This paper focuses on the ways the policy performance and decision-making of governments in the as it relates to co-benefits and environmental policy by using a Systems Theory Analytical Model.

1. Identifying Best Practices for Co-
Benefits: Improving Decision-
Making for Policymakers
US-Japan Workshop on
Climate Actions and
Developmental Co-Benefits
Myra Frazier, US EPA
March 5, 2007

2. Overview of Presentation
Rationale for the review of Best Practices
for co-benefits
Prerequisites and measurement tools for
establishing Best Practices
Overview and Definition of Best Practices-
Standards for Best Practices
Enabling Environments for Best Practices
Application of Best Practices by various
institutions
Putting it all together—Best Practices as a
policymaking tool

3. Rationale for the Review of Best
Practices for Co-Benefits
This analysis of Best Practices is not an all-
inclusive or exhaustive review of the literature as
it relates to Best Practices or co-benefits.
Instead, this paper highlights resources written
by leading institutions that are illustrative of
various viewpoints on the on the subject.

4. Prerequisites for Establishing Best
Practices for Co-Benefits
Organizational Factors
Best Practices System Model
Role of the Policymakers
Need for Policy-Relevant information
Role of the Technical Adviser

5. THE BEST PRACTICE SYSTEMS
MODEL
Best Practices System Model ™Best Practices Institute 2007
Evaluation Diagnosis
Support/Re-
Assessment
inforcement
Implement Design

6. Measurement Tools for Best
Practices
Importance of Measurement
Measurement Criteria
• Relevance
• Clearly-defined
• Current
• Meets a range of objectives
• Sustainable
Role of Indicators – Types of Indicators

7. Overview of Best Practices
Importance of Best Practices
• Need for improved policy performance
In the context of co-benefits, the most
effective policy would achieve “win-win”
results-polices that promote reductions in
GHG’s and improvements in local air quality.
Greater clarity and certainty
Opportunity to reduce risks

8. Defining Best Practices
General Definition of Best Practices
• A best practice is a technique or methodology that,
through experience and research has proven to reliably
lead to a desired result.
Challenges/Limitations of establishing Best
Practices for co-benefits
General Principles
• Replicability
• Applicability
• Sustainability

9. Standards for Best Practices for
Co-Benefits
Knowledge-Based Standard
Technology-Based Standard
Relevance of these standards for co-
benefits

10. Top-Down Approach to Strategic
Policies that Promote Best
Practices
Free Market Centrally-Planned
Economies Economies
Trade Policy (Chile) Command and Control
Legal Reform Policies (China)
Environmental Regulations
Bureaucratic Regulations
Energy Policy Reform
—

11. SD-PAMS
Definition
• Policies and measures taken by a
country in pursuit of its domestic policy
objectives.
Can serve as a metric to evaluate policy
options that advance domestic
development objectives and promote
climate benefits.

12. Integrated Environment Strategies
Program (IES)
Created in 1998
Current focus on 4 developing countries
Identifies co-benefits opportunities, provides
analytical data for decision-making, outreach and
education
Builds permanent in-country capacity
Extends co-benefits framework to other areas
besides key areas of GHG reductions, air quality
and public health impacts
Makes linkages between analysis and the policy
process

13. What Are Integrated Measures?
Integrated
• Low-sulfur coal
• Smokestack • Clean fuels
controls • Renewable energy
• Catalytic converters • Energy efficiency Global
• Inspection and programs
maintenance (I&M) • Methane gas recovery
programs
• Fuel switching
• Diesel particle traps • Forest management
• Public transport and
• Evaporative controls land use • Control of other GHGs
Local • Retirement of older
(N2O, HFCs, PFCs,
SF6)
vehicles
• Carbon capture/
• Efficiency standards for
sequestration
new vehicles/appliances
Integrated
Adapted from Jason West et al (2002)

14. IGES-Definition of Good Practices
The Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, (IGES)-
“Good Practices” meet the following conditions:
• Lead to an actual improvement in the environmental
area considered, or breaks new ground in non-traditional
approaches on the issue.
• Involve indicators for some visible or measurable
change, giving consideration to:
Improvement in the environmental situation or the socio-
economic situation;
Demonstrate innovation and replicable approach;
Be self-sustaining;
Involve a range of actors.

15. Putting it all together---Best
Practices as a Policymaking Tool
Opportunities for Additional Research:
• Greater alignment between the underlying disciplines
and to promote greater harmonization of methods,
metrics and evaluation tools;
• Greater alignment between local development goals and
national GHG mitigation strategies;
• Greater alignment between policymaker and technical
adviser;
• Greater alignment between policy inputs and outcomes
for co-benefits;
• Greater alignment between organizational structure and
performance and outcomes.