
                                                              Emotions, attitudees, and
                                                                                                Cognitive dissonance
                                                                     behavior


                                                               Emotional display norms
                                                                                             Emotions and personality
                                                                  across cultures
                                  Managing emotions at
                                         work
                                                                Emotional dissonance


                                                                 Improving emotional
                                  Emotional intelligence
                                                                     intelligence
Workplace emotions, attitudes




                                                                                                Job satisfaction and
                                                                                                   performance
                                                               Job satisfaction and work
                                     Job satisfaction
                                                                    behavior (EVLN)
         and stress.




                                                                                                Job satisfaction and
                                                                                               customer satisfaction
                                                                 Consequences of Org
                                                                    Commitment
                                      Organizational
                                      commitment
                                                              Building org. commitment



                                                              General adaptive syndrome



                                                               Consequences of distress             Job burnout



                                                                                              Harassment and incivility



                                                                       Stressors                   Work overload
                                Work-related stress and its
                                      management
                                                              Individual of differences in
                                                                                                  Low task control
                                                                         stress


                                                                                               Remove the stressors


                                                                                                Withdraw from the
                                                                                                    stressors


                                                               Managing work-related
                                                                                             Change stress perception
                                                                      stress


                                                                                             Control stress consquences



                                                                                               Receive social support
Individual differences in
                                                 needs

                                           Maslow’s needs
                                                                         Limitations
                                           hierarchy theory.


                                              ERG theory                    nAch
               Employee engagement.


                Employee drives and                                          nAff
                      needs.            Learned Needs theory
                                                                            nPow


                                                                       Learning Needs


                                                                        Its influences.
                                            4-drives theory
                                                                        Implications
Motivations.




                                                                      Increasing E-to-P
                                                                        expectancies

                Expectancy theory of                                  Increasing P-to-O
                                        Practice of the theory.
                    motivation                                          expectancies

                                                                     Increasing outcome
                                          Balanced Scorecard
                                                                          valences

                                                                      Feedback through
                                          Characteristics of
                                                                       strength based
                                          effective feedback
                                                                          coaching
                  Goal setting and
                     feedback                                       Multisource feedback
                                         Sources of feedback
                                                                      Closing feedback
                                                                           sources
                                        Evaluating goal setting
                                            and feedback

                                                                    Inequity and employee
                                                                          motivation

                                                                    Individual differences
                                             Equity theory
                                                                      equity sensitivity
               Organizational justice
                                                                      Evaluating equity
                                           Procedural justice
                                                                           theory
Membership and seniority
                                                      based reward


                      Money in the workplace      Job status based rewards


                         Financial Reward            Competency based               Link rewards to
                             Practices                   rewards                     performance


                                                     Performance-based          Ensure that reward are
                                                          rewards                      relevant


                                                     Improving reward            Use team rewards for
                                                       effectiveness             interdependent jobs


                                                                                Ensure that reward are
                                                                                        valued


                                                                               Watch out for unintended
                                                                                    consequences


                                                                                Scientific management

                                                   JD and work efficiency
Applied Performance




                                                                                   Problems with job
                                                                                     specifications
      Practices




                                                                                Core job characteristics



                                                   JD and work motivation      Critical psychological state
                        Job design practices


                                                                                 Individual differences



                                                                                      Job rotation


                                                      JD practices that
                                                                                    Job enlargement
                                                         motivated


                                                        Supporting
                      Empowerment Practices                                         Job enrichment
                                                       empowerment


                                                                                 Personal goal setting



                                                                               Designing natural rewards

                                                  Self-leadership strategies

                                                                                    Self-monitoring
                                                       Self-leadership
                      Self-leadership Practices
                                                        effectiveness
                                                                                   Self-reinforcement
                                                       Self-leadership
                                                        contingency
Teams & Informal groups        Informal Groups



                Adv & Disadv. Of Teams           Challenges



                    Model of Teams         Organizational and Team
                     effectiveness              Environment



                                                                               Pooled



                                             Team characteristics            Sequential



                 Team design Elements             Team size                  Reciprocal



                                              Team composition


                                                                        Forming -> Storming->
                                                                       Norming-> Performing->
Team Dynamics




                                                                            Adjourning.


                                             Team development                Team roles



                                                                             Team norms


                     Team process
                                                                              Influences

                                               Team cohesion

                                                                            Consequences

                                                 Team trust



                   Self direct teams           Success factors



                     Virtual Teams             Success Factors



                                                                       Evaluation Apprehension



                                                                         Pressure to conform

                                                 Constraints

                                                                             Groupthink



                                                                           Time constraints

                 Team decision making

                                                                               Conflict



                                                                            Brainstorming
                                          Team structures to improve
                                                     DM
                                                                       Electronic brainstorming



                                                                       Nominal group technique
Importances


                                   Model of              Influences on effective
                                 communication                 enc & dec.

                                                          Computer-mediated
                                                                                      Email & problems
                                                            communication
                                 Communication
                                   channels
                                                               Nonverbal
                                                                                    Emotional contagion
                                                             communication


                                                            Social acceptance


                               Choosing the best                                      Evaluating media-
                                                             Media richness
                             communication channel                                     richness theory

                                                             Communication
Communication in teams and




                                                         channels and persuasion


                                                          Perceptual processes
     Organization




                                                                Filtering
                             Communication barriers                                        Jargon
                                                                Language
                                                                                    Ambiguity of language
                                                          Information overload


                                                          Nonverbal differences
                                                             across cultures
                             Cross-cultural and cross-
                             gender communication
                                                          Gender differences in
                                                                comm.


                                                           Getting msg. across            Sensing
                             Improving interpersonal
                                communication
                                                             Active listening            Evaluating


                                                             Characteristics            Responding
                             Communication through
                                  grapevine
                                                         Benefits and limitations
Conflict and
                                                                                                     negotiation in the
                                                                                                        workplace



                                            Conflict process   Structural sources of      Interpersonal conflict      Structural approaches                                               Resolving conflict
               Bad or good conflict
                                                model             conflict in org.            handling style                  to CM                                                      through negotiation



                                                                                                       Problem
    Past-present                                                                               solving, forcing, avoidi        Emphasizing           Bargaining zone       situational influences                                  3rd party conflict
                               Emerging view                         Incompatible goals                                                                                                                Negotiator skills
perspective of conflict                                                                        ng, yielding, comprom        superordinate goals    model of negotiations      on negotiations                                          resolution
                                                                                                         ising.



                                                                                                 Choosing the best               Reducing
          Conflict is bad             Constructive                     Differentiation                                                                                                 Location                  Preparation                Arbitration
                                                                                                       style                  differentiation



                                                                                                                                Improving
                                                                                                Cultural and gender
         Optimal conflict        Relationship conflict.               Interdependence                                       communication and                                      Physical setting              Info. Gather               Inquisition
                                                                                                    differences
                                                                                                                              understanding



                                                                                                                                                                                  Time passage and
      Two types of conflict           Separating                      Scarce resources                                         Reducing task                                                                   Comm. Effectively            Mediation
                                                                                                                                                                                     deadlines




                                                                                                                                                                                      Audiences
                                                                        Comm. Prob.                                         Increasing resources                                                           Making concessions
                                                                                                                                                                                    characteristics




                                                                                                                            Clarifying rules and
                                                                                                                               procedures.
Leadership Context            Shared leadership



                                                                              Personality



                                                                              Self-concept



                                                                                 Drive



                                                                                Integrity

                                                 Categories
             Competency Perspective of
                                                                         Leadership motivation
                   leadership
                                                  Limitation

                                                                       Knowledge of the business
             Behavioral Perspective of
                                           Task & People oriented.
                   Leadership
                                                                         Cognitive and practical
                                                                              intelligence
Leadership




                                                                         Emotional intelligence



                                                                                 Styles

                                              Path-Goal Theory

                                                                             Contingencies


                                                                         Situational Leadership
             Contingency Perspective of                                          Theory
                    Leadership

                                                                         Fiedler’s Contingency
                                          Other Contingency Theory
                                                                                 Model

                                                                        Changing the situation to
                                           Leadership Substitutes      match the Leader’s Natural
                                                                                  style

                                            Transformational vs.
                                          Transactional Leadership
                                                                        Create a strategic Vision
                                            Transformational vs.
                                           Charismatic leadership
                                                                         Communicate with the
                                                                              vision
                                                 Elements of
                                              Transformational
                                                 Leadership
                 Transformational
                                                                            Model the vision
             Perspective of Leadership


             Cross-cultural and gender                                 Build commitment toward
                       issue.                                                  the vision


                                                                         Prototypes of effective
                                                                                 leader
                                          Evaluating the perspective

                                                                         Romance of leadership
Content of org culture

                            Elements of org. culture

                                                              Organizational subcultures




                                                             Organizational and legends




                                                               Rituals and ceremonies

                           Deciphering organizational
                            culture through artifacts

                                                               Organizational language




                                                             Physical structures symbols



                                                                                                Culture content alignment with
                                                                                                         environment



                                                            Contingencies & effectiveness         Avoiding a corporate cult
Organizational culture




                          Importance of organizational
                                   culture
                                                              Organizational culture and
                                                                                                       Adaptive culture
                                                                   business ethics



                                                                                                         Assimilation

                                                                   Bicultural audit

                         Merging organizational cultures                                                Deculturation

                                                            Strategies for merging cultures

                                                                                                         Intergration

                                                           Actions of founders and leaders

                                                                                                         Separation

                                                                   Aligning artifacts

                          Changing and strengthening
                            organizational culture
                                                           Introducing culturally consistent
                                                                       rewards



                                                           Attracting, selecting, socializing
                                                                      employees

                                                                                                Pre-employment socialization

                                                           Learning and adjustment process

                                                                                                          Encounter

                                                                        Stages

                                                                                                      Role management
                            Organizational socializing


                                                                                                          Outcomes




                                                                Improving the process                      Agents
Employees resistance
                         Lewin’s force field analysis
                                                            Restraining forces
                                   model
                                                                                            The factors



                                                                                          Communication



                                                                                             Learning
                                                           Creating urgerncy for
                                                                  change
                                                                                       Employee involvement
                         Unfreezing, changing and        Reducing the restraining
                                refreezing                        force
                                                                                        Stress management
                          Change agents, strategic
Organizational changes




                                                          Refreezing the desired
                            visions and diffusing
                                                                conditions
                                  changes
                                                                                            Negotiation



                                                                                             Coercion


                                                                                       Form client-consultant
                                                                                           relationship


                                                                                       Diagnose the need for
                                                                                              change
                                                        Action research approaches

                                                                                       Introduce intervention


                                                                                       Evaluate and stabilize
                                                                                              change


                               4 approaches                                                                      Discovery


                          Cross cultural & ethical
                                                                                                                 Dreaming
                           issues in org. change
                                                           Appreciative inquiry       4D model of appreciation
                                                               approach                      inquiry
                         Org. behavior: the journey
                                                                                                                 Designing
                                 continues.
                                                        Parallel learning structure
                                                                 approach
                                                                                                                 Delivering

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Individual Behavior and Organizational Effectiveness

  • 1. Introductions Perspectives of Types of Individual Challenges for Anchors of OB Definitions Organizational Behavior organization knowledge Effectiveness Emerging Open systems Increasing of work Multidisciplinary Task Performance Globalization employment Perspective diversity anchor relationship Organizational Organizational Systematic Learning Its consequences Citizenship research anchor Perspective. High-Performance Counterproductive Contingency Work Practices work behavior anchor Perspective Joining and staying Stakeholder Multiple levels of with the Perspective analysis anchor organization Maintaining work Attendance
  • 2. Individual Behavior, personalit y and values Personality in MARS Model Organizations Personality Employee 5-Factor Model of Ability Determinants: Motivation Personality (CANOE) Nature/Nurture Jungian Personality Myers-Briggs Type Role perceptions Situational factor Theory Indicator Caveats about Personality in testing in Organizations Self Concept: The “I” Self Verification In OB. Self evaluation Social Self Self esteem Self efficacy Locus of control Values in the Self concept and OB workplace Values and Types of Values Individual behavior Value Congruence Value Across Ethical values and cultures behavior Moral intensity, ethical Individualism and Power distance 3 ethical principles sensitivity and collectivism situational influences. Achievement Uncertainty Supporting ethical nurturing Avoidance behavior orientation
  • 3. Perception and Learning Organization Social Identify and Learning in Perceptual process Attribution theory Self-fulfilling prophecy Other Perceptual Errors Improving effects Stereotyping organizations Perceptual Behavior modification: Stereotyping in Contingencies of self- Awareness of Organizations and Errors Halo effect Leaning through Organizations fulfilling prophecy perceptual biases interpretation Reinforcement Problems with Improving self- A-B-Cs behavior Social Learning Theory: Learning through Mental models Primary effect stereotyping awareness modification Learning by Observing. experience Contingencies of Recency effect Meaningful interaction reinforcement Behavior modification False-cinsensus effect in practice
  • 4. How emotions influence Types of emotions attitudes and behavior Emotions in workplace Emotions, attitudees, and Cognitive dissonance behavior Emotional display norms Emotions and personality across cultures Managing emotions at work Emotional dissonance Improving emotional Emotional intelligence intelligence Workplace emotions, attitudes Job satisfaction and performance Job satisfaction and work Job satisfaction behavior (EVLN) and stress. Job satisfaction and customer satisfaction Consequences of Org Commitment Organizational commitment Building org. commitment General adaptive syndrome Consequences of distress Job burnout Harassment and incivility Stressors Work overload Work-related stress and its management Individual of differences in Low task control stress Remove the stressors Withdraw from the stressors Managing work-related Change stress perception stress Control stress consquences Receive social support
  • 5. Individual differences in needs Maslow’s needs Limitations hierarchy theory. ERG theory nAch Employee engagement. Employee drives and nAff needs. Learned Needs theory nPow Learning Needs Its influences. 4-drives theory Implications Motivations. Increasing E-to-P expectancies Expectancy theory of Increasing P-to-O Practice of the theory. motivation expectancies Increasing outcome Balanced Scorecard valences Feedback through Characteristics of strength based effective feedback coaching Goal setting and feedback Multisource feedback Sources of feedback Closing feedback sources Evaluating goal setting and feedback Inequity and employee motivation Individual differences Equity theory equity sensitivity Organizational justice Evaluating equity Procedural justice theory
  • 6. Membership and seniority based reward Money in the workplace Job status based rewards Financial Reward Competency based Link rewards to Practices rewards performance Performance-based Ensure that reward are rewards relevant Improving reward Use team rewards for effectiveness interdependent jobs Ensure that reward are valued Watch out for unintended consequences Scientific management JD and work efficiency Applied Performance Problems with job specifications Practices Core job characteristics JD and work motivation Critical psychological state Job design practices Individual differences Job rotation JD practices that Job enlargement motivated Supporting Empowerment Practices Job enrichment empowerment Personal goal setting Designing natural rewards Self-leadership strategies Self-monitoring Self-leadership Self-leadership Practices effectiveness Self-reinforcement Self-leadership contingency
  • 7. Teams & Informal groups Informal Groups Adv & Disadv. Of Teams Challenges Model of Teams Organizational and Team effectiveness Environment Pooled Team characteristics Sequential Team design Elements Team size Reciprocal Team composition Forming -> Storming-> Norming-> Performing-> Team Dynamics Adjourning. Team development Team roles Team norms Team process Influences Team cohesion Consequences Team trust Self direct teams Success factors Virtual Teams Success Factors Evaluation Apprehension Pressure to conform Constraints Groupthink Time constraints Team decision making Conflict Brainstorming Team structures to improve DM Electronic brainstorming Nominal group technique
  • 8. Importances Model of Influences on effective communication enc & dec. Computer-mediated Email & problems communication Communication channels Nonverbal Emotional contagion communication Social acceptance Choosing the best Evaluating media- Media richness communication channel richness theory Communication Communication in teams and channels and persuasion Perceptual processes Organization Filtering Communication barriers Jargon Language Ambiguity of language Information overload Nonverbal differences across cultures Cross-cultural and cross- gender communication Gender differences in comm. Getting msg. across Sensing Improving interpersonal communication Active listening Evaluating Characteristics Responding Communication through grapevine Benefits and limitations
  • 9. Conflict and negotiation in the workplace Conflict process Structural sources of Interpersonal conflict Structural approaches Resolving conflict Bad or good conflict model conflict in org. handling style to CM through negotiation Problem Past-present solving, forcing, avoidi Emphasizing Bargaining zone situational influences 3rd party conflict Emerging view Incompatible goals Negotiator skills perspective of conflict ng, yielding, comprom superordinate goals model of negotiations on negotiations resolution ising. Choosing the best Reducing Conflict is bad Constructive Differentiation Location Preparation Arbitration style differentiation Improving Cultural and gender Optimal conflict Relationship conflict. Interdependence communication and Physical setting Info. Gather Inquisition differences understanding Time passage and Two types of conflict Separating Scarce resources Reducing task Comm. Effectively Mediation deadlines Audiences Comm. Prob. Increasing resources Making concessions characteristics Clarifying rules and procedures.
  • 10. Leadership Context Shared leadership Personality Self-concept Drive Integrity Categories Competency Perspective of Leadership motivation leadership Limitation Knowledge of the business Behavioral Perspective of Task & People oriented. Leadership Cognitive and practical intelligence Leadership Emotional intelligence Styles Path-Goal Theory Contingencies Situational Leadership Contingency Perspective of Theory Leadership Fiedler’s Contingency Other Contingency Theory Model Changing the situation to Leadership Substitutes match the Leader’s Natural style Transformational vs. Transactional Leadership Create a strategic Vision Transformational vs. Charismatic leadership Communicate with the vision Elements of Transformational Leadership Transformational Model the vision Perspective of Leadership Cross-cultural and gender Build commitment toward issue. the vision Prototypes of effective leader Evaluating the perspective Romance of leadership
  • 11. Content of org culture Elements of org. culture Organizational subcultures Organizational and legends Rituals and ceremonies Deciphering organizational culture through artifacts Organizational language Physical structures symbols Culture content alignment with environment Contingencies & effectiveness Avoiding a corporate cult Organizational culture Importance of organizational culture Organizational culture and Adaptive culture business ethics Assimilation Bicultural audit Merging organizational cultures Deculturation Strategies for merging cultures Intergration Actions of founders and leaders Separation Aligning artifacts Changing and strengthening organizational culture Introducing culturally consistent rewards Attracting, selecting, socializing employees Pre-employment socialization Learning and adjustment process Encounter Stages Role management Organizational socializing Outcomes Improving the process Agents
  • 12. Employees resistance Lewin’s force field analysis Restraining forces model The factors Communication Learning Creating urgerncy for change Employee involvement Unfreezing, changing and Reducing the restraining refreezing force Stress management Change agents, strategic Organizational changes Refreezing the desired visions and diffusing conditions changes Negotiation Coercion Form client-consultant relationship Diagnose the need for change Action research approaches Introduce intervention Evaluate and stabilize change 4 approaches Discovery Cross cultural & ethical Dreaming issues in org. change Appreciative inquiry 4D model of appreciation approach inquiry Org. behavior: the journey Designing continues. Parallel learning structure approach Delivering