Thermodynamic Principles and Entropy Explained

Thermodynamic principles JAMES WATT 19.1.1736 - 19.8.1819 Lectures on Medical Biophysics Dept. Biophysics, Medical faculty, Masaryk University in Brno

Lecture outline ,[object Object],[object Object]

Thermodynamics – physical discipline dealing with transformations of energy in macroscopic systems . ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

T H ERMODYNAMIC SYST E M ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Basic terms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Reversible process : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Work done by / on thermodynamic system s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Other important quantities: ,[object Object],Internal energy of the system is the sum of all kinetic and potential energies of all particles forming the system. Heat (thermal energy) is the part of internal energy of the system which can be exchanged between systems as a result of their different temperatures.

1st law of thermodynamics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

2 nd law of thermodynamics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Entropy and disorder ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

„ An experiment with balls“ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

A few terms of statistical physics : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Free expansion of gas: ,[object Object],A) A box is divided into two parts by a wall. In one of them, there is compressed ideal gas in equilibrium state. B) We make an opening in the wall, the gas expands in the second part of the box – an irreversible process is in progress. C) After certain time, in both parts of the box tmd. equilibrium is reached.

A nalogy between both experiments:

Author: Vojtěch Mornstein Language revision: Carmel J. Caruana Presentation design: - - - Last revision: September 2008

Thermodynamic Principles and Entropy Explained

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Thermodynamic Principles and Entropy Explained