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Restorative Justice in Prisons
- 1. Restorative Justice
in Prison
Daniel W. Van Ness
Centre for Justice & Reconciliation
Prison Fellowship International
© 2006 Centre for Justice and Reconciliation at Prison Fellowship
- 2. Why Prisons?
Initiated by:
Prisoners
Victims
Prison officials
NGOs
© 2006 Centre for Justice and Reconciliation at Prison Fellowship
- 3. Restorative Justice in Prisons
Why Prisons?
Objectives
Can Restorative Justice Work
in Prison?
Communities of Restoration
© 2006 Centre for Justice and Reconciliation at Prison Fellowship
- 4. Objectives
1. Victim Awareness and Empathy
2. Amends
3. Mediation/Dialogue
4. Prison-Community Ties
5. Conflict Resolution
6. Transformation
© 2006 Centre for Justice and Reconciliation at Prison Fellowship
- 5. Objectives
1. Victim awareness and
empathy
Teach about impact – no victim
involvement
Victim presentations in prison
Conversations between victims
and offenders
© 2006 Centre for Justice and Reconciliation at Prison Fellowship
- 6. Objectives
2. Amends programs
Programs to pay actual victims
Programs with symbolic amends
© 2006 Centre for Justice and Reconciliation at Prison Fellowship
- 7. Objectives
3. Mediation – dialogue programs
Meetings between victims and
their offenders
Meetings between families and
offenders
Meetings between communities
and offenders
© 2006 Centre for Justice and Reconciliation at Prison Fellowship
- 8. Objectives
4. Build ties between prison and
communities
Prisoners perform community
service
© 2006 Centre for Justice and Reconciliation at Prison Fellowship
- 9. Objectives
5. Conflict resolution programs
Alternatives to Violence
Resolve disputes among
prisoners
Resolve disputes among staff
Prisoner discipline and
grievances
© 2006 Centre for Justice and Reconciliation at Prison Fellowship
- 10. Objectives
6. Transformation of prisoners
Foster virtue in prisoners
Moral goodness or excellence
© 2006 Centre for Justice and Reconciliation at Prison Fellowship
- 12. Obstacles
1. Active versus passive stance
of prisoners
Taking responsibility requires
hard work – reflection and
reform of themselves
Prison makes prisoners docile
and unreflective
© 2006 Centre for Justice and Reconciliation at Prison Fellowship
- 13. Obstacles
2. Competition with prison
culture
Prisoners see selves as victims
of corrupt or unjust system
Prison subcultures are deviant
© 2006 Centre for Justice and Reconciliation at Prison Fellowship
- 14. Obstacles
3. Conflict resolution versus
prison discipline
Prisons use or threaten force
Prisoners use force against
each other
Work against peaceful conflict
resolution
© 2006 Centre for Justice and Reconciliation at Prison Fellowship
- 15. Obstacles
4. Stated versus perceived goals
RJ staff – create a new sort of
prison
Prisoners – way of getting
prison leave for good
behaviour, work experience,
etc.
Prison staff – way of gaining
more control over prisoners
© 2006 Centre for Justice and Reconciliation at Prison Fellowship
- 16. Obstacles
5. Lack of autonomy
Prisons are authoritarian and
hierarchical
Makes it hard to take
responsibility
May make it impossible to take
steps toward responsibility
© 2006 Centre for Justice and Reconciliation at Prison Fellowship
- 17. Obstacles
6. Social conditions in prison
Prison conditions are seldom
good
Keeps prisoner focus on their
situation, not on how their
actions have harmed others
© 2006 Centre for Justice and Reconciliation at Prison Fellowship
- 18. Obstacles
7. Offender focus of prison
Prisons are preoccupied with
prisoners
Difficult to maintain an authentic
focus on victims
© 2006 Centre for Justice and Reconciliation at Prison Fellowship
- 19. Obstacles
8. Legitimation of prisons
Prisons have problems and are
expensive
May create support for
increasing use of prisons
instead of increasing
alternatives to prison
© 2006 Centre for Justice and Reconciliation at Prison Fellowship
- 20. Communities of Restoration
APAC (Association for
Protection and Assistance of
Convicts)
IFI (InnerChange Freedom
Initiative)
FBU (Faith Based Unit)
© 2006 Centre for Justice and Reconciliation at Prison Fellowship
- 22. Communities of Restoration
Goal: To teach prisoners to
receive and give love.
© 2006 Centre for Justice and Reconciliation at Prison Fellowship
- 23. Communities of Restoration
Crime is the tragic refusal to love.
Humans were made to love and to
be loved, but need to be taught.
Sometimes families fail to love
their children and teach them to
love.
APAC creates a community in
which prisoners can learn to be
loved and to love.
© 2006 Centre for Justice and Reconciliation at Prison Fellowship
- 26. Communities of Restoration
“Kill the criminal to save the person.”
“Every person is more than the
mistakes he has made.”
“For as long as there is in the world a
person unjustly treated, hungry, in
prison, sick, unemployed, alone or
abandoned, I have a responsibility.”
© 2006 Centre for Justice and Reconciliation at Prison Fellowship
- 29. Communities of Restoration
APAC IFI
• Argentina • England
• Australia • Germany
• Bolivia • USA
• Brazil
• Bulgaria
• Chile FBU
• Ecuador • New Zealand
• Latvia • Singapore
© 2006 Centre for Justice and Reconciliation at Prison Fellowship
- 30. For more information
www.RestorativeJustice.org
Daniel W. Van Ness
Centre for Justice & Reconciliation
at Prison Fellowship International
dvanness@pfi.org
© 2006 Centre for Justice and Reconciliation at Prison Fellowship