1. Criminal Justice in Action
Pamela Saunders
Instructor: Mr. Kevin Rowe
Course: CJS 200 Foundation of the Criminal Justice System
University of Phoenix, Axia College
October 11, 2009

2. Criminal Justice
is the system of practices and institutions of governments
directed at upholding social control, deterring and
mitigating crime, and sanctioning those who violate laws
with criminal penalties and rehabilitation efforts.
The rights of the accused are rights that protect those
accused of crime

3. Criminal justice system consist of three main parts:
 Criminal justice system
 The criminal justice system consists of three main
parts: (1) law enforcement (police); (2) adjudication
(courts); and (3) corrections (jails, prisons, probation
and parole). In the criminal justice system, the People
are represented by two separate yet equally important
groups: the police, who investigate crime, and the
district attorneys, who prosecute the offenders.
Criminal justice agencies are intended to operate
within the rule of law.

4. Roles of Police Officers
 police officer (also known as a constable in some countries) is employed in most cases by
federal, state/provincial or municipal governments and has the responsibility (or duty) of
enforcing federal, state/provincial laws along with municipal/city ordinances. They also
have the responsibility of keeping the public peace. This is usually done by uniformed pro-
active patrolling within their jurisdiction looking for and investigating law breakers, and by
responding to calls for service. Police officers are required to keep notes of all situations in
which they take action and appear as witnesses during both criminal prosecutions and civil
litigation
 www.jobbankusa.com/.../police.../job_descriptions_definitions_roles_responsibility.html -

5. Roles of the Police Officer after a crime has been
committed
 Police investigation
 When a crime is reported to the police they will usually start investigating it by talking to the victim of the
crime and other witnesses. The details of what is said are typed up as statements and form part of the
prosecution evidence. The police may also examine the crime scene for other evidence
•Arrest and identification
•When someone is suspected of committing a serious crime, they may be asked to attend an
interview, or may be arrested and taken to a police station. The suspect may then be questioned
and, if there is enough evidence, they will be charged. The police will interview the suspect and
can record the questions and answers in writing. In serious matters, they may record the
interview on audio or video tape. As part of the investigation, a victim or other witness may be
asked to identify the person who is suspected of committing the crime. In most cases this is
done by looking at photographs, but sometimes police use an identification parade

6. Courtroom and Trial
Administrative Judge - Criminal Division Jeffrey A. Manning
 Bailiff : Announces the entrance of the judge
 Court Reporter: Recording all the proceeds during the trial
 Deputy Sheriffs: Transport prisoners to and from court proceedings
 Jurors: In trials, a group of people who are selected and sworn to inquire into matters of
fact and to reach a verdict on the basis of the evidence presented to them.
 Prosecuting Attorney: The attorney for the State the crime was committed in.
 Defense Attorney: The attorney for the accused, this attorney can be either the accused
own or the what is known as a Public defender. This was mention in the” Miranda
Rights”
 Defendant: the person being trialed
 Judge: Listens to the evidence and determines the faith of the person on trial.
 Court Clerk; Paper pusher, evidence, transcripts prior to trial.
 This is a trial judge that everyone criminal known try not to come up against.

7. Black on Black Crime
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

 In Pittsburgh and Allegheny County "Black on Black" crime has taken a deadly toll.
In the past year, 95 people were murdered in Allegheny County and 70 of those were black men.
Now some in the community are sounding the alarm.
On Monday, two African-American men were gunned down in McKeesport.
. "We're under attack and we made sure to answer we're under attack by us. If there we're marauding bands of
white folks driving throughout our neighborhood firing, then a war would be on."
For the past year, the paper has been publishing the names and race of people murdered in Allegheny County and
the year's end tally tells a grim tale.
Of 95 people murdered, 77 were black and 70 of those were black men.
 While African Americans comprise 13.5% of the U.S. Population, 43% of all murder victims in 2007 were
African American, 93.1% of whom were killed were African Americans.
 Victimizations of African Americans from violent crime which include the following; rape/sexual assault,
 robbery, aggravated and simple Assault was 24.3% in 2007, with the highest percentages of victimizations within
the age ranges of 15-24 totaling a percentage greater than 38%.

8. Black on Black Crime
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
 Serious violent crime rates declined in recent years for both blacks and whites.
 Trends in violent victimization by race, 1973 to 2008 In 2008 —-
 The rate of violent victimization against blacks was 26 per 1,000 persons age 12 or older; for whites 18 per 1,000 and for
persons of other races, 15 per 1,000.
 Blacks were victims of rape/sexual assault, robbery and aggravated assault at rates higher than those for whites.
 According to the FBI's Uniform Crime Reports, in 2006 about 50% off murder victims were black, 47% were white, and 3%
were Asians, Pacific Islander, and Native Americans.
 See also Homicide Trends in the United States and Data Online for characteristics of homicide victims by State and large
 locality.
 Blacks were more likely than whites to be victimized by a carjacking (3 versus 1 per 10,000 respectively) 1993-2002.
 Between 2002 and 2006, American Indians experienced violence at rates almost twice that of blacks, about 2 1/2 times that of
whites, and more than 5 times that of Asians.

9. Punishment: Purpose
 The purpose of punishment has four basic principles:
 Retribution: “eye for an eye”, you reap what you sow.
 Deterrence; setting as example for wrong behavior.
 Incapacitation: detaining wrongdoers by separating them the community in prison.
 Rehabilitation: Assist in helping criminal change there lives around.
 The purpose of punishment according:
“Professor Herbert Packer has said that punishing criminals serves two ultimate
purposes: the “deserved infliction of suffering on evildoers” and “the prevention of crime”.

10. Sentencing Structure
 The history of criminal sentencing in the United States has been characterized by shifts in
among the three branches. The three branches include, legislatures, rehabilitative justice
and judicial and administrative. Under each branch of sentencing are sub branches with
enforces behavior in different format, but trying to reach the final results, to deter crime.
 The three branches include:
 Legislatures : responsible for making laws.
 Judicial Sentencing: judges makes the sentence depending upon each case.
 Administrative branches: working with the inmates on early paroles,.

11. Pennsylvania State Corrections
SCI Dallas – Medium Security
 SCI Dallas
 SCI Dallas (Luzerne County, 10 miles from Wilkes-Barre) was opened in 1960 as an
institution for defective delinquents. After the state Supreme Court decision of 1966 voided
the concept of "defective delinquents," Dallas, like Huntingdon, became an adult institution. It
now is a medium-security facility for men.

12. Pennsylvania State Corrections
SCI Dallas – Medium Security
 SCI Muncy
 SCI Muncy (Lycoming County, 15 miles from Williamsport) is the
diagnostic and classification center for the state's female inmates. It was
originally opened in 1920 as The Muncy Industrial Home, a training
school for female offenders between the ages of 16 and 30. Incorporated
into the Bureau of Correction in 1953, SCI Muncy is a close-security
prison that also houses all of the state’s female capital case inmates.

13. Pennsylvania State Correction
SCI Graterford
 SCI Graterford
 The State Correctional Institution at Graterford is located 31 miles west of
Philadelphia. The facility, built in 1929, is Pennsylvania's largest maximum-
security prison. In 1989, an $80 million construction program was completed that
added a new administration building, a 28-bed infirmary and 372 additional cells.

14. Pennsylvania Corrections
Bootcamp
 Quehanna Bootcamp
 The Quehanna Motivational Boot Camp opened in June 1992 as the department's
first military-style motivational boot camp. Inmates assigned to the boot camp
undergo a rigid six-month disciplinary and training program which, if successfully
completed, will result in their immediate release on parole. The minimum-security
facility houses both male and female offenders.


15. What is the sequence of events in the criminal justice system?