1. WATER CONSERVATION STORAGE
AND APPLIANCES
BUILDING SERVICES

2. Standard toilets use siphoning
action, a method that employs a
siphoning tube, to evacuate waste.
A high volume of water entering
the toilet bowl when the toilet's
flushed fills the siphon tube and
pulls the waste and water down
the drain. When air enters the
tube, the siphoning action stops.
Dual flush toilets on the other hand
employ a larger trapway (the hole
at the bottom of the bowl) and a
wash-down flushing design that
pushes waste down the drain.
Because there's no siphoning
action involved, the system needs
less water per flush, and the larger
diameter trapway makes it easy for
waste to exit the bowl.
Dual Flush Toilets

3. It relies on gravity to remove waste from the toilet. In addition to its dual flush
feature, the lack of siphoning also results in it requiring less water to
operate.[3] The lack of siphoning also means that it is similar to
an aeroplane toilet; the water line is considerably lower than that of siphon-flush
toilets. The main feature of the toilet is that it has two buttons for releasing water.
It outputs water in both 0.8-gallon (3 litre) and 1.6-gallon (6 litre) capacities.[4]The
smaller level is designed for liquid waste, and the larger is designed for solid
waste. It also uses a larger 4-inch (10 cm) trapway in the bowl, allowing for water
to come out faster and clear the bowl efficiently.[4]
Combined with the savings from using only half-flushes for liquid waste, the dual
flush toilet design can save up to 68 percent more water than a conventional low
flow toilet.
Disadvantage: Dual flush units are a little more expensive than other low flow
toilet designs. There is also the problem of aesthetics.
Dual Flush Technology

4. • use no water
• rely on a mix of human waste and
other compostable organic matter
• Proper maintenance is
• required to maintain aerobic
decomposition and prevent odours
Composting toilets

5. During composting, your excrement and the organisms in
it are transformed by the
temperature, moisture, oxygen, nutrients and bacteria in
the compost pile into mature compost, a fertilizer
containing microbes different from those that left your
digestive tract. Different systems accomplish composting
differently. For example, most commercial toilets are set
up for slow, low-temperature composting (below 98.6 F or
37 C), which kills most disease-causing organisms in
months, giving you fertilizer that's safe for ornamental
gardens. For fertilizer that's safe for food-producing
gardens, you'd need a high-temperature composting
system where the compost cooks at a temperature from
131 F to 140 F (55 C to 60 C) for several hours so that it
basically kills all human pathogens

6. The main components of a
composting toilet are:
1. a composting reactor
connected to one or more dry or
micro-flush toilets;
2. a screened exhaust system
(often fan-forced) to remove
odors, carbon dioxide, water
vapor, and the by-products of
aerobic decomposition;
3. a means of ventilation to
provide oxygen (aeration) for the
aerobic organisms in the
composter;
4. a means of draining and
managing excess liquid and
leachate;
5. process controls, such as
mixers, to optimize and manage
the process; and
6. an access door for removal of
the end-product.

7. Air is constantly circulated
inside the composting
chambers of this toilet until
saturated and is then
exhausted through the
ventilation system. The
compost is periodically mixed
by two blades in order to
provide extra aeration for faster
decomposing.
The combination of an efficient
and quiet fan with a thermostat
controlled heating element
guarantees an energy efficient
and complete composting
process; the patented and
award-winning air recirculation
system results in a very low
energy cost.
BioLet – a type of a compost
toilet…….

8. The Toilet Lid Sink takes water that would normally go straight down into
our toilet and first routes it through the sink spout at the top so we can wash
our hands after we flush. When we flush the toilet, the waste goes down
the drain and then the clean water from your reservoir tank refills the
bowl. With the sink add-on, the clean water from the reservoir first goes
through the sink and then goes down into the bowl. This extra step doesn’t
reduce the amount of water our toilet is flushing but it allows us to use that
water twice, cutting out the use of our sink all together after taking care of
business.
The Toilet Lid Sink

9. A famous Japanese toilet that utilizes waste water from basins for
flushing…….

10. Microbiological Waterless Urinal Systems
Urine comes into contact with a block, often housed
within a dome inserted into the urinal waste outlet
. Once taken down into the trap with the urine, the
spores become active beneficial bacteria that 'feed'
upon the urine and then multiply. By breaking down
the urine into components, the bacteria from the
block prevent the build-up of sludge and crystals that
are a major contributing cause to blockages. Most
importantly, the microbes cannot break down hair, grit
and other debris that inevitably finds its way into the
urinal trap and thence the waste runs. Therefore to
push the debris down to the main drain before it can
collect and cause a blockage, it is essential to pour
some fluid down each urinal at regular
intervals, usually once per week. This "dosing"
process is most effective when a mixture of warm
water and an appropriate chemical is used.

11. Barrier Waterless Urinal Systems
Urine and debris passes through an oil-
based barrier fluid which forms the seal
to prevent odours reaching the washroom
. In some systems, the barrier fluid is
contained within a replaceable cartridge
that also captures debris which would
otherwise fall into the waste pipes.
Cartridges typically need to be replaced
every 2 to 5 months, dependent on usage.
The barrier fluid can be swiftly degraded if
the correct cleaning chemicals are not
used. Otherwise, barrier systems work
very well, although those that use
replaceable cartridges can be expensive
to run for busy washrooms.

12. Valve Waterless Urinal Systems
Urine passes through a one-way 'plastic' valve
that, when closed, prevents odours from being
emitted into the washroom. These generally
require some regular maintenance to clear urine
crystals and debris, including hair. It is important
not to allow the valve to become stuck
open, especially if the urinal trap the previously
prevented odours has been replaced with a "right-
angled" straight-through connection. The idea of
removing the trap is that the flow of urine alone
will carry the hair and other debris in to the main
drain. Valve systems can work very well if
properly maintained and they are available to
retrofit most types of standard urinal bowls. Some
models include a scented or microbiological block
to complement the valve. The main problem is
that the valve can be left open due to hair and
debris clogging the outlet.

13. Solar toilets

14. In the ELOO, radiant heat is absorbed and
conducted through the ultraviolet-
protected, black polyethylene plastic of the
maintenance cover and vent pipe. The
increased internal temperature causes
convective airflow which is assisted by the
ventilation extraction unit, positioned on top of
the outlet vent pipe. This
unidirectional, positive ventilation ensures that
all odors are extracted through the toilet and
container and expelled via the ventilation
extractor at the top of the vent pipe and/or by
power assisted fans where applicable.
No odor
No infrastructure required
Very low maintenance
No flies (reduces airborn diseases)
The ENVIRO LOO - (ELOO)

15. The removal service intervals
could range from every 6 months
to approximately every 3 years,
depending on usage.
Remote hiking areas
Cabins and cottages
Sports fields
Parks - urban hike & bike trails
Golf courses
Campgrounds and parks
Marinas, docks, water areas
Mines
Highway rest stops
Construction areas
Water shortage areas
Ranches and farms
Beaches and lakes
Offshore/onshore gas/oil rigs
Concerts - festivals

16. Incinerating toilets can be waterless. Instead of breaking down waste
biologically, these toilets torch it. They send the waste to an incinerator, where
it's burned to sterile ash.
The toilet sits in your bathroom and has an electric exhaust pipe that exits
through your roof. To run, it needs batteries or can be plugged into a wall outlet.
You use the toilet normally, toilet paper and all. But before you flush, you must
close the lid, for reasons that will soon be clear. Next, you decide whether to
press the "urine" or "[solid] waste" button on the control panel.
Like composting toilets, these toilets can be self-contained or remote, putting the
incinerator either inside or outside of the toilet. Self-contained models have you
practically sitting on the incinerator, which sounds alarming, but the system will
shut off if you open the lid to use it.
These systems thoroughly insulate you from your excrement. Waste is almost
immediately changed into something else. You don't need to inspect the
waste, tend to it during its transformation or guess about its progress. It's time to
empty the toilet when the indicator light tells you so. In a house of four people, it
estimates that you'll empty the ashes every three to six months . And you can
throw the sterile ashes in the trash.
Then the toilet fires up. Flushing is handled by some type of dry method, like
an auger (essentially a large screw) that turns to push the waste into the
incinerator. A propane, diesel or natural gas tank feeds into the incinerator.

17. Low-flow showerheads are designed to incorporate a
narrower spray area and a greater mix of air and water
than conventional showerheads. As a result, they use
less water but there’s no perceptible difference in
quality or comfort. Features of these low-flow
showerheads include atomizers that deliver water in
small but abundant droplets to cover larger surface
areas, pulsators that vary spray patterns with pauses
between spurts or by pulsating between strong flow
and light mist; and aerators that mix water droplets
with air to cover the desired surface area. In
addition, flow regulators on the shower controls can
reduce or stop the water flow when you’re
shampooing or soaping.
A conventional showerhead is rated to use 14 to 32
litres per minute (lpm) at normal water pressure. At
these rates, a five-minute shower uses 70to 160 litres
of water. In contrast, a five-minute shower with a
water-saving showerhead that delivers 4.5 to11.5 lpm
uses only 22.5 to 57.5 litres of water.
Low flow showerheads

18. Low flow showerheads

19. Low-flow faucets are use sensors as well as aerators
to reduce water consumption.We can select from
among several low-flow faucet technologies for
kitchens and baths, including a metered-valve faucet
that delivers 1.1-litres of water and then automatically
shuts off. Self-closing faucets are spring-loaded to
shut off the faucet a few seconds after the user turns
it on. Ultrasonic, or infrared-sensor, faucets
automatically activate the water flow when hands are
detected beneath it and automatically shut it off when
the hands are removed. Foot controls allow you to
activate a faucet at a set temperature by tapping your
foot on a pedal. Finally, a conventional faucet can be
retrofitted simply and inexpensively by replacing the
screw-in tip of the faucet with an aerator.
Low-flow faucet aerators can cut the water usage of
faucets by as much as 40%.
Low-flow faucets

20. A new innovation in the field of water
conservation and rainwater
harvesting is the save water bricks
which are eco-friendly and have a
waterway which helps direct water in
the required direction…….

21. TYPES OF WATER STORAGE TANKS
Demountable tanks Bladder fuel
tanks
Quick water Bladder water
tanks Onion tanks
tanks

22. DEMOUNTABLE TANKS
 Demountable water storage tanks are ideal for long term or
temporary use, available with sizes ranging from 8,000 litre to
200,000 litre capacity. they lined, steel tank kits are
dispatched complete with assembly instructions and tools.
Suitable for the storage of many liquids including
'firewater', 'rainwater', 'drinking water', liquid fertilizer and
many special liquids used in manufacturing..
 The tanks need no base structure so they can be built on any
flat ground.
 Suitable for all climates.
 Erected by 3 personnel within 8 hours.

23. PORTABLE WATER BLADDER TANKS
These collapsible water bladder
tanks, often referred to as layflat or
pillow tanks, have been developed
especially for use in harsh conditions
worldwide. There are two
specifications, one for economic water
storage and the second for heavy duty
multi-site storage applications and
water transportation. The water
storage tanks are extremely mobile
and can be unrolled and used on any
area of flat ground which has been
cleared of debris.

24. BLADDER CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
 All bladders are fitted with reinforced corner mouldings with integral
tie down holes. All bladders are fitted with automatic pressure relief
valves set at 1 PSI (0.007 N m/m²) to prevent bursting through over-
filling. All bladders are supplied with instruction manuals and repair
kits.

25. PRESENTED BY:
VISHWAJIT DEOGADE BA09ARC015
ROHAN ITKELWAR BA09ARC23
SHUBHA JAISWAL BA09ARC026
AJINKYA JOSHI BA09ARC029
SHRADDHA KHONDE BA09ARC031
MONISHA BHANGADIA BA09ARC034
PRACHI PATIL BA09ARC040
DEVYANI SARAF BA09ARC045
TRISHA GUPTA BA09ARC052